Turing Ödülü: Revizyonlar arasındaki fark

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!Açıklama
!Açıklama
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![[1966]]
!1966
|[[Alan Perlis|Alan J. Perlis]]
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Alan Perlis|Alan J. Perlis]]
|[[Programlama]] ve [[derleyici]] tasarımı alanına yaptığı katkılardan dolayı<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Perlis | first1 = A. J. | doi = 10.1145/321371.321372 | title = The Synthesis of Algorithmic Systems | journal = Journal of the ACM | volume = 14 | pages = 1 | year = 1967 }}</ref>
|''İleri programlama ve derleyici tasarımı alanına katkılarından dolayı''
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![[1967]]
!1967
|[[Maurice V. Wilkes]]
|{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Maurice V. Wilkes]]
|''Profesör Wilkes dahili [[computer program|program]] saklayabilen ilk bilgisayar olan [[EDSAC]]'ın tasarımcısı ve mimarı olarak bilinir. 1949 yılında EDSAC bir [[mercury delay line memory]] kullandı. Ayrıca,Wilkes 1951 yılında yazılan "[[Preparation of Programs for Electronic Digital Computers]]" kitabının yazarlarından biridir ve bu kitap [[program kütüphanelerini]] iyi bir biçimde tanıtmıştır.''
|Profesör Wilkes dahili [[Bilgisayar programı|program]] saklayabilen ilk bilgisayar olan [[EDSAC]]'ın tasarımcısı ve mimarı olarak bilinir. 1949 yılında EDSAC bir [[mercury delay line memory]] kullandı. Ayrıca, Wilkes 1951 yılında yazılan "Preparation of Programs for Electronic Digital Computers" kitabının yazarlarından biridir ve bu kitap [[Kütüphane (bilgisayar bilimi)|program kütüphanelerini]] iyi bir biçimde tanıtmıştır.<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1145/321439.321440| title = Computers then and Now| journal = Journal of the ACM| volume = 15| pages = 1| year = 1968| last1 = Wilkes | first1 = M. V. }}</ref>
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![[1968]]
!1968
|[[Richard Hamming]]
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Richard Hamming]]
|''Hata bulma ve düzeltme kodları, otomatik kodlama dizgeleri ve sayısal yöntemler üzerine çalışmalarından dolayı''
|Hata bulma ve düzeltme kodları, otomatik kodlama dizgeleri ve [[sayısal yöntemler]] konusundaki çalışmalarından dolayı<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1145/321495.321497| title = One Man's View of Computer Science| journal = Journal of the ACM| volume = 16| pages = 3| year = 1969| last1 = Hamming | first1 = R. W. }}</ref>
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![[1969]]
!1969
|[[Marvin Minsky]]
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Marvin Minsky]]
|[[Yapay zekâ]]nın oluşturulması, biçimlendirilmesi ve geliştirilmesine yönelik kayda değer etkilerinden dolayı<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1145/321574.321575| title = Form and Content in Computer Science (1970 ACM turing lecture)| journal = Journal of the ACM| volume = 17| issue = 2| pages = 197| year = 1970| last1 = Minsky | first1 = M. }}</ref>
|''[[Yapay zekâ]]''
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![[1970]]
!1970
|[[James H. Wilkinson]]
|{{flagicon|GBR}} [[James H. Wilkinson]]
|Yüksek hızlı sayısal bilgisayarların kullanımını kolaylaştıran [[sayısal analiz]] çalışmaları ile [[doğrusal cebir]] ve geriye dönük hata analizine yaptığı katkılardan dolayı<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1145/321637.321638| title = Some Comments from a Numerical Analyst| journal = Journal of the ACM| volume = 18| issue = 2| pages = 137| year = 1971| last1 = Wilkinson | first1 = J. H. }}</ref>
|''Çalışmaları [[sayısal analiz]] içinde yüksek hızlı dijital bilgisayar kullanımına olanak sağladı ve bilgisayım,[[doğrusal cebir]] ve geriye dönük hata analizleri üzerinde de çalışmaları vardır.''
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![[1971]]
!1971
|[[John McCarthy (computer scientist)|John McCarthy]]
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[John McCarthy (bilgisayar bilimcisi)|John McCarthy]]
|McCarthy'nin çalışma alanındaki bilinirliğini ortaya koyan "The Present State of Research on Artificial Intelligence" başlıklı konuşması<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1145/33447.33448| title = Generality in artificial intelligence| journal = Communications of the ACM| volume = 30| issue = 12| pages = 1030| year = 1987| last1 = McCarthy | first1 = J. | url = http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/generality.ps }}</ref>
|''Dr. McCarthy's lecture "The Present State of Research on [[Artificial Intelligence]]" is a topic that covers the area in which he has achieved considerable recognition for his work''
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![[1972]]
!1972
|[[Edsger Dijkstra]]
|{{flagicon|NED}} [[Edsger Dijkstra]]
|Edsger Dijkstra 1950'lerde [[ALGOL]] adlı yüksek düzey [[programlama dili]]ne en çok katkı yapan kişilerden biridir. Programlama dillerine genel anlamda katkı sunmuş olan ilk bilim insanları arasındadır ve bunların yapısı, tanımı ve uygulaması konusundaki çalışmalarıyla bilinir. Dijkstra'nın on beş yılı bulan yayım geçmişi [[çizge kuramı]]na ilişkin kuramsal makalelerden el kitaplarına, açıklayıcı metinlerden programlama dilleri konulu felsefi gözlemlere uzanmaktadır.<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1145/355604.361591| title = The humble programmer| journal = Communications of the ACM| volume = 15| issue = 10| pages = 859| year = 1972| last1 = Dijkstra | first1 = E. W. }}</ref>
|''Edsger Dijkstra was a principal contributor in the late 1950's to the development of the [[ALGOL]], a high level [[programming language]] which has become a model of clarity and mathematical rigor. He is one of the principal exponents of the science and art of [[programming language]]s in general, and has greatly contributed to our understanding of their structure, representation, and implementation. His fifteen years of publications extend from theoretical articles on graph theory to basic manuals, expository texts, and philosophical contemplations in the field of programming languages''
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![[1973]]
!1973
|[[Charles Bachman|Charles W. Bachman]]
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Charles Bachman|Charles W. Bachman]]
|[[Veritabanı]] teknolojisine yaptığı büyük katkılardan dolayı<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1145/355611.362534| title = The programmer as navigator| journal = Communications of the ACM| volume = 16| issue = 11| pages = 653| year = 1973| last1 = Bachman | first1 = C. W. }}</ref>
|''Veritabanı [[teknoloji]]sine olan büyük katkılarından dolayı''
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![[1974]]
!1974
|[[Donald Knuth|Donald E. Knuth]]
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Donald Knuth|Donald E. Knuth]]
|[[Algoritma]] çözümlemesi ve programlama dili tasarımı konusundaki değerli çalışmaları ile özellikle "[[The Art of Computer Programming]]" adlı kitabı dolayısıyla<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1145/361604.361612| title = Computer programming as an art| journal = Communications of the ACM| volume = 17| issue = 12| pages = 667| year = 1974| last1 = Knuth | first1 = D. E. }}</ref>
|''For his major contributions to the analysis of algorithms and the design of programming languages, and in particular for his contributions to "[[The Art of Computer Programming]]" through his well-known books in a continuous series by this title''
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![[1975]]
!1975
|[[Allen Newell]] and [[Herbert Simon|Herbert A. Simon]]
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Allen Newell]]<br />{{flagicon|USA}} [[Herbert Simon|Herbert A. Simon]]
|[[RAND Corporation]]'da [[J. C. Shaw]]'la, [[Carnegie Mellon Üniversitesi]]'nde fakülte üyeleri ve öğrencilerle yürütülen çalışmalar sonucunda yapay zekâ, insanın bilişsel yapısı ve [[liste işleme]] konusundaki katkılarından dolayı<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1145/360018.360022| title = Computer science as empirical inquiry: Symbols and search| journal = Communications of the ACM| volume = 19| issue = 3| pages = 113| year = 1976| last1 = Newell | first1 = A. | last2 = Simon | first2 = H. A. }}</ref>
|''In joint scientific efforts extending over twenty years, initially in collaboration with J. C. Shaw at the [[RAND|RAND Corporation]], and subsequentially with numerous faculty and student colleagues at [[Carnegie Mellon University]], they have made basic contributions to [[artificial intelligence]], the psychology of human cognition, and list processing''
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![[1976]]
!1976
|[[Michael O. Rabin]] and [[Dana Scott|Dana S. Scott]]
|{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Michael O. Rabin]]<br />{{flagicon|USA}} [[Dana Scott|Dana S. Scott]]
|[[Deterministik olmayan sonlu durum makinesi|Deterministik olmayan sonlu durum makinelerinin]] geliştirilmesine önayak olan "Finite Automata and Their Decision Problem" adlı makaleleri dolayısıyla.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Rabin | first1 = M. O. | last2 = Scott | first2 = D. | doi = 10.1147/rd.32.0114 | title = Finite Automata and Their Decision Problems | journal = IBM Journal of Research and Development | volume = 3 | issue = 2 | pages = 114 | year = 1959 | pmid = | pmc = }}</ref> Scott ve Rabin'in klasik makalesi bu alandaki diğer çalışmalara esin kaynağı olmuştur.<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1145/359810.359816| title = Complexity of computations| journal = Communications of the ACM| volume = 20| issue = 9| pages = 625| year = 1977| last1 = Rabin | first1 = M. O. }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1145/359810.359826| title = Logic and programming languages| journal = Communications of the ACM| volume = 20| issue = 9| pages = 634| year = 1977| last1 = Scott | first1 = D. S. }}</ref>
|''For their joint paper "Finite Automata and Their Decision Problem," which introduced the idea of [[nondeterministic machine]]s, which has proved to be an enormously valuable concept. Their (Scott & Rabin) classic paper has been a continuous source of inspiration for subsequent work in this field''
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![[1977]]
!1977
|[[John Backus]]
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[John Backus]]
|[[FORTRAN]] gibi yüksek düzey programlama dillerine yaptığı etkileyici katkıları ve programlama dillerinin temel niteliklerine ilişkin resmî yordamlar konulu yayınlarından dolayı<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1145/359576.359579| title = Can programming be liberated from the von Neumann style?: A functional style and its algebra of programs| journal = Communications of the ACM| volume = 21| issue = 8| pages = 613| year = 1978| last1 = Backus | first1 = J. }}</ref>
|''For profound, influential, and lasting contributions to the design of practical high-level programming systems, notably through his work on [[FORTRAN]], and for seminal publication of formal procedures for the specification of [[programming language]]s''
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![[1978]]
!1978
|[[Robert Floyd|Robert W. Floyd]]
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Robert Floyd|Robert W. Floyd]]
|Verimli ve güvenilir yazılımlar oluşturma yöntemleri konusundaki çalışmaları ile [[bilgisayar bilimi]]nin şu alt dallarının kurulmasına yaptığı katkıları dolayısıyla: [[ayrıştırma]] kuramı, programlama dilleri [[anlam bilimi]], otomatik [[program doğrulama]], [[otomatik programlama]] ve [[algoritma çözümlemesi]]<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Floyd | first1 = R. W. | title = The paradigms of programming | url = http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=359140&ftid=289772&dwn=1&CFID=285645736&CFTOKEN=55009136| doi = 10.1145/359138.359140 | journal = Communications of the ACM | volume = 22 | issue = 8 | pages = 455 | year = 1979 }}</ref>
|''For having a clear influence on methodologies for the creation of efficient and reliable software, and for helping to found the following important subfields of [[computer science]]: the theory of [[parsing]], the [[semantics]] of programming languages, automatic [[program verification]], [[automatic programming|automatic program synthesis]], and [[analysis of algorithms]]''
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![[1979]]
!1979
|[[Kenneth E. Iverson]]
|{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Kenneth E. Iverson]]
|Günümüzde [[APL (programlama dili)|APL]] olarak bilinen dala zemin hazırlayan çalışmaları, etkileşimli sistemler, programlama dili kuramı ve uygulamasına yaptığı katkılardan dolayı<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1145/358896.358899| title = Notation as a tool of thought| journal = Communications of the ACM| volume = 23| issue = 8| pages = 444| year = 1980| last1 = Iverson | first1 = K. E. }}</ref>
|''For his pioneering effort in programming languages and mathematical notation resulting in what the computing field now knows as [[APL (programming language)|APL]], for his contributions to the implementation of interactive systems, to educational uses of APL, and to programming language theory and practice''
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![[1980]]
!1980
|[[C. A. R. Hoare|C. Antony R. Hoare]]
|{{flagicon|GBR}} [[C. A. R. Hoare|C. Antony R. Hoare]]
|''[[Programlama dili]] tanımı ve tasarımı alanına olan temel katkılarından dolayı''
|Programlama dili tanımı ve tasarımı alanındaki önemli katkılarından dolayı<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1145/358549.358561| title = The emperor's old clothes| journal = Communications of the ACM| volume = 24| issue = 2| pages = 75| year = 1981| last1 = Hoare | first1 = C. A. R. }}</ref>
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![[1981]]
!1981
|[[Edgar F. Codd]]
|{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Edgar F. Codd]]
|Veritabanı yönetim sistemleri (özellikle [[İlişkisel veritabanı|ilişkisel veritabanları]]) kuram ve uygulamaları konusundaki önemli katkılarından dolayı<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Codd | first1 = E. F. | authorlink1 = Edgar F. Codd| title = Relational database: A practical foundation for productivity | doi = 10.1145/358396.358400 | journal = Communications of the ACM | volume = 25 | issue = 2 | pages = 109 | year = 1982 }}</ref>
|''For his fundamental and continuing contributions to the theory and practice of database management systems'', esp. [[relational database]]s
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![[1982]]
!1982
|[[Stephen A. Cook]]
|{{flagicon|USA}}{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Stephen A. Cook]]
|''For his advancement of our understanding of the complexity of computation in a significant and profound way''
|''For his advancement of our understanding of the complexity of computation in a significant and profound way''
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![[1983]]
!1983
|[[Ken Thompson]] and [[Dennis Ritchie|Dennis M. Ritchie]]
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Ken Thompson]]<br />{{flagicon|USA}} [[Dennis Ritchie|Dennis M. Ritchie]]
|''Genel işletim sistemi teorisinin geliştirilmesi ve bu teorinin [[Unix|UNIX]] [[işletim sistemi]] olarak gerçekleştirilmesi.''
|''Genel işletim sistemi teorisinin geliştirilmesi ve bu teorinin [[Unix|UNIX]] [[işletim sistemi]] olarak gerçekleştirilmesi.''
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![[1984]]
!1984
|[[Niklaus Wirth]]
|{{flagicon|CHE}} [[Niklaus Wirth]]
|''For developing a sequence of innovative computer languages, [[Euler programming language|EULER]], [[Algol-W|ALGOL-W]], [[Modula|MODULA]] and [[PASCAL]]''
|''For developing a sequence of innovative computer languages, [[Euler programming language|EULER]], [[Algol-W|ALGOL-W]], [[Modula|MODULA]] and [[PASCAL]]''
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![[1985]]
!1985
|[[Richard M. Karp]]
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Richard M. Karp]]
|''For his continuing contributions to the theory of algorithms including the development of efficient algorithms for network flow and other combinatorial optimization problems, the identification of polynomial-time computability with the intuitive notion of algorithmic efficiency, and, most notably, contributions to the theory of [[NP-complete]]ness''
|''For his continuing contributions to the theory of algorithms including the development of efficient algorithms for network flow and other combinatorial optimization problems, the identification of polynomial-time computability with the intuitive notion of algorithmic efficiency, and, most notably, contributions to the theory of [[NP-complete]]ness''
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![[1986]]
!1986
|[[John Hopcroft]] and [[Robert Tarjan]]
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[John Hopcroft]]<br />{{flagicon|USA}} [[Robert Tarjan]]
|''For fundamental achievements in the design and analysis of algorithms and data structures''
|''For fundamental achievements in the design and analysis of algorithms and data structures''
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![[1987]]
!1987
|[[John Cocke]]
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[John Cocke]]
|''For significant contributions in the design and theory of compilers, the architecture of large systems and the development of reduced instruction set computers ([[RISC]])''
|''For significant contributions in the design and theory of compilers, the architecture of large systems and the development of reduced instruction set computers ([[RISC]])''
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![[1988]]
!1988
|[[Ivan Sutherland]]
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Ivan Sutherland]]
|''For his pioneering and visionary contributions to [[computer graphics]], starting with [[Sketchpad]], and continuing after''
|''For his pioneering and visionary contributions to [[computer graphics]], starting with [[Sketchpad]], and continuing after''
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![[1989]]
!1989
|[[William Kahan|William (Velvel) Kahan]]
|{{flagicon|CAN}} [[William Kahan]]
|''For his fundamental contributions to [[numerical analysis]]. One of the foremost experts on [[floating point|floating-point]] computations. Kahan has dedicated himself to "making the world safe for numerical computations."''
|''For his fundamental contributions to [[numerical analysis]]. One of the foremost experts on [[floating point|floating-point]] computations. Kahan has dedicated himself to "making the world safe for numerical computations."''
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![[1990]]
!1990
|[[Fernando J. Corbató]]
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Fernando J. Corbató]]
|''For his pioneering work organizing the concepts and leading the development of the general-purpose, large-scale, [[time-sharing]] and resource-sharing computer systems, [[CTSS]] and [[Multics]].''
|''For his pioneering work organizing the concepts and leading the development of the general-purpose, large-scale, [[time-sharing]] and resource-sharing computer systems, [[CTSS]] and [[Multics]].''
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![[1991]]
!1991
|[[Robin Milner]]
|{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Robin Milner]]
|''For three distinct and complete achievements: 1) [[LCF theorem prover|LCF]], the mechanization of Scott's Logic of Computable Functions, probably the first theoretically based yet practical tool for [[automated theorem proving|machine assisted proof construction]]; 2) [[ML programming language|ML]], the first language to include polymorphic [[type inference]] together with a [[type safety|type-safe]] [[exception handling|exception-handling]] mechanism; 3) [[calculus of communicating systems|CCS]], a general theory of [[concurrency (computer science)|concurrency]]. In addition, he formulated and strongly advanced [[full abstraction]], the study of the relationship between [[operational semantics|operational]] and [[denotational semantics|denotational]] [[semantics]].''
|''For three distinct and complete achievements: 1) [[LCF theorem prover|LCF]], the mechanization of Scott's Logic of Computable Functions, probably the first theoretically based yet practical tool for [[automated theorem proving|machine assisted proof construction]]; 2) [[ML programming language|ML]], the first language to include polymorphic [[type inference]] together with a [[type safety|type-safe]] [[exception handling|exception-handling]] mechanism; 3) [[calculus of communicating systems|CCS]], a general theory of [[concurrency (computer science)|concurrency]]. In addition, he formulated and strongly advanced [[full abstraction]], the study of the relationship between [[operational semantics|operational]] and [[denotational semantics|denotational]] [[semantics]].''
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![[1992]]
!1992
|[[Butler W. Lampson]]
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Butler W. Lampson]]
|''For contributions to the development of distributed, personal computing environments and the technology for their implementation: [[workstation]]s, [[computer network|networks]], [[operating system]]s, programming systems, [[computer display|displays]], [[computer security|security]] and [[word processor|document publishing]].''
|''For contributions to the development of distributed, personal computing environments and the technology for their implementation: [[workstation]]s, [[computer network|networks]], [[operating system]]s, programming systems, [[computer display|displays]], [[computer security|security]] and [[word processor|document publishing]].''
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![[1993]]
!1993
|[[Juris Hartmanis]] and [[Richard E. Stearns]]
|{{flagicon|LAT}} [[Juris Hartmanis]]<br />{{flagicon|USA}} [[Richard E. Stearns]]
|''In recognition of their seminal paper which established the foundations for the field of [[computational complexity theory]].''
|''In recognition of their seminal paper which established the foundations for the field of [[computational complexity theory]].''
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![[1994]]
!1994
|[[Edward Feigenbaum]] and [[Raj Reddy]]
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Edward Feigenbaum]]<br />{{flagicon|USA}} [[Raj Reddy]]
|''For pioneering the design and construction of large scale artificial intelligence systems, demonstrating the practical importance and potential commercial impact of artificial intelligence technology.''
|''For pioneering the design and construction of large scale artificial intelligence systems, demonstrating the practical importance and potential commercial impact of artificial intelligence technology.''
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![[1995]]
!1995
|[[Manuel Blum]]
|{{flagicon|VEN}} [[Manuel Blum]]
|''In recognition of his contributions to the foundations of [[computational complexity theory]] and its application to [[cryptography]] and [[program verification|program checking]].''
|''In recognition of his contributions to the foundations of [[computational complexity theory]] and its application to [[cryptography]] and [[program verification|program checking]].''
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![[1996]]
!1996
|[[Amir Pnueli]]
|{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Amir Pnueli]]
|''For seminal work introducing [[temporal logic]] into computing science and for outstanding contributions to program and systems [[formal verification|verification]].''
|''For seminal work introducing [[temporal logic]] into computing science and for outstanding contributions to program and systems [[formal verification|verification]].''
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![[1997]]
!1997
|[[Douglas Engelbart]]
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Douglas Engelbart]]
|''For an inspiring vision of the future of interactive computing and the invention of key technologies to help realize this vision.''
|''For an inspiring vision of the future of interactive computing and the invention of key technologies to help realize this vision.''
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![[1998]]
!1998
|[[Jim Gray (computer scientist)|Jim Gray]]
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Jim Gray (bilgisayar bilimcisi)|Jim Gray]]
|''For seminal contributions to [[database]] and [[transaction processing]] research and technical leadership in system implementation.''
|''For seminal contributions to [[database]] and [[transaction processing]] research and technical leadership in system implementation.''
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![[1999]]
!1999
|[[Frederick P. Brooks|Frederick P. Brooks, Jr.]]
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Frederick P. Brooks|Frederick P. Brooks, Jr.]]
|''For landmark contributions to [[computer architecture]], [[operating systems]], and [[software engineering]].''
|''For landmark contributions to [[computer architecture]], [[operating systems]], and [[software engineering]].''
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![[2000]]
!2000
|[[Andrew Chi-Chih Yao]]
|{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Andrew Chi-Chih Yao]]
|''In recognition of his fundamental contributions to the [[theory of computation]], including the complexity-based theory of [[pseudorandom number generator|pseudorandom number generation]], [[cryptography]], and [[communication complexity]].''
|''In recognition of his fundamental contributions to the [[theory of computation]], including the complexity-based theory of [[pseudorandom number generator|pseudorandom number generation]], [[cryptography]], and [[communication complexity]].''
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![[2001]]
!2001
|[[Ole-Johan Dahl]] and [[Kristen Nygaard]]
|{{flagicon|NOR}} [[Ole-Johan Dahl]]<br />{{flagicon|NOR}} [[Kristen Nygaard]]
|''For ideas fundamental to the emergence of [[object-oriented programming]], through their design of the programming languages [[Simula I]] and [[Simula 67]].''
|''For ideas fundamental to the emergence of [[object-oriented programming]], through their design of the programming languages [[Simula I]] and [[Simula 67]].''
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![[2002]]
!2002
|[[Ron Rivest|Ronald L. Rivest]], [[Adi Shamir]] and [[Leonard Adleman|Leonard M. Adleman]]
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Ron Rivest|Ronald L. Rivest]]<br />{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Adi Shamir]]<br />{{flagicon|USA}} [[Leonard Adleman|Leonard M. Adleman]]
|''For their ingenious contribution for making [[public-key cryptography]] useful in practice.''
|''For their ingenious contribution for making [[public-key cryptography]] useful in practice.''
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![[2003]]
!2003
|[[Alan Kay]]
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Alan Kay]]
|''For pioneering many of the ideas at the root of contemporary [[object-oriented programming language]]s, leading the team that developed [[Smalltalk]], and for fundamental contributions to personal computing.''
|''For pioneering many of the ideas at the root of contemporary [[object-oriented programming language]]s, leading the team that developed [[Smalltalk]], and for fundamental contributions to personal computing.''
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![[2004]]
!2004
|[[Vinton G. Cerf]] and [[Robert E. Kahn]]
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Vinton G. Cerf]]<br />{{flagicon|USA}} [[Robert E. Kahn]]
|''For pioneering work on [[internetworking]], including the design and implementation of the [[İnternet]]'s basic communications protocols, [[TCP/IP]], and for inspired leadership in networking.''
|''For pioneering work on [[internetworking]], including the design and implementation of the [[İnternet]]'s basic communications protocols, [[TCP/IP]], and for inspired leadership in networking.''
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![[2005]]
!2005
|[[Peter Naur]]
|{{flagicon|DEN}} [[Peter Naur]]
|''For fundamental contributions to [[programming language]] design and the definition of [[Algol 60]], to [[compiler]] design, and to the art and practice of computer programming.''
|''For fundamental contributions to [[programming language]] design and the definition of [[Algol 60]], to [[compiler]] design, and to the art and practice of computer programming.''
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![[2006]]
!2006
|[[Fran Allen|Frances E. Allen]]
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Fran Allen|Frances E. Allen]]
|''For contributions that fundamentally improved the performance of computer programs in solving problems, and accelerated the use of [[high performance computing]].''
|''For contributions that fundamentally improved the performance of computer programs in solving problems, and accelerated the use of [[high performance computing]].''
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![[2007]]
!2007
|[[Edmund M. Clarke]], [[E. Allen Emerson]] and [[Joseph Sifakis]]
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Edmund M. Clarke]]<br />{{flagicon|USA}} [[E. Allen Emerson]]<br />{{flagicon|GRE}} [[Joseph Sifakis]]
|''For [their roles] in developing [[Model checking|Model-Checking]] into a highly effective verification technology, widely adopted in the hardware and software industries.''
|''For [their roles] in developing [[Model checking|Model-Checking]] into a highly effective verification technology, widely adopted in the hardware and software industries.''
|-
|-
![[2008]]
!2008
|[[Barbara Liskov]]
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Barbara Liskov]]
|''For contributions to practical and theoretical foundations of programming language and system design, especially related to data abstraction, fault tolerance, and distributed computing.''
|''For contributions to practical and theoretical foundations of programming language and system design, especially related to data abstraction, fault tolerance, and distributed computing.''
|-
|-
![[2009]]
!2009
|[[Charles P. Thacker]]
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Charles P. Thacker]]
|''For the pioneering design and realization of the first modern personal computer – the Alto at Xerox PARC – and seminal inventions and contributions to local area networks (including the Ethernet), multiprocessor workstations, snooping cache coherence protocols, and tablet personal computers.''
|''For the pioneering design and realization of the first modern personal computer – the Alto at Xerox PARC – and seminal inventions and contributions to local area networks (including the Ethernet), multiprocessor workstations, snooping cache coherence protocols, and tablet personal computers.''
|-
|-
![[2010]]
!2010
|[[Leslie Valiant]]
|{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Leslie Valiant]]
|''For transformative contributions to the theory of computation, including the theory of probably approximately correct (PAC) learning, the complexity of enumeration and of algebraic computation, and the theory of parallel and distributed computing.''
|''For transformative contributions to the theory of computation, including the theory of probably approximately correct (PAC) learning, the complexity of enumeration and of algebraic computation, and the theory of parallel and distributed computing.''
|-
!2011
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Judea Pearl]]<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Pearl | first1 = Judea | last2 = | first2 = | year = 2011 | title = The Mechanization of Causal Inference: A "mini" Turing Test and Beyond | journal = ACM Turing award lectures | volume = | issue = | pages = | publisher = ACM | isbn = 978-1-4503-1049-9 | jstor = | doi = 10.1145/1283920.2351636 | url = http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1283920.2351636 | format = mp4 | accessdate = | doi-broken-date = 2017-08-22 }}</ref>
|For fundamental contributions to artificial intelligence through the development of a calculus for probabilistic and causal reasoning.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/pearl_2658896.cfm |title=Judea Pearl |publisher=ACM}}</ref>
|-
!2012
|{{flagicon|USA}}{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Silvio Micali]]<br /> [[Shafi Goldwasser]]
|For transformative work that laid the complexity-theoretic foundations for the science of cryptography and in the process pioneered new methods for efficient verification of mathematical proofs in complexity theory.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.acm.org/press-room/news-releases/2013/turing-award-12/ |title=Turing award 2012 |publisher=ACM}}</ref>
|-
!2013
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Leslie Lamport]]
|For fundamental contributions to the theory and practice of distributed and concurrent systems, notably the invention of concepts such as causality and logical clocks, safety and liveness, replicated state machines, and sequential consistency.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/lamport_1205376.cfm |title=Turing award 2013 |publisher=ACM}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Lamport | first1 = L. |authorlink1=Leslie Lamport| title = Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system | doi = 10.1145/359545.359563 | journal = [[Communications of the ACM ]]| volume = 21 | issue = 7 | pages = 558–565| year = 1978 | url=http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf}}</ref>
|-
!2014
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Michael Stonebraker]]
|For fundamental contributions to the concepts and practices underlying modern database systems.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/stonebraker_1172121.cfm |title=Turing award 2014 |publisher=ACM}}</ref>
|-
!2015
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Martin E. Hellman]]<br />{{flagicon|USA}} [[Whitfield Diffie]]
| For fundamental contributions to modern cryptography. Diffie and Hellman's groundbreaking 1976 paper, "New Directions in Cryptography,"<ref name="DiffieHellman1976">{{cite journal|last1=Diffie|first1=W.|last2=Hellman|first2=M.|title=New directions in cryptography|journal=IEEE Transactions on Information Theory|volume=22|issue=6|year=1976|pages=644–654|url=https://www-ee.stanford.edu/~hellman/publications/24.pdf|doi=10.1109/TIT.1976.1055638}}</ref> introduced the ideas of public-key cryptography and digital signatures, which are the foundation for most regularly-used security protocols on the internet today.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/diffie_8371646.cfm|title=Cryptography Pioneers Receive 2015 ACM A.M. Turing Award| publisher=ACM}}</ref>
|-
!2016
|{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tim Berners-Lee]]
|For inventing the [[World Wide Web]], the first [[web browser]], and the fundamental protocols and algorithms allowing the Web to scale.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/berners-lee_8087960.cfm|title=Turing award 2016 |publisher=ACM}}</ref>
|}
|}


Sayfanın 20.22, 17 Kasım 2017 tarihindeki hâli

ACM Turing Ödülü
Stephen Kettle tarafından yapılan Alan Turing heykeli (Bletchley Park, İngiltere)
AçıklamaBilgisayar bilimine yapılan önemli katkılar
DağıtanAssociation for Computing Machinery (ACM)
Tarih1966 (58 yıl önce) (1966)
ÜlkeAmerika Birleşik Devletleri
Kazanç1.000.000 Amerikan doları[1]
Son verildiği yılTim Berners-Lee (2016)
Resmî sitesiamturing.acm.org

Turing Ödülü, modern bilgisayar biliminin kurucularından sayılan Alan M. Turing anısına, 1966'dan beri her yıl Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) tarafından bilişim dünyasına katkıda bulunanlara verilen bir ödüldür. Ödüle değer görülen katkılarda "kalıcı olma ve bilgisayar bilimi dünyasına önemli bir etki yapma" koşulu aranmaktadır.[2] Bilişim konulu en önemli ödül olduğu düşünülen[3][4] Turing Ödülü bilgisayar dünyasının Nobel'i olarak da anılmaktadır.[5][6]

Ödül, adını Manchester Üniversitesi'nde reader olarak çalışan Britanyalı matematikçi ve yazar Alan M. Turing'den almıştır. Alan Turing kuramsal bilgisayar bilimi ve yapay zekanın kurucusu olarak kabul edilmektedir.[7] Her yıl ACM Awards Banquet'te sahibini bulan Turing Ödülü'ne değer görülen araştırmacılar ACM konferanslarına konuşmacı olarak katılma hakkını da elde etmektedirler.

Turing Ödülü 2003 yılına değin 25.000 dolarlık maddi desteği içermiştir. Para ödülü 2003 yılında 100.000 dolar, 2007-2013 yılları arasında ise 250.000 dolar olmuş ve Intel ile Google tarafından sağlanmıştır.[2] 2014'te ise para ödülü 1 milyon dolara çıkarılmış[1] ve Google tarafından karşılanmaya başlamıştır.[8]

50 yılı aşkın tarihinde ilk ödül 1966 yılında Carnegie Mellon Üniversitesi'nden Alan Perlis tarafından alınırken 2006 yılında IBM'den Frances E. Allen bu ödülü alan ilk kadın olmuştur.[9] 1975 yılında ise ödül ilk kez birden çok araştırmacıya (yapay zekâ konulu araştırmaları için Allen Newell ve Herbert A. Simon'a) verilmiştir.

Ödül sahipleri

Yıllara göre

Yıl Kazanan Açıklama
1966 Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Alan J. Perlis Programlama ve derleyici tasarımı alanına yaptığı katkılardan dolayı[10]
1967 Birleşik Krallık Maurice V. Wilkes Profesör Wilkes dahili program saklayabilen ilk bilgisayar olan EDSAC'ın tasarımcısı ve mimarı olarak bilinir. 1949 yılında EDSAC bir mercury delay line memory kullandı. Ayrıca, Wilkes 1951 yılında yazılan "Preparation of Programs for Electronic Digital Computers" kitabının yazarlarından biridir ve bu kitap program kütüphanelerini iyi bir biçimde tanıtmıştır.[11]
1968 Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Richard Hamming Hata bulma ve düzeltme kodları, otomatik kodlama dizgeleri ve sayısal yöntemler konusundaki çalışmalarından dolayı[12]
1969 Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Marvin Minsky Yapay zekânın oluşturulması, biçimlendirilmesi ve geliştirilmesine yönelik kayda değer etkilerinden dolayı[13]
1970 Birleşik Krallık James H. Wilkinson Yüksek hızlı sayısal bilgisayarların kullanımını kolaylaştıran sayısal analiz çalışmaları ile doğrusal cebir ve geriye dönük hata analizine yaptığı katkılardan dolayı[14]
1971 Amerika Birleşik Devletleri John McCarthy McCarthy'nin çalışma alanındaki bilinirliğini ortaya koyan "The Present State of Research on Artificial Intelligence" başlıklı konuşması[15]
1972 Hollanda Edsger Dijkstra Edsger Dijkstra 1950'lerde ALGOL adlı yüksek düzey programlama diline en çok katkı yapan kişilerden biridir. Programlama dillerine genel anlamda katkı sunmuş olan ilk bilim insanları arasındadır ve bunların yapısı, tanımı ve uygulaması konusundaki çalışmalarıyla bilinir. Dijkstra'nın on beş yılı bulan yayım geçmişi çizge kuramına ilişkin kuramsal makalelerden el kitaplarına, açıklayıcı metinlerden programlama dilleri konulu felsefi gözlemlere uzanmaktadır.[16]
1973 Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Charles W. Bachman Veritabanı teknolojisine yaptığı büyük katkılardan dolayı[17]
1974 Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Donald E. Knuth Algoritma çözümlemesi ve programlama dili tasarımı konusundaki değerli çalışmaları ile özellikle "The Art of Computer Programming" adlı kitabı dolayısıyla[18]
1975 Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Allen Newell
Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Herbert A. Simon 		RAND Corporation'da J. C. Shaw'la, Carnegie Mellon Üniversitesi'nde fakülte üyeleri ve öğrencilerle yürütülen çalışmalar sonucunda yapay zekâ, insanın bilişsel yapısı ve liste işleme konusundaki katkılarından dolayı[19]
1976 İsrail Michael O. Rabin
Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Dana S. Scott 		Deterministik olmayan sonlu durum makinelerinin geliştirilmesine önayak olan "Finite Automata and Their Decision Problem" adlı makaleleri dolayısıyla.[20] Scott ve Rabin'in klasik makalesi bu alandaki diğer çalışmalara esin kaynağı olmuştur.[21][22]
1977 Amerika Birleşik Devletleri John Backus FORTRAN gibi yüksek düzey programlama dillerine yaptığı etkileyici katkıları ve programlama dillerinin temel niteliklerine ilişkin resmî yordamlar konulu yayınlarından dolayı[23]
1978 Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Robert W. Floyd Verimli ve güvenilir yazılımlar oluşturma yöntemleri konusundaki çalışmaları ile bilgisayar biliminin şu alt dallarının kurulmasına yaptığı katkıları dolayısıyla: ayrıştırma kuramı, programlama dilleri anlam bilimi, otomatik program doğrulama, otomatik programlama ve algoritma çözümlemesi[24]
1979 Kanada Kenneth E. Iverson Günümüzde APL olarak bilinen dala zemin hazırlayan çalışmaları, etkileşimli sistemler, programlama dili kuramı ve uygulamasına yaptığı katkılardan dolayı[25]
1980 Birleşik Krallık C. Antony R. Hoare Programlama dili tanımı ve tasarımı alanındaki önemli katkılarından dolayı[26]
1981 Birleşik Krallık Edgar F. Codd Veritabanı yönetim sistemleri (özellikle ilişkisel veritabanları) kuram ve uygulamaları konusundaki önemli katkılarından dolayı[27]
1982 Amerika Birleşik DevletleriKanada Stephen A. Cook For his advancement of our understanding of the complexity of computation in a significant and profound way
1983 Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Ken Thompson
Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Dennis M. Ritchie 		Genel işletim sistemi teorisinin geliştirilmesi ve bu teorinin UNIX işletim sistemi olarak gerçekleştirilmesi.
1984 İsviçre Niklaus Wirth For developing a sequence of innovative computer languages, EULER, ALGOL-W, MODULA and PASCAL
1985 Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Richard M. Karp For his continuing contributions to the theory of algorithms including the development of efficient algorithms for network flow and other combinatorial optimization problems, the identification of polynomial-time computability with the intuitive notion of algorithmic efficiency, and, most notably, contributions to the theory of NP-completeness
1986 Amerika Birleşik Devletleri John Hopcroft
Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Robert Tarjan 		For fundamental achievements in the design and analysis of algorithms and data structures
1987 Amerika Birleşik Devletleri John Cocke For significant contributions in the design and theory of compilers, the architecture of large systems and the development of reduced instruction set computers (RISC)
1988 Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Ivan Sutherland For his pioneering and visionary contributions to computer graphics, starting with Sketchpad, and continuing after
1989 Kanada William Kahan For his fundamental contributions to numerical analysis. One of the foremost experts on floating-point computations. Kahan has dedicated himself to "making the world safe for numerical computations."
1990 Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Fernando J. Corbató For his pioneering work organizing the concepts and leading the development of the general-purpose, large-scale, time-sharing and resource-sharing computer systems, CTSS and Multics.
1991 Birleşik Krallık Robin Milner For three distinct and complete achievements: 1) LCF, the mechanization of Scott's Logic of Computable Functions, probably the first theoretically based yet practical tool for machine assisted proof construction; 2) ML, the first language to include polymorphic type inference together with a type-safe exception-handling mechanism; 3) CCS, a general theory of concurrency. In addition, he formulated and strongly advanced full abstraction, the study of the relationship between operational and denotational semantics.
1992 Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Butler W. Lampson For contributions to the development of distributed, personal computing environments and the technology for their implementation: workstations, networks, operating systems, programming systems, displays, security and document publishing.
1993 Letonya Juris Hartmanis
Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Richard E. Stearns 		In recognition of their seminal paper which established the foundations for the field of computational complexity theory.
1994 Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Edward Feigenbaum
Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Raj Reddy 		For pioneering the design and construction of large scale artificial intelligence systems, demonstrating the practical importance and potential commercial impact of artificial intelligence technology.
1995 Venezuela Manuel Blum In recognition of his contributions to the foundations of computational complexity theory and its application to cryptography and program checking.
1996 İsrail Amir Pnueli For seminal work introducing temporal logic into computing science and for outstanding contributions to program and systems verification.
1997 Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Douglas Engelbart For an inspiring vision of the future of interactive computing and the invention of key technologies to help realize this vision.
1998 Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Jim Gray For seminal contributions to database and transaction processing research and technical leadership in system implementation.
1999 Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Frederick P. Brooks, Jr. For landmark contributions to computer architecture, operating systems, and software engineering.
2000 Çin Andrew Chi-Chih Yao In recognition of his fundamental contributions to the theory of computation, including the complexity-based theory of pseudorandom number generation, cryptography, and communication complexity.
2001 Norveç Ole-Johan Dahl
Norveç Kristen Nygaard 		For ideas fundamental to the emergence of object-oriented programming, through their design of the programming languages Simula I and Simula 67.
2002 Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Ronald L. Rivest
İsrail Adi Shamir
Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Leonard M. Adleman 		For their ingenious contribution for making public-key cryptography useful in practice.
2003 Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Alan Kay For pioneering many of the ideas at the root of contemporary object-oriented programming languages, leading the team that developed Smalltalk, and for fundamental contributions to personal computing.
2004 Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Vinton G. Cerf
Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Robert E. Kahn 		For pioneering work on internetworking, including the design and implementation of the İnternet's basic communications protocols, TCP/IP, and for inspired leadership in networking.
2005 Danimarka Peter Naur For fundamental contributions to programming language design and the definition of Algol 60, to compiler design, and to the art and practice of computer programming.
2006 Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Frances E. Allen For contributions that fundamentally improved the performance of computer programs in solving problems, and accelerated the use of high performance computing.
2007 Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Edmund M. Clarke
Amerika Birleşik Devletleri E. Allen Emerson
Yunanistan Joseph Sifakis 		For [their roles] in developing Model-Checking into a highly effective verification technology, widely adopted in the hardware and software industries.
2008 Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Barbara Liskov For contributions to practical and theoretical foundations of programming language and system design, especially related to data abstraction, fault tolerance, and distributed computing.
2009 Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Charles P. Thacker For the pioneering design and realization of the first modern personal computer – the Alto at Xerox PARC – and seminal inventions and contributions to local area networks (including the Ethernet), multiprocessor workstations, snooping cache coherence protocols, and tablet personal computers.
2010 Birleşik Krallık Leslie Valiant For transformative contributions to the theory of computation, including the theory of probably approximately correct (PAC) learning, the complexity of enumeration and of algebraic computation, and the theory of parallel and distributed computing.
2011 Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Judea Pearl[28] For fundamental contributions to artificial intelligence through the development of a calculus for probabilistic and causal reasoning.[29]
2012 Amerika Birleşik Devletleriİsrail Silvio Micali
Shafi Goldwasser 		For transformative work that laid the complexity-theoretic foundations for the science of cryptography and in the process pioneered new methods for efficient verification of mathematical proofs in complexity theory.[30]
2013 Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Leslie Lamport For fundamental contributions to the theory and practice of distributed and concurrent systems, notably the invention of concepts such as causality and logical clocks, safety and liveness, replicated state machines, and sequential consistency.[31][32]
2014 Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Michael Stonebraker For fundamental contributions to the concepts and practices underlying modern database systems.[33]
2015 Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Martin E. Hellman
Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Whitfield Diffie 		For fundamental contributions to modern cryptography. Diffie and Hellman's groundbreaking 1976 paper, "New Directions in Cryptography,"[34] introduced the ideas of public-key cryptography and digital signatures, which are the foundation for most regularly-used security protocols on the internet today.[35]
2016 Birleşik Krallık Tim Berners-Lee For inventing the World Wide Web, the first web browser, and the fundamental protocols and algorithms allowing the Web to scale.[36]

Uluslara göre

Ulus Ödül sayısı
 ABD 40
 Birleşik Krallık 8
 İsrail 4
 Norveç 2
 Kanada 2
 Çin 1
 Danimarka 1
 Letonya 1
 Hollanda 1
  İsviçre 1
 Venezuela 1
 Yunanistan 1
 Hindistan 1

Ayrıca bakınız

Kaynakça

  1. ^ a b Cacm Staff (2014). "ACM's Turing Award prize raised to $1 million". Communications of the ACM. 57 (12): 20. doi:10.1145/2685372. 
  2. ^ a b "A. M. Turing Award". ACM. Erişim tarihi: 16 Kasım 2017. 
  3. ^ Dasgupta, Sanjoy; Papadimitriou, Christos; Vazirani, Umesh (2008). Algorithms. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-352340-8. , s. 317
  4. ^ Bibliography of Turing Award lectures, DBLP
  5. ^ Steven Geringer (27 Temmuz 2007). "ACM'S Turing Award Prize Raised To $250,000". ACM press release. Erişim tarihi: 16 Kasım 2017. 
  6. ^ Brown, Bob (6 Haziran 2011). "Why there's no Nobel Prize in Computing". Network World. Erişim tarihi: 16 Kasım 2017. 
  7. ^ Homer, Steven and Alan L. (2001). Computability and Complexity Theory. Springer via Google Books limited view. s. 35. ISBN 0-387-95055-9. Erişim tarihi: 16 Kasım 2017. 
  8. ^ "ACM's Turing Award Prize Raised to $1 Million". ACM. Erişim tarihi: 16 Kasım 2017. 
  9. ^ "First Woman to Receive ACM Turing Award" (Basın açıklaması). The Association for Computing Machinery. 21 Şubat 2007. Erişim tarihi: 16 Kasım 2017. 
  10. ^ Perlis, A. J. (1967). "The Synthesis of Algorithmic Systems". Journal of the ACM. 14: 1. doi:10.1145/321371.321372. 
  11. ^ Wilkes, M. V. (1968). "Computers then and Now". Journal of the ACM. 15: 1. doi:10.1145/321439.321440. 
  12. ^ Hamming, R. W. (1969). "One Man's View of Computer Science". Journal of the ACM. 16: 3. doi:10.1145/321495.321497. 
  13. ^ Minsky, M. (1970). "Form and Content in Computer Science (1970 ACM turing lecture)". Journal of the ACM. 17 (2): 197. doi:10.1145/321574.321575. 
  14. ^ Wilkinson, J. H. (1971). "Some Comments from a Numerical Analyst". Journal of the ACM. 18 (2): 137. doi:10.1145/321637.321638. 
  15. ^ McCarthy, J. (1987). "Generality in artificial intelligence". Communications of the ACM. 30 (12): 1030. doi:10.1145/33447.33448. 
  16. ^ Dijkstra, E. W. (1972). "The humble programmer". Communications of the ACM. 15 (10): 859. doi:10.1145/355604.361591. 
  17. ^ Bachman, C. W. (1973). "The programmer as navigator". Communications of the ACM. 16 (11): 653. doi:10.1145/355611.362534. 
  18. ^ Knuth, D. E. (1974). "Computer programming as an art". Communications of the ACM. 17 (12): 667. doi:10.1145/361604.361612. 
  19. ^ Newell, A.; Simon, H. A. (1976). "Computer science as empirical inquiry: Symbols and search". Communications of the ACM. 19 (3): 113. doi:10.1145/360018.360022. 
  20. ^ Rabin, M. O.; Scott, D. (1959). "Finite Automata and Their Decision Problems". IBM Journal of Research and Development. 3 (2): 114. doi:10.1147/rd.32.0114. 
  21. ^ Rabin, M. O. (1977). "Complexity of computations". Communications of the ACM. 20 (9): 625. doi:10.1145/359810.359816. 
  22. ^ Scott, D. S. (1977). "Logic and programming languages". Communications of the ACM. 20 (9): 634. doi:10.1145/359810.359826. 
  23. ^ Backus, J. (1978). "Can programming be liberated from the von Neumann style?: A functional style and its algebra of programs". Communications of the ACM. 21 (8): 613. doi:10.1145/359576.359579. 
  24. ^ Floyd, R. W. (1979). "The paradigms of programming". Communications of the ACM. 22 (8): 455. doi:10.1145/359138.359140. 
  25. ^ Iverson, K. E. (1980). "Notation as a tool of thought". Communications of the ACM. 23 (8): 444. doi:10.1145/358896.358899. 
  26. ^ Hoare, C. A. R. (1981). "The emperor's old clothes". Communications of the ACM. 24 (2): 75. doi:10.1145/358549.358561. 
  27. ^ Codd, E. F. (1982). "Relational database: A practical foundation for productivity". Communications of the ACM. 25 (2): 109. doi:10.1145/358396.358400. 
  28. ^ Pearl, Judea (2011). "The Mechanization of Causal Inference: A "mini" Turing Test and Beyond" (mp4). ACM Turing award lectures. ACM. doi:10.1145/1283920.2351636 (kapalı 2017-08-22). ISBN 978-1-4503-1049-9. 
  29. ^ "Judea Pearl". ACM. 
  30. ^ "Turing award 2012". ACM. 
  31. ^ "Turing award 2013". ACM. 
  32. ^ Lamport, L. (1978). "Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system" (PDF). Communications of the ACM . 21 (7): 558–565. doi:10.1145/359545.359563. 
  33. ^ "Turing award 2014". ACM. 
  34. ^ Diffie, W.; Hellman, M. (1976). "New directions in cryptography" (PDF). IEEE Transactions on Information Theory. 22 (6): 644–654. doi:10.1109/TIT.1976.1055638. 
  35. ^ "Cryptography Pioneers Receive 2015 ACM A.M. Turing Award". ACM. 
  36. ^ "Turing award 2016". ACM. 

Dış bağlantılar

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