Şam hükümdarları listesi

Antik zamanlardan günümüze Şam hükümdarları listesi

Kenan

• Uz ben Shem (c. 2500 BC)
• Biryawaza (14th century BC)

Arami-Damascus

• Rezon I (c. 950 BC)
• Tabrimmon
• Ben-Hadad I (c. 885 BCE-c. 865 BC)
• Hadadezer (c. 865 BC-c. 842 BC)
• Hazael (c. 842 BC-c. 804 BC)
• Ben-Hadad III (c. 796 BC)
• Tab-El (c. 770 BC)
• Rezon II (c. 740 BC-732 BC)

Bağımsız olmayan dönem

• Asurlulara bağlı (732 BC-609 BC)
  • Ilu-Ittia (yaklaşık 8. yüzyıl BC)
• Babil'e bağlı (609 BC-539 BC)
• Ahameniş İmparatorluğu'na bağlı (539 BC-332 BC)
• Makedonya'ya bağlı (332 BC-323 BC)
• Antigonid Hanedanı'na bağlı (323 BC-301 BC)
• Ptolemaios Krallığı'na bağlı (301 BC-198 BC)
• Seleukos İmparatorluğu'na bağlı (198 BC-167 BC)
• Ituraea'ya bağlı (167 BC-110 BC) (Seleukos'dan yarı bağımsız)
• Dekapolis'e bağlı (110 BC-85 BC) (Seleukos'dan yarı bağımsız)
• Nebatî Krallığı'na bağlı (85 BC-64 BC)
• Roma Cumhuriyeti/Roma İmparatorluğu/Bizans İmparatorluğu (64 BC-635)
  • Gassanilere bağlı (529-584; ?-635)

Dört Halife

• Halid bin Velid (635-636)
• Ebu Ubeyde bin Cerrah (636-637)
• Amr bin Âs (637-640)
• Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan (640)
• Muaviye bin Ebu Süfyan (640-661)

Emevîler

• Muâviye bin Ebu Süfyan (661-680)
• Yezîd bin Muâviye (680-683)
• Ebu Laylâ Muâviye bin Yezîd (683-684)
• Mervân bin Hakem (684-685)
• Abdülmelik bin Mervan (685-705)
• Ebu'l-Abbas el-Velid Bin Abdülmelik (705-715
• Süleyman bin Abdülmelik (715-717)
• Ömer bin Abdülazîz (717-720 )
• Yezîd bin Abdülmelik (720-724)
• Hişâm bin Abdülmelik (724-743)
• Velîd bin Yezîd (743-744)
• Yezîd bin Velîd (744)
• İbrahim bin Velîd (744)
• Mervân bin Muhammed (Yukarı Mezopotamya, Harran'dan yönetmiştir, 744-750)

Abbâsî emirleri

• Abdallah ibn Ali (750-754)
• Salih ibn Ali (754)
• Abd al-Wahhab ibn Ibrahim ibn Muhammad al-Abbasi(754-764)
• Al-Fadl ibn Salih (766-775)
• Ebu Cafer Harun er-Reşid (783-786)
• Ibrahim ibn as-Salih ibn Ali (791-793)
• Musa ibn Yahya al-Barmaki (793-794)
• Abd al-Malik ibn Salih (794-797)
• Ja'far ibn Yahya (797-803)
• Shu'ayb ibn Khazim (803-804)
• Yahya ibn Mu'adh ibn Muslim (806-808)
• Abd al-Malik ibn Salih (810-811)
• Sulayman ibn al-Mansur (811-815)
• Tahir ibn al-Husein (815-821)
• Abdallah ibn Tahir (821-822)
• Ebu İshak Abbas el-Mutasım Billâh (828-829)
• al-Abbas ibn al-Ma'mun (829-833)
• 'Ali ibn Ishaq (833-841)
• Rija ibn Ayyub al-Hadari (841-847)
• Malik ibn Sauq al-Taglibi (847-850)
• Ibrahim al-Muyad ibn Mutawakkil (850-855)
• al-Fath ibn Hakan al-Turki (856-861)
• 'Isa ibn Muhammad ibn al-Shayh (861-864)
• Isa ibn Muhammad al-Nawshari.(c. 866)
• Isa ibn al-Shaykh al-Shaybani, asi vali (c. 867-870)
• Amajur al-Turki (870-878)
• 'Ali ibn Amajur al-Turki (878)
• Mısır Tolunoğulları'na bağlı (877-896)
• Tughj ibn Juff (896–905)
• Ahmad ibn Kayghalagh (905–906)
• al-Rashidi (928–931)
• Muhammed bin Toğaç (931–935)
• Mısır İhşîdîler'e bağlı (935-969), istisnalar:
  • to Ibn Ra'iq (939–942)
  • Muhammad ibn Yazdad al-Shahrzuri (943-945)
  • Sayf al-Dawla Abu al-Hasan 'Ali ibn Abu al-Shuja (945'te kısa bir dönem ve 947)

Fâtımî emirleri

• Abu Ali Ja'far ibn Fallah al-Kutami (970-971)

Karmatîlerin Şam'ı işgali

• Zalim ibn Mauhab al-Ukayli (973-974)
• Jaysh ibn Muhammad (974)
• Rayn al-Mu'izzi (974)
• Alptekin el-Mûizzi (975-978)
• Qassam al-Turab (978-983)

Fâtımîlerin Şam'ı geri alması

• Baltakin al-Turki (983)
• Bakcur (983-991)
• Ya'qub al-Siqlabi (991)
• Mançutekin (993-996)
• Sulayman ibn Fallah (996)
• Bishara al-Ikhshidi (997-998)
• Jaysh ibn Muhammad (998-1000)
• Sulayman ibn Fallah (1000–1002)
• Abu'l-Hasan Ali ibn Jafar (1002–1004)
• Abu Salih Muflih al-Lihyani (1004–1009)
• Hamid ibn Mulham (1009)
• Wajik ad-Dawlah Abu al-Muta Zu-l-Karnayn Hamdan (1010–1011)
• Badr al-Attar (1011–1012)
• Abu Abdallah al-Muzahhir (1012–1014)
• Abd ar-Rahman ibn Ilyas (1015–1021)
• Wajik ad-Dawlah Abu al-Muta Zu-l-Karnayn Hamdan (1021–1023)
• Shihab ad-Dawlah Shah Tegin (1023–1024)
• Wajik ad-Dawlah Abu al-Muta Zu-l-Karnayn Hamdan (1024–1028)
• Anushtakin ad-Dizbari (1028–1041)
• Nasir ad-Dawlah al-Hamdani (1041–1048)
• Baha ad-Dawlah Takiq al-Saklabi (1048–1049)
• Rifq al-Khadim (1049)
• Mu'in ad-Dawlah Haydar ibn Adud ad-Dawlah (1049–1058)
• Makin ad-Dawlah Abu Ali al-Hasan ibn 'Ali (1058)
• Nasir ad-Dawlah al-Hamdani (1058–1060)
• Sebuq Tegin (1060)
• Muwaffaq ad-Dawlah Jauhar al-Mustansiri (1060–1061)
• Hasam ad-Dawlah ibn al-Bachinaki (1061)
• Uddat ad-Dawlah ibn al-Husein (1061)
• Mu'in ad-Dawlah Haydar ibn Adud ad-Dawla (1061–1063)
• Bedr el-Cemâli (1063)
• Hisn ad-Dawlah Haydar ibn Mansur (1063–1067)
• Qutb ad-Din Baris Tegin (1068–1069)
• Hisn ad-Dawlah Mualla al-Kitami (1069–1071)
• Zain ad-Dawlah Intisar ibn Yahya al-Masmudi (1075–1076)

Selçuklu emirleri

• Atsız bin Uvak (1076–1079)
• I. Tutuş (1079–1095)
• Dukak (1095–1104)
• II. Tutuş (1104)
• Ertaş (1104)

Böri emirleri

• Tuğtekin (1104–1128)
• Tacülmülk Böri (1128–1132)
• Şemsülmülk İsmail (1132–1135)
• Şehabeddin Mahmud (1135–1139)
• Cemaleddin Muhammed (1139–1140)
• Muinüddin Üner (Naip, 1140–1149)
• Mucireddin Abak (1140–1154)

Zengi atabegleri

• Nûreddin Mahmud Zengî (1154–1174)
• el-Melikü's-Sâlih İmâdüddin İsmâil (1174)

Eyyûbî emirleri (bazıları aynı zamanda Mısır Sultanıdır)

• Selahaddin Eyyubi (1174–1186)
• Afdal bin Selâhaddîn (1186–1196)
• I. Adil (1196–1218)
• Muazzam bin Adil (1218–1227)
• Nasır Davud (1227–1229)
• Al-Ashraf (1229–1237)
• Sâlih İsmail (1237)
• Kamil bin Adil (1237–1238)
• II. Âdil (1238–1239)
• es-Sâlih Eyyûb (1239)
• Sâlih İsmail (1239–1245)
• es-Sâlih Eyyûb (1245–1249)
• Muazzam Turanşah (1249–1250)
• An-Nasir Yusuf (1250–1260)

Memlûk Devleti naipleri

• Sanjar as-Salihi (Ağustos 1260–Ekim 1260)
• Taybars al-Waziri (Ekim 1260–1264)
• Aqush as-Salihi (1264–)
• Sunqur al-Ashqar (1275–1280)
• Lajin al-Ashqar (1280-?)
• Aqush Bey (yaklaşık 1290s)
• İzzeddin Aybek (?-1296)
• Shuja ad-Din Adirlu (1296–1297)
• Sayf ad-Din Kipchak (1297–1312)
• Sayf ad-Din Tanqiz as-Nasiri (1312–1340)
• Yilbugha an-Nasiri (1340–1350)
• Sayf ad-Din Manjak (1350)
• Tash Timur (yaklaşık 1380)
• Yilbugha al-Nasiri (?-1393)
• Sayf ad-Din Tanibak (1393–1399)
• Sudun (1399–1400)
• Timur tarafından işgal edildi (1400–1401)
• Taghribirdi az-Zahiri (1401-?)
• Kijmas (yaklaşık 1470'ler)
• Ghazali Arab (yaklaşık 16. yüzyıl)
• Sibai (yaklaşık 16. yüzyıl)
• Shihab ad-Din Ahmad (1516–1517)
• Canberdi Gazâlî (1518–1521)

Osmanlı valileri

• Yunus Paşa (yaklaşık 1516)
• Canberdi Gazâlî (1518–1521)
• Ayas Mehmed Paşa (1521–1522)
• Serdar Ferhat Paşa (1522–1523)
• Hurram Paşa (1523–1525)
• Sulayman Paşa al-Tawashi (1525–1526)
• Lütfü Paşa (1526–1528)
• İsa Bey Paşa Chenderli (1528–1531)
• Mustafa Ablak Paşa (1531–1534)
• Lütfü Paşa (1534–1535)
• İsa Bey Paşa Chenderli (1535)
• Muhammad Kuzal Paşa (1536–1537)
• Topal Sulayman Paşa (1537–1538)
• Ahmed Paşa I (1538–1539)
• Qese Husrau Paşa (1539–1541)
• Isa Paşa (1541–1543)
• Piri Paşa (1543–1545)
• Hadım Sinan Paşa (1545–1550)
• Piri Paşa (1550–1551)
• Muhammad Paşa Bartaki (1551–1552)
• Şemsi Ahmed Paşa (1552–1555)
• Hizr Paşa (1555–1561)
• Ali Paşa Lankun (1561–1563)
• Khusrau Paşa I (1563)
• Lala Mustafa Paşa (1563–1569)
• Murad Paşa Shaitan (1569)
• Ali Paşa Lankun (1569–1570)
• Haji Ahmed Paşa (1570–1571)
• Lala Jafar Paşa (1574–1575)
• Murad Paşa (1575–1577)
• Sokolluzade Hasan Paşa (1577–1581)
• Bahram Paşa (1581–1582)
• Hüseyin Paşa Boljanić (1582–1583)
• Sokolluzade Hasan Paşa (1583)
• Qubad Sulayman Paşa (1584)
• Sokolluzade Hasan Paşa (1585–1586)
• Üveys Paşa (1586–1587)
• Muhammad Paşa Farhad (1587–1588)
• Üveys Paşa (1588–1589)
• Elwanzade Ali Paşa (1589–1590)
• Koca Sinan Paşa (1590)
• Sokolluzade Hasan Paşa (1590–1591)
• Mustafa Paşa I (1591–1592)
• Damat Halil Paşa (1592–1593)
• Qachirji Mohammad Paşa (1593–1594)
• Sokolluzade Hasan Paşa (1594)
• Murad Paşa (1594–1595)
• Khusrau Paşa II (1595–1596)
• Razia Hutunzade Mustafa Paşa (1596–1597)
• Yusuf Sinan Paşa (1597–1598)
• Ahmed Paşa II (1598)
• Ahmed Paşa III (1598)
• Khusrau Paşa II (1599)
• Emir Mehmed Paşa (1599–1600)
• Osman Paşa (1601–1603)
• Farhad Paşa Bustanji (1603–1604)
• Mustafa Paşa II (1604–1607)
• Mahmud Paşa (1607–1608)
• Sofu Sinan Paşa (1608–1609)
• Ahmad al-Hafiz (1609–1615)
• Silahdar Mehmed Paşa (1615–1618)
• Hafız Ahmed Paşa (1618–1619)
• Mustafa Paşa III (1619–1620)
• Süleyman Paşa I (1620–1621)
• Murtaza Paşa Bustanji (1621–1622)
• Mehmed Paşa Rushand (1622–1623)
• Mustafa Paşa al-Hannaq (1623–1624)
• Niğdeli Mustafa Paşa (1624–1625)
• Gürcü Mehmed Paşa I (1625–1626)
• Tayar Oğlu Mehmed Paşa (1626–1628)
• Küçük Ahmed Paşa (1628–1629)
• Mustafa Paşa IV (1629–1630)
• Nawaya Mehmed Paşa (1630–1631)
• İlyas Paşa (1632–1633)
• Deli Yusuf Paşa (1633–1635)
• Küçük Ahmed Paşa (1635–1636)
• Dervish Mehmed Paşa (1636–1638)
• Mustafa Paşa IV (1638–1639)
• Chifteli Othman Paşa (1639–1640)
• Mehmed Paşa I (1640–1641)
• Serji Ahmed Paşa (1641–1642)
• Melik Ahmed Paşa (1642–1643)
• Sultanzade Mehmed Paşa (1643)
• Silihdar Yusuf Paşa (1643–1644)
• Gurju Mehmed Paşa II (1644–1645)
• Ibrahim Paşa I (1645)
• Mehmed Paşa Salami (1645–1646)
• Gürcê Mehmed (1646)
• Silahdar Yusuf Paşa (1646–1647)
• Sufi Murteza Paşa (1647)
• Sofu Mehmed Paşa (1648)
• İbşir Mustafa Paşa (1649)
• Mehmed Paşa II (1649–1650)
• Silahdar Murtaza Paşa (1650)
• Sivaslı Mustafa Paşa (1650)
• Haseki Mehmed Paşa (1650–1652)
• Defterzade Mehmed Paşa (1653–1655)
• Kara Murat Paşa (1655; makamı üstlenmeden önce yolda ölmüştür)
• Haseki Mehmed Paşa (1656)
• Köprülü Fazıl Ahmed Paşa (1659–1661)
• Sulayman Paşa II (1661–1663)
• Ribleli Mustafa Paşa (1663–1665)
• Salih Paşa I (1665–1666)
• Qara Mustafa Paşa (1666–1667)
• Mehmed Paşa Chewish Oglu (1667–1669)
• Ibrahim Paşa Shaytan (1669–1671)
• Abazekh Husein Paşa (1671–1672)
• Qara Mehmed Paşa (1672–1673)
• Ibrahim Paşa Shushman (1673–1674)
• Qer Husein Paşa (1674–1675)
• Ibrahim Paşa II (1675–1676)
• Bosniak Osman Paşa (1676–1679)
• Abazekh Husein Paşa (1679–1683)
• Ibrahim Paşa III (1684)
• Bosniak Osman Paşa (1684–1685)
• Kaplan Paşa (1686–1687)
• Arap Salih Paşa (1687–1688)
• Hamza Paşa (1688–1689)
• Bozoklu Mustafa Paşa (1690)
• Murtaza Paşa (1690–1691)
• Gürcü Mehmed Paşa III (1691–1692)
• Çelebi İsmail Paşa (1692–1693)
• İbşir Mustafa Paşa (1693–1694)
• Silihdar Osman Paşa (1695–1696)
• Silihdar Buuqli Mustafa Paşa (1696–1697)
• Ahmad Paşa Hacigirai (1697–1698)
• Silihdar Husein Paşa (1699)
• Silihdar Hasan Paşa (1700)
• Arslan Mehmed Paşa Matracyoghlu (1701)
• Salih Agha (1702)
• Mehmed Paşa Kurd-Bayram (1702–1703)
• Osman Paşa Arnavud (1703)
• Arslan Mehmed Paşa Matracyoghlu (1703–1704)
• Defterdar Mustafa Paşa (1704)
• Firari Hüseyin Paşa (1704–1705)
• Mehmed Paşa Kurd-Bayram (1705–1706)
• Baltacı Süleyman Paşa (1706–1707)
• Yusuf Paşa Qapudan (1707-1708)
• Nasuh Paşa al-Aydini (1708–1712)
• Jarkas Muhammad Paşa (1713-1715)
• Tubal Yusuf Paşa (1715-1716)
• Ibrahim Paşa Qapudan (1716)
• Recep Paşa (1716)
• Nevşehirli Damat İbrahim Paşa (1716–1717)
• Köprülü Abdullah Paşa (1716–1717)
• Recep Paşa (1717-1718)
• Uthman Paşa Abu Tawq (1719-1721)
• Ali Paşa Maqtul (1721–1722)
• Uthman Paşa Abu Tawq (1723–1725)
• Ismail Paşa al-Azm (1725–1730)
• Abdullah Paşa al-Aydinli (1731–1734)
• Sulayman Paşa al-Azm (1734–1738)
• Husayn Paşa al-Bustanji (1738)
• Uthman Paşa al-Muhassil (1739–1740)
• Ali Paşa Abu Qili (1740)
• Sulayman Paşa al-Azm (1741–1743)
• As'ad Paşa al-Azm (1743–1757)
• Husayn Paşa ibn Makki (1757)
• Abdullah Paşa al-Jatahji (1757-1759)
• Muhammad Paşa al-Shalik (1759–1760)
• Uthman Paşa al-Kurji (1760–1771)
• Muhammad Paşa al-Azm (1771–1772)
• Hafiz Mustafa Paşa Bustanji (1773–1783)
• Mehmed Paşa al-Kurji (1783)
• Darwish Paşa al-Kurji (1783–1784)
• Cezzâr Ahmed Paşa (1784–1786)
• Husayn Paşa Battal (1786–1787)
• Abdi Paşa (1787–1788)
• Ibrahim Paşa al-Halabi (1788–1789)
• Cezzâr Ahmed Paşa (1790–1795)
• Abdullah Paşa al-Azm (1795–1798)
• Cezzâr Ahmed Paşa (1798–1799)
• Abdullah Paşa al-Azm (1799–1803)
• Cezzâr Ahmed Paşa (1803–1804)
• Abdullah Paşa al-Azm (1804-807)
• Kunj Yusuf Paşa (1807–1810)
• Sulayman Paşa al-Adil (1810-1812)
• Silahdar Süleyman Paşa (Şubat 1812–Mayıs 1816)
• Sulayman Paşa al-Adil (1816; vekaleten)
• Hafiz Amasyali Ali Paşa (1816–Mart 1817)
• Salih Paşa (Mart 1817–1817)
• Izmirli Süleyman Paşa (1817–1819)
• Burdurlu Derviş Mehmed Paşa (1819–1822)
• Beylanli Mustafa Paşa (June 1822–April 1823)
• Salih Paşa (April 1823–January 1824)
• Muftizade Ahmed Paşa (1824–Mayıs 1824)
• Haci Veliyeddin Paşa (1825–1826)
• Hakkı İsmail Paşa (Ekim1826–1827)
• İzmirli Haci Salih Paşa (1827–1828)
• Mehmed Emin Rauf Paşa (1828–1831)
• Benderli Mehmed Selim Sırrı Paşa (1831–1832)
• Mısır'a bağlı, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'ndan özerk
  • Ahmed Bey (1831–1832)
  • Kavalalı İbrahim Paşa (1832)
  • Muhammed Şerif Paşa (1832–1838)
  • boş (1838–1840)
• İzzet Mehmed Paşa (1840–1841)
• Reşid Mehmed Paşa (1841–1844)
• Mehmed Namık Paşa (1845–1846)
• Rıza Paşa (1845–1846)
• Musa Safveti Paşa (1846)
• Namık Paşa (1848)
• Osman Nuri Paşa (1848–1849)
• Mehmed Namık Paşa (1849–1850)
• Damad Mehmed Said Paşa (1850–1852)
• İzzet Mehmed Paşa (1852)
• Açaf Paşa (1852–1854)
• Arif Mehmed Paşa (1854–1855)
• Salih Vamık Paşa (1855)
• Mahmud Nedim Paşa (1855–1857)
• İzzet Ahmed Paşa (1857)
• Ali Paşa II (1858)
• Halil Kamili Paşa (1858-1859)
• Mu'amer Paşa (1860)
• Mehmed Fuad Paşa (1860–1861)
• Ahmed Paşa IV (1861)
• Emin Muhlis Paşa (1861–1862)
• Reşid Mehmed Paşa (1862–1864)
• Mütercim Mehmed Rüşdi Paşa (1864–1865)
• Mehmed Raşid Paşa (1865–1871)
• Subhi Paşa (1871–1873)
• Sherif Mehmed Re'uf Paşa (1873–1874)
• Esad Paşa (1874–1875)
• Ahmed Hamdi Paşa (1875–1876)
• Ahmed Paşa V (1876–1877)
• Küçük Ömer Fevzi Paşa (1877–1878)
• Ali Haydar Midhat Paşa (1878–1879)
• Hamdi Paşa (1880–1885)
• Raşid Naşid Paşa (1885–1888)
• Manastırlı Mehmed Nazif Paşa (1888–1889)
• Mustafa Asim Paşa (1889–1891)
• Topal Osman Nuri Paşa (1891–1892)
• Şerif Mehmed Rauf Paşa (1892–1894)
• Haçi Osman Nuri Paşa (1894–1895)
• Hasan Refik Paşa (1896–1897)
• Nâzım Paşa (1897–1906)
• İbrahim Şükrü Paşa (1906–1909)
• İsmail Fazıl Bey (1909–1911)
• İsmail Galip Bey (1911–1912)
• Kazım Paşa (1912–1913)
• Arif Bey (1913)
• Mehmed Arif Bey Mardin (1914)
• Cemal Paşa (1915)
• Azmi Paşa (1915–1916)
• Tahsin Bey (1916–1918)
• Mehmed Gabriel Paşa (1918)
• Şükrü Paşa (Ekim 1–2, 1918)

Suriye Arap Krallığı

• I. Faysal (1918–1920)

Suriye'nin başkenti

Ana madde: Suriye devlet başkanları listesi

• Fransız Suriye Mandası (1920-1946)
• Suriye Cumhuriyeti (1946-1958)
• Birleşik Arap Cumhuriyeti (1958-1961)
• Suriye Arap Cumhuriyeti (1961-günümüz)

Kaynakça

Özel

Genel

• Burns, Ross (2007), Damascus: A History, Routledge, ISBN 9781134488490