Seküler devlet

Sayfanın 29 Ağustos 2016 tarihinde onaylanmış olan kontrol edilmiş bir sürümü, bu revizyonu temel almıştır.

Seküler devlet ya da laik devlet, resmî bir dini bulunmayan ve yasaların belli bir dine göre şekillendirilmediği devlettir. Laik devletler, herhangi bir dine inanan veya hiçbir dine inanmayan tüm vatandaşlarına eşit mesafede bulunur, bu türden devletlerde kişiler dinî inançlarına bakılmaksızın aynı mahkemelerde aynı yasalarla yargılanır. Dinî kurumların siyasete karışması yasaktır. Laik devlet yapısının egemen olduğu ülkelerde din ve vicdan özgürlüğü vardır ve bu yüzden herkes inandığı dinin gereklerini yerine getirme, inansa bile o gerekleri yerine getirmeme veya hiçbir dine mensup olmama özgürlüğüne sahiptir.

Seküler devletlerde dinî bayramlar inançlı kişilerin isteği dahilinde resmî tatil olarak ilan edilebilir.^[1]

Günümüzdeki laik devletler

Afrika

Angola^[2]
Benin ^[3]
Botswana^[4]^[5]
Burkina Faso^[6]
Burundi^[7]
Kamerun^[8]
Cape Verde^[9]
Çad ^[10]
Kongo Demokratik Cumhuriyeti^[11]
Kongo Cumhuriyeti ^[12]
Etiyopya^[13]
Gabon^[14]
Gine^[15]
Gine-Bisau^[16]
Liberya ^[17]
Mali^[18]
Namibya^[19]
Senegal^[20]
Somali^[21]
Güney Afrika ^[22]

Amerika

Bolivya
Brezilya^[23]
Kanada ^[24]
Şili
Kolombiya
Küba ^[25]
Ekvador
El Salvador
Honduras^[26]^[27]
Meksika^[28]
Paraguay
Peru
Puerto Rico^[29]
Uruguay
Venezuela
ABD ^[30]

Asya

Çin Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti^[31]
- Hong Kong Hong Kong
- Makao Macau
Tayvan Tayvan
Doğu Timor Doğu Timor ^[32]
Hindistan Hindistan ^[33]
Japonya Japonya ^[34]
Kazakistan ^[35]
Kuzey Kore Kuzey Kore
Güney Kore Güney Kore ^[36]
Kırgızistan Kırgizistan ^[37]
Laos Laos
Moğolistan Moğolistan
Nepal Nepal ^[38]
Filipinler Filipinler ^[39]
Singapur Singapur
Tacikistan Tacikistan
Tayland Tayland ^[40]
Türkmenistan Türkmenistan ^[41]^[42]
Özbekistan Özbekistan
Vietnam Vietnam ^[43]

Avrupa

Arnavutluk^[44]
Ermenistan^[45]
Avusturya ^[46]
Azerbaycan^[47]
Beyaz Rusya^[48]
Belçika^[49]
Bosna Hersek
Bulgaristan
Hırvatistan^[50]
Kıbrıs ^[51]
Çek Cumhuriyeti^[52]
Estonya^[53]
Finlandiya
Fransa ^[54]
Galler, Birleşik Krallık
Gürcistan^[55]
Almanya^[56]
Macaristan^[57]
İrlanda^[58]
Kuzey İrlanda, Birleşik Krallık
İskoçya, Birleşik Krallık
İtalya^[59]
Letonya ^[60]
Litvanya
Lüksemburg
Makedonya
Moldova
Karadağ
Hollanda
Polonya^[61]
Portekiz ^[62]
Romanya ^[63]
Rusya ^[64]
Sırbistan^[65]
Slovakya^[66]
Slovenya
İspanya
İsveç^[67]
İsviçre
Türkiye ^[68]

Okyanusya

Avustralya ^[69]
Mikronezya ^[70]
Yeni Zelanda

Eskiden laik olan devletler

Pakistan (1947-1956): 1956 Anayasası ile ülke İslami Cumhuriyete dönüştürüldü.
İran (1925-1979): 1979 yılında İslam Devrimi gerçekleştirildi ve ülke İslami Cumhuriyete çevrildi.
Irak (1932-1968)
Madagaskar (1960-2007): 2007 yılında Anayasadaki Laiklik ibaresi çıkartıldı.

Ayrıca bakınız

Laiklik

Kaynakçalar

^ http://www.financialexpress.com/news/haj-subsidy-has-air-india-fuming/360651/0
^ Article 8 of Constitution
^ Article 2 of Constitution
^ Botswana - International Religious Freedom Report 2007
^ Leaders say Botswana is a secular state
^ Article 31 of Constitution
^ Article 1 of Constitution
^ Preamble of Constitution
^ Article 48 of Constitution
^ Article 1 of Constitution
^ Article 1 of Constitution
^ Article 1 of Constitution
^ Article 11 of Constitution
^ Article 2 of Constitution
^ Article 1 of Constitution
^ Article 1 of Constitution
^ Article 14 of Constitution
^ Preamble of Constitution
^ Articles 10, 14, 19 and 21 of Constitution
^ Senegal - International Religious Freedom Report 2007
^ Appendix 1: Draft Constitution for the Republic of Somalia
^ South Africa - International Religious Freedom Report 2007
^ Article 19 of Constitution
^ Section Two of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
^ Article 8 of Constitution
^ Article 77 of the Constitution
^ Summary Honduras Constitutions (English)
^ Article 130 of Constitution
^ Article II of Constitution Sección 3
^ First Amendment
^ Article 36 of Constitution
^ http://www.eastimorlawjournal.org/East_Timor_National_Parliament_Laws/constitution-english.html
^ Preamble of Constitution
^ Article 20 of Constitution
^ Article 1 of Constitution
^ Article 20 of Constitution
^ Article 1 of Constitution
^ Religious Intelligence - News - Nepal moves to become a secular republic
^ Article 2, Section 6 of Constitution
^ Section 38 of Constitution
^ Статья 11
^ Article 11 of the Constitution
^ Article 70 of Constitution
^ Article 7 of Constitution
^ Article 23 of Constitution
^ Articles 7 and 14 of Constitution
^ Article 7 of Constitution
^ Article 16 of Constitution
^ Article 20 of Constitution
^ Article 41 of Constitution
^ Article 18 of Constitution
^ Article 2 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Basic Freedoms
^ Article 40 of Constitution
^ Article 2 of Constitution
^ Article 9 of Constitution
^ Article 140 of Constitution
^ Article 60 of Constitution
^ U.S. Department of State - Ireland (The Constitution provides for freedom of religion, and the Government does not hamper the teaching or practice of any faith. Even though overwhelmingly Roman Catholic, Ireland has no state religion.)
^ US governmental report (International Religious Freedom Report 2005) (İngilizce)
^ Article 99 of Constitution
^ But Concordat of 1993 ratified in 1998
^ Article 41 of Constitution
^ Article 29 of the Constitution, Article 9(1) of Law 489/2006 on Religious Freedom
^ Article 14 of Constitution
^ Article 11 of the Constitution
^ Article 1 of Constitution
^ The Swedish head of state must according to the Swedish Act of Succession adhere to the Augsburg Confession
^ Article 2 of Constitution
^ Section 116 of Constitution
^ Section IV Article 2 of Constitution

[1] ttp://www.financialexpress.com/news/haj-subsidy-has-air-india-fuming/360651/0

[2] Article 8 of Constitution

[3] Article 2 of Constitution

[4] Botswana - International Religious Freedom Report 2007

[5] Leaders say Botswana is a secular state

[6] Article 31 of Constitution

[7] Article 1 of Constitution

[8] Preamble of Constitution

[9] Article 48 of Constitution

[10] Article 1 of Constitution

[11] Article 1 of Constitution

[12] Article 1 of Constitution

[13] Article 11 of Constitution

[14] Article 2 of Constitution

[15] Article 1 of Constitution

[16] Article 1 of Constitution

[17] Article 14 of Constitution

[18] Preamble of Constitution

[19] Articles 10, 14, 19 and 21 of Constitution

[20] Senegal - International Religious Freedom Report 2007

[21] Appendix 1: Draft Constitution for the Republic of Somalia

[22] South Africa - International Religious Freedom Report 2007

[23] Article 19 of Constitution

[24] Section Two of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

[25] Article 8 of Constitution

[26] Article 77 of the Constitution

[27] Summary Honduras Constitutions (English)

[28] Article 130 of Constitution

[29] Article II of Constitution Sección 3

[30] First Amendment

[31] Article 36 of Constitution

[32] ttp://www.eastimorlawjournal.org/East_Timor_National_Parliament_Laws/constitution-english.html

[33] Preamble of Constitution

[34] Article 20 of Constitution

[35] Article 1 of Constitution

[36] Article 20 of Constitution

[37] Article 1 of Constitution

[38] Religious Intelligence - News - Nepal moves to become a secular republic

[39] Article 2, Section 6 of Constitution

[40] Section 38 of Constitution

[41] Статья 11

[42] Article 11 of the Constitution

[43] Article 70 of Constitution

[44] Article 7 of Constitution

[45] Article 23 of Constitution

[46] Articles 7 and 14 of Constitution

[47] Article 7 of Constitution

[48] Article 16 of Constitution

[49] Article 20 of Constitution

[50] Article 41 of Constitution

[51] Article 18 of Constitution

[52] Article 2 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Basic Freedoms

[53] Article 40 of Constitution

[54] Article 2 of Constitution

[55] Article 9 of Constitution

[56] Article 140 of Constitution

[57] Article 60 of Constitution

[58] U.S. Department of State - Ireland (The Constitution provides for freedom of religion, and the Government does not hamper the teaching or practice of any faith. Even though overwhelmingly Roman Catholic, Ireland has no state religion.)

[59] US governmental report (International Religious Freedom Report 2005) (İngilizce)

[60] Article 99 of Constitution

[61] But Concordat of 1993 ratified in 1998

[62] Article 41 of Constitution

[63] Article 29 of the Constitution, Article 9(1) of Law 489/2006 on Religious Freedom

[64] Article 14 of Constitution

[65] Article 11 of the Constitution

[66] Article 1 of Constitution

[67] The Swedish head of state must according to the Swedish Act of Succession adhere to the Augsburg Confession

[68] Article 2 of Constitution

[69] Section 116 of Constitution

[70] Section IV Article 2 of Constitution

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