İskitler
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İskitler, M.Ö. 7. yüzyılda Avrupa ile Asya'nın batı kesiminde, Tanrı Dağları ve Fergana Vadisi arasındaki bölgede yaşamış Sakalar diye de anılan Hint-Avrupa dili konunşan[1] İranî bir halk[2][3][4]
İskitler hakkındaki bilgilerin çoğunluğu Yunan kaynaklarından gelmektedir. Herodot Tarih eserinde İskitlerin Asya'dan geldiklerini ve Massagetlerin baskısı ile batıya göç etmeye zorlandıklarını belirtmektedir[5][6][7][5][8].
İskitler, tarihi kayıtlara göre, ilk önce M.Ö. 680 yıllarında Kafkas geçitlerinden aşıp Kür Irmağı boylarına yayıldılar.[9]
M. Ö. 645 - M. Ö. 617 yıllar arasında Suriye ve Filistin'e de girmiştir.[10]
İskitler, M.Ö. 7. yüzyılda Avrupa ile Asya'nın batı kesiminde, Tanrı Dağları ve Fergana Vadisi arasındaki bölgede yaşamışlardır.[11]
[değiştir] Ayrıca Bakınız
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- ^ Rjabchikov 2004
- ^ Hermann Parzinger: Die Skythen (Almanca). Beck Yayınevi, Münih 2004. ISBN 3-406-50842-1
- ^ Scythians is pronounced /'sɪθɪən/ or /'sɪðɪən/. Scyths are pronounced /'sɪθs/. From Greek Σκύθης. Note Scytho- /'saɪθəʊ/ in composition (OED).
- ^ Scythian mummy shown in Germany, BBC News
- ^ a b Sulimirski, T. "The Scyths" in Cambridge History of Iran, vol. 2: 149-99 [1]
- ^ Herodotus 4.11 trans. G. Rawlinson.
- ^ Oswald Szemerényi, "Four old Iranian ethnic names: Scythian - Skudra - Sogdian - Saka" (Sitzungsberichte der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 371), Vienna, 1980 = Scripta minora, vol. 4, pp. 2051-2093. [2]
- ^ Grousset, Rene. "The empire of the Steppes," Rutgers University Press, 1989, pg 19 Jacbonson, Esther. "The Art of Scythians," Brill Academic Publishers, 1995, pg 63 ISBN 90-04-09856-9 Gamkrelidze and Ivanov Indo-European and the Indo-Europeans: A Reconstruction and Historical Typological Analysis of a Proto-Language and Proto-Culture (Parts I and II). Tbilisi State University., 1984 Mallory, J.P. . In Search of the Indo-Europeans: Language Archeology and Myth. Thames and Hudson. Read Chapter 2 and see 51-53 for a quick reference.(1989) Newark, T. The Barbarians: Warriors and wars of the Dark Ages, Blandford: New York. See pages 65, 85, 87, 119-139. ,1985 Renfrew, C. Archeology and Language: The Puzzle of Indo-European origins, Cambridge University Press, 1988 Abaev, V.I. and H. W. Bailey, "Alans," Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. 1. pp. 801-803. ; Great Soviet Encyclopedia, (translation of the 3rd Russian-language edition), 31 vols., New York, 1973-1983. Vogelsang, W J The rise & organisation of the Achaemenid empire — the eastern evidence (Studies in the History of the Ancient Near East Vol. III). Leiden: Brill. pp. 344., 1992 ISBN 90-04-09682-5. Sinor, Denis. Inner Asia: History — Civilization — Languages, Routledge, 1997 pg 82 ISBN 0-7007-0896-0 ; "Scythian." (2006). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved September 7, 2006, from Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service Masica, Colin P. The Indo-Aryan Languages, Cambridge University Press, 1993, pg 48 ISBN 0-521-29944-6
- ^ Grousset, Rene. "The empire of the Steppes," Rutgers University Press, 1989, pg 19 Jacbonson, Esther. "The Art of Scythians," Brill Academic Publishers, 1995, pg 63 ISBN 90-04-09856-9 Gamkrelidze and Ivanov Indo-European and the Indo-Europeans: A Reconstruction and Historical Typological Analysis of a Proto-Language and Proto-Culture (Parts I and II). Tbilisi State University., 1984 Mallory, J.P. . In Search of the Indo-Europeans: Language Archeology and Myth. Thames and Hudson. Read Chapter 2 and see 51-53 for a quick reference.(1989) Newark, T. The Barbarians: Warriors and wars of the Dark Ages, Blandford: New York. See pages 65, 85, 87, 119-139. ,1985 Renfrew, C. Archeology and Language: The Puzzle of Indo-European origins, Cambridge University Press, 1988 Abaev, V.I. and H. W. Bailey, "Alans," Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. 1. pp. 801-803. ; Great Soviet Encyclopedia, (translation of the 3rd Russian-language edition), 31 vols., New York, 1973-1983. Vogelsang, W J The rise & organisation of the Achaemenid empire — the eastern evidence (Studies in the History of the Ancient Near East Vol. III). Leiden: Brill. pp. 344., 1992 ISBN 90-04-09682-5. Sinor, Denis. Inner Asia: History — Civilization — Languages, Routledge, 1997 pg 82 ISBN 0-7007-0896-0 ; "Scythian." (2006). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved September 7, 2006, from Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service Masica, Colin P. The Indo-Aryan Languages, Cambridge University Press, 1993, pg 48 ISBN 0-521-29944-6
- ^ Herodotus 4.11 trans. G. Rawlinson.
- ^ Scythian, member of a nomadic people originally of Iranian people who migrated from Central Asia to southern Russia in the 8th and 7th centuries BC - The New Encyclopedia Britannica, 15th edition - Micropaedia on "Scythian", 10:576

