Dil sıralaması
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| Türkçeleştir | Bu maddenin içeriğinin Türkçeleştirilmesi veya Türkçe dilbilgisi ve kuralları doğrultusunda düzeltilmesi gerekmektedir. (Yabancı sözcükler yerine Türkçe karşılıklarının kullanılması, karakter hatalarının düzeltilmesi, dilbilgisi hatalarının düzeltilmesi vs.) Düzenleme yapıldıktan sonra bu şablon kaldırılmalıdır. |
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Bu liste, dillerin, o dili ana dili olarak konuşan insan sayısına göre listesidir. Her dilin tanımı kendine özgü olduğundan, ortak deyimler bazı farklı kültürel standartlarla ve kendini tanımlama ile farklı dallara ayrılmıştır.Bunlar: İskandinav dilleri, Hintçe, Almanca, Afrikaner dili, Endonezya dili, Malezyaca, Hırvatça, Boşnakça ve Sırpça'dır.
Listede kullanılan yerel konuşmacı sayıları SIL Ethnologue tarafından desteklenmektedir.
100 milyondan çok yerel konuşanı olan diller [değiştir]
| Dil | Ailesi | Etnoloji[1] | Encarta[2] | Diğer | Sıra[3] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Çin-Tibet Dil Ailesi, Çince |
845,234,000 | 800,000,000[4] | Yabancı dil olarak konuşanlar dahil 1052 milyon(Etnoloji, 1999[5])/ 1151 milyon (982 yerel, 179 yabancı)[6] Ayrıca Birleşmiş Milletler'in 6 resmi dilinden biridir. | 1 |
| İspanyolca | Hint-Avrupa dil ailesi, İtalik diller, Roman dilleri, Batı İtalik, Gallo-İtalik, İber-Kafkas, Batı İber |
329,000,000 | 358,000,000[7] | Yabancı dil olarak konuşanlar dahil 417 milyon(Etnoloji 1999).[8]/ 2009'da 500 milyondan fazlaydı.[9] Ayrıca Birleşmiş Milletler'in 6 resmi dilinden biridir. | 2 |
| İngilizce | Hint-Avrupa dil ailesi, Germen dilleri, Batı Germen, Anglo-Frizce, İngiliz dilleri |
328,000,000 | 350,000,000[10] | Yabancı dil olarak konuşanlar dahil 508 milyon[11] Ayrıca Birleşmiş Milletler'in 6 resmi dilinden biridir. | 3 |
| Urduca | Hint-Avrupa dil ailesi, Hint-İran, Hint-Aryan, Merkez Bölge (İsrail), Batı Hint Adaları, Khariboli |
182,000,000 Hindi, 60,600,000 Urdu |
200,000,000 Hindi,[12] 40,000,000 Urdu[13] |
487 milyon (Hintçe ve Urducanın tüm kollarıyla birlikte 366 milyon + 1999'da 120 milyon ikinci dil olarak konuşan [14])/ 484.5 milyon (258 milyon properly Hindi, 422 milyon Hintçe ve Urducanın 51,5 tüm kolları according to Indian Census 2001[15] + 11 million Urdu speakers in 1993 census of Pakistan[16])/ 552 million currently. 473.5 million of 1,028 million spoken some variety of Hindi or Urdu according to Indian Census (46%).[17] In Pakistan 7.57% speak Urdu.[18] Currently the population of India is 1,173 million[19] and 168 million[20] is currently the population of Pakistan. (294.4 million speak properly Hindi as a first language): 422 million of 1,028 million spoken Hindi according to the 2001 Indian census [21]. | 4 |
| Arapça | Afro-Asyatik diller, Sami dil ailesi |
221,000,000* | 150,000,000[22] |
Yabancı dil olarak konuşanlar dahil 246 milyon (Ethnologue, 1999)[23] Ayrıca Birleşmiş Milletler'in 6 resmi dilinden biridir. |
5 |
| Bengalce | Hint-Avrupa, Hint-İran, Hint-Ari |
181,000,000 | 170,000,000[24] | Yabancı dil olarak konuşanlar dahil 211 milyon. Bangladeş'te resmî dil (Ethnologue, 1999[25]) and one of the official languages of India for state of West Bengal and Tripura. | 6 |
| Portekizce | Hint-Avrupa dil ailesi, İtalik diller, Roman dilleri, Batı İtalik, Gallo-İtalik, İber-Kafkas, Batı İber, Galician-Portuguese |
178,000,000 | 150,000,000[26] | Yabancı dil olarak konuşanlar dahil 191 milyon(Etnoloji, 1999[27]) Başka bir kaynağa görede 220 milyon kişinin anadili, 20 milyon kişinin ikinci dili olmak üzere toplam 240 milyon kişi tarafından konuşulur[28] | 7 |
| Rusça | Hint-Avrupa, Slav, Doğu Slav |
144,000,000 | 160,000,000[29] | Yabancı dil olarak konuşanlar dahil 277 milyon (Etnoloji, 1999[30])/ Ayrıca Birleşmiş Milletler'in 6 resmi dilinden biridir.[31] | 8 |
| Japonca | Ural Altay Dil Ailesi, Altay Kolu, tartışmalı |
122,000,000 | 126,000,000[32] | 130 milyon kişinin anadili, 2 milyon kişinin ikinci dili olmak üzere toplam 132 milyon kişi tarafından konuşulur | 9 |
50 milyondan 100 milyona kadar yerel konuşanı olan diller [değiştir]
| Dil | Ailesi | Etnoloji (tahminî)[1] | Encarta (tahminî)[2] | Other estimates | Tahminî sıra[3] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Almanca | Hint-Avrupa, Germen, Batı Germen | 90,300,000 | 100,000,000[33] | 101 milyon native (82 milyon Germany Standard German, 8 milyon Austrian Standard German, 5 milyon Swiss Standard German), 60 milyon second language in EU[34] + 5–20 milyon worldwide. Almanya, Avusturya, İsviçre, Liechtenstein, Lüxemburg, Belçika ve Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol'de Resmî dil | 10 |
| Cavaca | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Sunda-Sulawesi | 84,600,000 | 70,000,550[35] | Java (Indonesia), Peninsular Malaysia, Suriname, New Caledonia | 11 |
| Pencapça | Hint-Avrupa, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | 78,300,000 | 70,000,000[36] | Both counts include the two Lahnda dialects of Western Punjabi and Siraiki 61–62 milyon (2000 WCD) (taken together with Eastern Punjabi (28 milyon): approx. Toplam 90 milyon) | 12 |
| Wu | Çin-Tibet, Çince | 77,200,000 | 90,000,000[37] | Shanghai; most of Zhejiang province; southern Jiangsu province; Xuancheng prefecture-level city of Anhui province; Shangrao County, Guangfeng County and Yushan County, Jiangxi province; Pucheng County, Fujian province; North Point, Hong Kong | 13 |
| Teluguca | Dravidian, South Central | 69,800,000 | Official Language in the Indian state Of Andhra Pradesh. Also, significant communities in other parts of India, the United States, UK, Australia, South Africa, Canada, New Zealand, Fiji, Malaysia, Singapore, Mauritius, the United Arab Emirates & Bahrain. 74,002,856 (2001 census)[38] | 14 | |
| Marathice | Hint-Avrupa, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Southern |
68,100,000 | 70,000,000[39] | Indian census:71,936,894 68 milyon native, 3 milyon yabancı dil = Toplam 71 milyon |
15 |
| Fransızca | Hint-Avrupa, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Gallo-Iberian, Gallo-Romance | 67,800,000 | 70,000,000[40] | 128 million “native and real speakers" (includes 64,473,140 French people) and 72 million "bilinguals". More than 200 million total both native and second language.[41][42] French is the 8th most common language used on the internet.[43][44][45] It is also one of the six official languages of the United Nations.[31] | 16 |
| Vietnamca | Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Vietic | 68,600,000 | 60,000,000[46] | 70 million native, perhaps up to 16 million second language, = ~86 million total | 17 |
| Korece | izole dil | 66,300,000 | 60,000,000[47] | 49,000,000 in South Korea (2010). Population total all countries 72,000,000 (2010 WA) | 18 |
| Tamilce | Dravidian | 65,700,000 | 50,000,000[48] | Official Language in Indian State of Tamil Nadu, Malaysia, Singapore, Sri Lanka. Significant communities in other parts of India, the United States, UK, Australia, South Africa, Canada, UAE, Mauritius, Myanmar, Thailand, Indonesia and Fiji Indian census:60,793,814 78 million[49] |
19 |
| İtalyanca | Hint-Avrupa, Italic, Romance | 61,700,000 | 60,000,000[50] | Official language in Italy, Switzerland, San Marino and Vatican City | 20 |
| Türkçe | Altay dilleri, Türk dilleri, Oğuz dilleri | 75,000,000[51] | 77,000,000[52] | Yabancı dil olarak konuşanlar dahil 112,000,000. Türkiye ve KKTC'nin resmi dili olup; ayrıca Almanya,İsviçre, Bulgaristan, Fransa, Birleşik Krallık(İngiltere)ve Kosova'daki Türk nüfusu tarafından da konuşulur. | 21 |
| Cantonese/Yue | Sino-Tibetan, Chinese | 55,500,000 | 70,000,000[53] | Official Language in Hong Kong and Macau; spoken in Hong Kong, Macau, Guangdong Province, China and widely spoken in overseas Chinese communities | 22 |
10 milyondan 50 milyona kadar yerel konuşanı olan dilller [değiştir]
| Dil | Ailesi | Ethnoloji est.[1] | Encarta | Diğer | Tahminî sıra[3] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Peştuca | Hint-Avrupa, Hint-İran, Iranian, Eastern Iranian | 49,529,000[54] | 26,811,657 | Official in Afghanistan. Native to Pakistan. Significant communities in Iran, United Arab Emirates. 40-60 million total[55][55][56][57] | 23 |
| Tagalogca (including Filipino) |
Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Philippine | 48.9 million | 17 million (2006) | Official in Philippines (in the form of Filipino). Significant communities in Australia, Canada, People’s Republic of China (Hong Kong), Japan, Korea, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, United States (California, Guam, Hawaii, Northern Mariana Islands). ~49 million native[kaynak belirtilmeli], ~51 million second language = ~100 million total |
24 |
| Guceratça | Hint-Avrupa, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | 46.5 million | 46.1 million | Official language in the Indian state of Gujarat and also spoken in Pakistan, Bangladesh, the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia and in other states in India | 25 |
| Min | Sino-Tibetan, Chinese | 46,200,000 | -- | Southern Min: 49m, Northern Min 10.43m | 26 |
| Maithili | Hint-Avrupa, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | 45,000,000 | 24,191,900 | 27 | |
| Lehçe | Hint-Avrupa, Slavic, West Slavic | 40,000,000 | 44 million | 28 | |
| Ukraynaca | Hint-Avrupa, Slavic, East Slavic | 39,400,000 | 47 million | Yabancı dil olarak konuşanlar dahil 47,000,000 | 29 |
| Malayca | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Sunda-Sulawesi, Malayic | 39,100,000 | 23.6 million (2006) | Official in Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore. Native to Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand. Significant communities in Australia, Bahrain. 18 million native, 270 million second language (includes the mutually intelligible Bahasa Indonesia) |
30 |
| Bhojpuri | Hint-Avrupa, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | 38,500,000 | 26,254,000 | 31 | |
| Kannada | Dravidian, Karnataka, Southern - India | 38,400,000 | 38,400,000 | 38 million native, 9 million second language, = 47 million total | 32 |
| Xiang | Sino-Tibetan, Chinese | 36,000,000 | 33 | ||
| Malayalam | Dravidian, Kerala, Southern - India | 35,706,000 | 35,706,000 | Official Language in the Indian state Of Kerala. Also, significant communities in other parts of India, the United States, the UK, Australia, South Africa, Canada, New Zealand, Fiji, Malaysia, Singapore, Mauritius, the United Arab Emirates, and Bahrain. 74,002,856 (2001 census)[38] Indian census:33,066,392 | 34 |
| Sundaca | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Sunda-Sulawesi | 34,000,000 | 27 million | Official in West Java (Indonesia) | 35 |
| Burmaca | Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Lolo-Burmese | 32,300,000 | 32,300,000 | 50-56 million total speakers, including 18 to 23 million as second language (Myanmar Language Commission) | 36 |
| Oriya | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | 31,700,000 | 32.3 million | Oriya is an official language of India and is spoken by over 35 million people all over the world. Indian Census:33,017,446 | 37 |
| Farsça | Hint-Avrupa, Hint-İran, Iranian | 31.3 million[58] | 31.3 million [59] | 63 million (Encyclopedia of Orient)[60] 59.4 million 2009 CIA Factbook (Afghan Persian, Iranian Persian and Tajiki are considered dialects of one language);[61][62][63][64][65]. ca. 60-70 million, as their mother tongue (2006 estimates)[66][67][68][69][70]. | 38 |
| Berberice (excluding Tuareg Berber) | Afro-Asiatic, Berber | 30,000,000 (Total of its constituent dialects and regional varieties: Central Atlas Tamazight, Tarifit, Tashelhit, Kabylian, Tashawit and others.[71]) | -- | Berber is a recognized national language in Algeria but is not official; Mali and Niger recognize Tuareg Berber as a national language; Berber is recognized to exist by Morocco's government and media but is neither official nor accepted in government offices and judiciary; Libyan government doesn't accept its existence as a language; Berber is unrecognized by Mauritanian and Tunisian governments. Large migrant communities in Europe of around 1.5 million, mainly in France, the Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, Italy, and Germany. | 39 |
| Hakka | Sino-Tibetan, Chinese | 30,000,000 | -- | 40 | |
| Hausa | Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West Chadic | 24,200,000 | 24.2 million (2006) | Official in Niger, official in Nigeria. Significant communities in Chad, Benin, Ghana, Sudan 24 million native, ~15 million second language, = ~39 million total |
41 |
| Azerice | Altayik, Türkçe, Oğuz | 20.1 milyon[72][73] | 31.4 million[59] | Yabancı dil olarak konuşanlar dahil 40 milyon. Azerbaycan Cumhuriyetinin resmi dili. Azerbaycanda 9 milyon kişinin konuşduğu dildir. . 25–35 million native, including Qashqai (data for Iran is very uncertain); 8 million second language (outside Iran); - 12.7 million (Iraq 0.6 million (1982), Suria 0.03 million (1961), Turkey 0.53 million; Azerbaijani, Iran 17 milyon (2010) 24%[75][76];
Azerbaijani, North 7.5 million (2007)[77]; Azerbaijani, Qashqai 1.5 million (1997)[78];Azerbaijani,29.170 million[79] |
42 |
| Endonezce (also known as Bahasa Indonesia) |
Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian | 23.2 million | 17.1 million | national language in Indonesia over 140 million second language speakers per Ethnologue. Almost 100% of the population of Indonesia speaks Bahasa Indonesia, a dialect of Malay. |
43 |
| Romence | Hint-Avrupa, Italic, Romance | 23,400,000 | 26,265,555 | Official in Moldova, Romania, Serbia (Vojvodina). Significant communities in Greece, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Spain, Ukraine. 26 million native,[2] 4 million second language. The total is about 30 million.[80] |
44 |
| Felemenkçe | Indo-European, Germanic, West Germanic | 21,700,000 | 20 million (2006) | 25 million[34][81] Official in Belgium, Kingdom of the Netherlands, Suriname. Significant communities in the United States, Canada, Australia, Indonesia, and South Africa (excluding Afrikaans). | 45 |
| Gan | Sino-Tibetan, Chinese | 21 million | -- | 48 million, 29 million in Jiangxi[82] | 46 |
| Tayca | Kradai, Tai | 46.3 million (2006) | 46.1 million (2006) | Encarta includes Northern, Northeastern and Southern Thai as well as Central whereas ethnologue Thai is just Central Thai ~31 million native (1983 SIL, 1990 Diller, 2000 WCD) (dated data), = ~60 million first and second language (2001 A. Diller). Includes Southern Thai, Northern Thai/Western Lao, but not Shan, Isan, or Lao. |
47 |
| Yorubaca | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Defoid, Yoruboid | 20,000,000 | 20 million (2006) | Official in Nigeria. | 48 |
| Sindhî | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | 19,720,000 | 19,720,000 (2006) | Official in Pakistan, India. Significant communities in People’s Republic of China (Hong Kong), UK, Philippines Oman. 17 million native, 13 million second language, = 30 million total (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk) | 49 |
| Özbekçe | Altaic, Turkic, Eastern Turkic | 18,466,000 | 20.1 million (2006) | Official in Uzbekistan. Native to Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan | 50 |
| İgbo | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Igboid | 18 million | 18 million | Official in Nigeria unknown number second language. |
51 |
| Saraiki | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | 19,720,000 | 19,720,000 (2006) | Official in Pakistan, India. Significant communities in People’s Republic of China (Hong Kong), UK, Philippines Oman. 17 million native, 13 million second language, = 30 million total (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk) | 52 |
| Amharic | Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, South | 17,413,000 | 17.4 million (2006) | Official in Ethiopia. Significant communities in Israel.27 million native (32.7% Ethiopia [1994 census] and 2.7 million emigrants), 10% (7 million) as a second language = 34 million total | 53 |
| Nepali | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | 16,056,000 | 16,056,000 | Official in Nepal, India (Sikkim). Significant communities in Bhutan.approx. 30 million in Nepal, 16 million as native tongue and 15 million as a second language (2006) | 54 |
| Kürtçe | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern | 10,600,000 | Kurdish is absent from Encarta's list of "Languages Spoken by More Than 10 Million People" | Official in Iraq. Native to Armenia, Iran, Syria, Turkey. Significant communities in Germany, Lebanon. Some sources estimate there to be approximately 40 million Kurdish speakers 30 million only in the mideast.[83] | 55 |
| Cebuano | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo-Philippines | 15.8 million | 15 million (2006) | Native to Philippines 18.5 million native, ~11.5 million second language, = 30 million total (2000 census) |
56 |
| Assamca | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | 15,334,000 | 15,374,000 | Official in India (Assam). Significant communities in Bhutan and Bangladesh. Assamese is spoken and/or understood by almost everyone in the state of Assam. Assam had a population of 26.7 million in 2003-04. So, Assamese has another 8-10 million second language speakers. Assamese is also understood and spoken widely in Arunachal Pradesh, which has a population of 1.1 million. These are mostly second or third language speakers. Various tribes in Nagaland, with a population of 2 million, use Nagamese, a variant of Assamese, for communication. Thus, a total of approximately, 28-30 million people speak and understand Assamese. | 57 |
| Madagaskarca | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Bornean, Barito | 15 million | 10.5 million (2006) | Official in Madagascar. Significant communities in Mayotte. 17 million |
58 |
| Macarca | Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Ugric | 14,500,000 | 14.5 million (2006) | Official in Hungary, Serbia (Vojvodina), Slovenia, Austria. Significant communities in Romania, Slovakia, Ukraine, United States, Israel 14 million native (1995) |
59 |
| Zhuang | Kradai, Tai | 14 million | 14 million | Official in People's Republic of China (Guangxi) 14 million native (1992), unknown number second language |
60 |
| Maduraca | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Sunda-Sulawesi | 13,694,000 | 13,694,000 | Native to Indonesia (Originally Java, Madura) | 61 |
| Seylanca | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | 15,650,000 | 15.6 million (2006) | Official in Sri Lanka. Significant communities in United Arab Emirates 13 million native, 2.6 million second language, = 15.6 million total (1993) |
62 |
| Sırpça | Indo-European, Slavic, South | 10.5 million (In Countries where it is official language: Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro). Significant communities (2.5 million) in Croatia, Republic of Macedonia, Romania, ABD, Austria, Germany, France and Australia. | 13 million (worldwide 2010) | Up to 11 million more with Serbian as Second Language - Total 24 million | 63 |
| Yunanca | Indo-European, Greek | 12 million | 12 million | Official in Greece, Cyprus. Significant communities in Albania, Australia, Canada, Egypt, France, Georgia, Germany, Italy, Russia, South Africa, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, and the United States. 12 million (2004), up to 10–12 million more second language |
64 |
| Fula/Fulfulde | Niger-Congo, Atlantic, Northern, Senegambian | ~13 million (all varieties) | 11,428,700 | Official in Niger, Nigeria. National language in Guinea, Mali, Mauritania, Senegal. Significant communities in Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mauritania, Sierra Leone. | 65 |
| Çekçe | Indo-European, Slavic, West Slavic | 12 million (2006) | 12 million (1990 WA). | Official in Czech Republic. | 66 |
| Shona | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | 7,000,000 | 14 million | National language of Zimbabwe. Significant communities in Botswana, Mozambique. 15 million native, 1.8 million second language, = 16–17 million total, including Ndau, Manyika (2000 A. Chebanne) |
67 |
| Oromo | Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic, East Cushitic | split into different dialects in their consideration | 17.2 million (2006) | National language of Ethiopia. Significant communities in Kenya 24 million native (31.6% of Ethiopia [1994 census]), ~2 million second language, = 26 million total (1998 census) |
68 |
/ref> || 26,811,657 ||
1 milyondan 10 milyona kadar yerel konuşanı olan diller [değiştir]
| Dil | Ailesi | Official status and where spoken natively by more than 1% of the population | SIL estimate[84] | Number of speakers | Estimated ranking[3] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Somalice | Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic, East Cushitic | Official in Somalia. Native to Ethiopia, Kenya, Kenya, Djibouti. Significant communities in Canada, Denmark, the Netherlands, Norway, Saudi Arabia, Sweden, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, the United States, Yemen, and Japan. 10-16 milyon yerel ve at least 500,000 second-language speakers.milyon (2004 WCD) | 9.8 milyon (2006) | 69 | ||
| Zuluca | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Official in South Africa. Significant communities in Lesotho, Swaziland | 9.6 milyon (2006) | 9.6 milyon native, ~16 milyon ikinci dil, = ~25 milyon toplam (1996 census) | 70 | |
| Quechua | Quechuan | Official in Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru. Significant communities in Argentina | 8.3 milyon (2006) | 10.4 milyon, all varieties | 71 | |
| Kazakça | Altay, Türkçe, Kuzeybatı, Güney | Kazakistan'da resmî dil. Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti'nde konuşma dili (Xinjiang), Rusya, Moğolistan, Türkmenistan, Özbekistan | 8.2 milyon (2006) | 12 milyon | 72 | |
| Tibetçe | Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Tibeto-Kanauri | Official in People's Republic of China (Tibet Autonomous Region and part of Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu). Significant communities in India | 7.1 million (2006) | 7.6 million | 73 | |
| Çevaca (Nyanja) | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Official in Malawi, Zambia. Significant communities in Mozambique, Zimbabwe. | 9.3 million native (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk), 0.4 million second language (1999 WA), = 9.7 million total | 74 | ||
| Haitian Creole | Indo-European, Romance, Creole | Official in Haiti. Significant communities in Bahamalar, Canada (Quebec), Cuba, Cayman Islands (UK), Dominican Republic, France (Guadeloupe), United States (Connecticut, Florida, New Jersey, Massachusetts, New York). | 7.4 million (2006) | 12 million (2005) | 75 | |
| Beyaz Rusça | Indo-European, Slavic, East Slavic | Official in Belarus. Significant communities in Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Ukraine, Poland, Russia | 10.2 million (2006) | 9.1 million (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk) | 76 | |
| Lombard | Indo-European, Romance | Native to Italy | -- | 5 million Western Lombard + 3 million Eastern Lombard + others = 9.13 million (Ethnologue 2006) | 77 | |
| İsveççe | Indo-European, Germanic, North | National language of Sweden. National language in Finland. | ~10 million (2006) | 8.8 million (1986), ~10 million (2005) | 78 | |
| Akan | Niger-Congo, Kwa | National language in Ghana | 7 million (2006) | 8.3 million native, ~1 million second language, = ~10 million total (2004 SIL) | 79 | |
| Tshiluba | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | National language of Congo-Kinshasa | 7.8 million native, 0.7 million second language, = 8.5 million total (1991 UBS). Includes 1.5 million Kiluba. | 80 | ||
| Ilokano | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo-Philippines | Philippines. Significant communities in United States (Hawaii). | 8 million (2006) | 7.7 million native (2000 census), ~2.3 second language = 10 million total | 81 | |
| Uygurca | Altaic, Turkic, Southeastern, Eastern | Official in People's Republic of China (Xinjiang). Significant communities in Kazakhstan | 7.6 million (2006) | 7.6 million | 82 | |
| Napolice | Indo-European, Romance | Native to Italy | -- | 7.5 million native | 83 | |
| Bulgarca | Indo-European, Slavic, South | Official in Bulgaria. Significant communities in Moldova, Ukraine, the Republic of Macedonia, Greece, Germany, Italy, Spain, UK, ABD | 9 million (2006) | 7.7 million in Bulgaria (2005) and ~1 million abroad = 8.5 million native | 84 | |
| Arnavutça | Indo-European, isolate | Official in Albania, KosovoSignificant communities in Greece ,Montenegro , Macedonia, Italy. | 7.6 million | 3.6 million (data from Albania) | 85 | |
| Ruandaca | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Official in Rwanda. Significant communities in Congo-Kinshasa, Uganda | 7.3 million (1998) | 86 | ||
| Kmerce | Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Khmer | 7,039,200 | 8 million (2006) | Official in Cambodia. Significant communities in Thailand, United States (California), Vietnam 14 million native, 1 million second language, = 15 million total (2004) |
87 | |
| Xhosa | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Official in South Africa. Significant communities in Lesotho | 6.9 million (2006) | 7.2 million (1996 census) | 88 | |
| Beluci | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian | Native to Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan. Significant communities in Oman, United Arab Emirates | 7 million (2006) | 7.0 million (1998) | 89 | |
| Hiligaynon | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo-Philippines | Philippines | 7 million (2006) | 6.9 million (2000 census), est. 4.1 million second language = ~11 million total | 90 | |
| Afrikanca | Indo-European, Germanic, West Germanic | Official in South Africa. Significant communities in Namibia, Botswana, Australia, New Zealand, Canada and United Kingdom. | 6.0 million (2006) | 6.0 million native, 10.3 million second language, = 16 million total (1996 census) | 91 | |
| İbranice | Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, North Central | Official in Israel. Significant communities in ABD (New York, California) and Canada (Ontario, Montreal). | 5.5 million (2006) | Up to 10 million speakers including second language speakers. | 92 | |
| Hırvatça | Indo-European, Slavic, South | Official language in; Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro. Significant communities in Austria, Germany, Hungary, Romania, Slovenia. | 6.2 million (1996) | Up to 7-8 million speakers including second language speakers. | 93 | |
| Tigrinya | Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, South | Official in Eritrea, Ethiopia | 5.1 million (2006) | 4.5 million in Ethiopia (6% of population (1994 census)), ~2.25 million in Eritrea (50% of population (CIA)), = 6.75 million native, 146,934 as second language (1994 census), = 6.9 million total | 94 | |
| Katalanca | Indo-European, Romance | Official and Native to Andorra, Spain (Balearic Islands, Catalonia, Valencia, Aragon (La Franja), France (Pyrénées-Orientales), Italy (Alghero). | 6.6 million (2006) | 6.7 million native, ~5 million second language, = ~12 million total (1996) (includes Valencian) | 95 | |
| Minangkabau | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Sunda-Sulawesi, Malayic | Indonesia (Sumatra) | 6.5 million (2006) | 6.5 million (1981 Moussay) (dated data) | 96 | |
| Türkmence | Altaic, Turkic, Southwestern, Eastern | Official in Turkmenistan. Significant communities in Afghanistan, Iran. | 6.4 million (2006) | 6.4 million (1995) | 97 | |
| Kongo | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | National language in Angola, Congo-Brazzaville (Kituba), Congo-Kinshasa. | 4.7 million (2006) | 8.7 million, all varieties, including Yombe and creolized Kituba (1986–2002) (dated data) | 98 | |
| Tacikçe | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian | Official in Tajikistan. Significant communities in Uzbekistan | 4.4 million. | 7.9-17 million native (estimates vary due to lack of official data, moreover these exclude Tajiks of Afghanistan) | 99 | |
| Makhuwa | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Major language of Mozambique. Significant communities in Tanzania | 2.5 million (2006) | 6.4 million, all varieties, including Lomwe | 100 | |
| Santali | Austro-Asiatic, Munda | Official in India | 6.2 million (2006) | 6.2 million (1997) | 101 | |
| Ermenice | Indo-European, isolate | Official in Armenia. Significant communities in Russia, ABD, Georgia, Iran, Lebanon, Syria, France and Turkey. | 6 million (2006) | 6.7 million (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk, etc.) | 102 | |
| Moğolca | Altaic, Mongolian | Official in People's Republic of China (Inner Mongolia), Mongolia | 5.7 million (2006) | 5.7 million | 103 | |
| Bhili | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | India | 1.3 million (2006) | 5.6 million, all varieties (1994). Includes 1.6 million Wagdi, etc. | 104 | |
| Danca | Indo-European, Germanic, North | Official in Denmark, Faroe Islands (Denmark). Significant communities in Germany (Southern Schleswig) and Greenland. | 5.3 million (2006) | 5.5 million (2009) | 105 | |
| Fince | Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Finnic | Official in Finland. Significant communities in Sweden and Estonia. | 6.1 million (2006) | 5.4 million (1993) | 106 | |
| Tatarca | Altaic, Turkic, Northwestern, Northern | Official in Russia (Tatarstan). Significant communities in Bashkortostan, Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan | 5.7 million (1989 USSR census),[85][86] at least 5.34 million (2002 census: ethnic Tatars in Russia only)[87] | 107 | ||
| Gikuyu | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Major language of Kenya | 5.4 million (2006) | 5.3 million (1994 I. Larsen BTL) | 108 | |
| Slovakça | Indo-European, Slavic, West Slavic | Official in Slovakia and Vojvodina district of Serbia. | 5.6 million (2006) | 5.0 million (1990 WA) | 109 | |
| More | Niger-Congo, Gur | National language of Burkina Faso | 5.1 million (2006) | ~5 million (1991) | 110 | |
| Guarani | Tupi | Official in Paraguay. Significant communities in Argentina. | 5.1 million (2006) | 4.9 million (1995) | 111 | |
| Swahili | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Official in Congo-Kinshasa, Kenya, Tanzania. Significant communities in Comoros, Mayotte, Oman | 5 million (2006) | ~5 million native, ~80 million second language | 112 | |
| Southern Quechua | Quechuan | Official in Peru, Bolivia | ~5,000,000 | 113 | ||
| Kirundi | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Official in Burundi. | 4.9 million (1986) (dated data) | 114 | ||
| Sesotho (southern) | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Official in Lesotho, South Africa. | 4.9 million (1996 census) | 115 | ||
| Sicilyaca | Indo-European, Italic, Romance | Official in Sicily, Italy | 4.83 million (2000) | 116 | ||
| Romani | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | Significant communities in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Iran, Ireland, Macedonia, Montenegro, the Netherlands, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Turkey, and the United States | 3.1 million (2006) | 4.8 million, all varieties, including Domari (data for Vlax 2002–2004; for Domari 2000 WCD). | 117 | |
| Norveççe | Indo-European, Germanic, North | Official in Norway. Significant communities in the United States. | 5 million (2006) | 4.7 million (2006, Statistics Norway) | 118 | |
| Pahari-Potwari | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | Pakistan: Areas of Pakistani administered Kashmir e.g. Mirpur District, Rawalpindi. Dialects include Pahari (Dhundi-Kairali), Pothwari (Potwari), Chibhali, Pindiwali, Punchhi (Poonchi), and Mirpuri.[88] (Mirpuri can also refer to Mirpur Punjabi, a Lahnda language. Pahari-Potwari is related to Punjabi. | 4.7 million, all varieties | 119 | ||
| Tibetçe | Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Bodic | Official in People's Republic of China (Tibet, Qinghai, parts of Sichuan, Gansu) | 1.3 million (2006) | 4.6 million, all varieties | 120 | |
| Kanuri | Nilo-Saharan, Saharan | Official in Niger, Nigeria. Significant communities in Chad (Kanembu) | 4.4 million native, 0.5 million second language, = 4.9 million total (data mostly from 1985) (dated data) | 121 | ||
| Kashmiri | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | Official in and native to India. | 4.5 million (2006) | 4.6 million (1997) | 122 | |
| Bikol | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo-Philippines | Philippines | 3.3 million (2006) | 4.5 native, all varieties (2000 census), unknown number second language | 123 | |
| Yi | Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Burmic | People's Republic of China | 4.2 million (2006) | 7.8 million ethnic Yi (2000 census) | 124 | |
| Gürcüce | Kartvelian | Official in Georgia. Significant communities in Israel. | 4.1 million (2006) | 4.2 million (1993 UBS) | 125 | |
| Qusqu-Qullaw | Quechuan | Official in Peru (Cusco and Puno departments) Also spoken in Bolivia, Argentina | 4 million | 126 | ||
| Tswana | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Official in Botswana, South Africa. National language of Namibia | 4 million (2006) | 4.4 million native, 200,000 second language, = 4.6 million total (1993 Johnstone) (dated data) | 127 | |
| Umbundu | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | National language of Angola | ~4 million native, unknown number second language (1995 WA) | 128 | ||
| Konkani | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | Official in India (Goa).Significant communities in Uttara Kannada, Dakshina Kannada. | 6 million (2006) | ~4 million (1999 WA) | 129 | |
| Balinese | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Sunda-Sulawesi, Bali-Sasak | Indonesia (Bali, Lombok) | 3.8 million (2006) | 3.9 million (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk) | 130 | |
| Northern Sotho (sePedi) | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Official in South Africa. Significant communities in Botswana | 3.7 million (1996 census) | 131 | ||
| Luyia | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Kenya | 3.6 million (2006) | 3.6 million (1989 census) (dated data) | 132 | |
| Wolof | Niger-Congo, Atlantic | National language in Mauritania, Senegal. Significant communities in The Gambia. | 3.4 million (2006) | 3.6 million native (2002), unknown number second language | 133 | |
| Buginese | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Sunda-Sulawesi, South Sulawesi | Indonesia | 3.5 million native, 0.5 million second language, = ~4 million total (1991 SIL) | 134 | ||
| Luo (Dholuo) | Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic | Kenya | 3.4 million (2006) | 3.5 million (1994 I. Larsen BTL) (dated data) | 135 | |
| Maninka | Niger-Congo, Mande | National language of Guinea, Mali. Significant numbers in Liberia, Senegal, Sierra Leone. | 2.5 million (2006) | 3.3 million, all varieties | 136 | |
| Mazanderani | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western Iranian | Iran | 3.3 million (2006) | 3.3 million (1993) (dated data) (numbers may be confused with or include Gilaki) | 137 | |
| Gilaki | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western Iranian | Iran | 3.3 million (2006) | 3.3 million (1993) (dated data) (numbers may be confused with or include Mazanderani) | 138 | |
| Shan | Kradai, Tai | Myanmar | 3 million (2006) | 3.3 million | 139 | |
| Tsonga | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Official in South Africa. Significant communities in Mozambique, Swaziland. | 3.2 million (2006) | 3.3 million (1989, 1996) (dated data) | 140 | |
| Galician | Indo-European, Romance. | Official in Galicia, Spain. | 3.2 million (2006) | 3.2 million (1986) (data dated) | 141 | |
| Lao | Kradai, Tai | Official in Laos. Native to Thailand. | 3.2 million (2006) | ~19 million Lao-Phutai dialects (including Isan) (data dated) | 142 | |
| Sukuma | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Tanzania | 5 million (2006) | 3.2 million (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk) | 143 | |
| Yiddish | Indo-European, Germanic, West Germanic | official in Russia (Jewish Autonomous Oblast) Significant communities in Belarus, Israel, Latvia, Ukraine, ABD. | 469,000 | 3.2 million | 144 | |
| Jamaican Creole | Indo-European, Germanic, West Germanic, Creole | Jamaica. Significant communities in Panama, Costa Rica | 2.8 million (2006) | 3.2 million (2001) | 145 | |
| Piemonteis | Indo-European, Italic, North | Italy (official in the Piedmont region), Argentina | 3.1 million (2000) | 3.1 million (2000), might not include speakers in Latin America | 146 | |
| Kırgızca | Altaic, Turkic, Northwestern, Southern | Official in Kyrgyzstan. Native to Tajikistan | 3.1 million (2006) | 3.1 million (1993 UBS) (dated data) | 147 | |
| Waray-Waray | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo-Philippines | Philippines | 2.4 million | 3.1 native (2000 census), unknown number second language | 148 | |
| Ewe | Niger-Congo, Kwa | Official in Togo. National language of Ghana. | 2.5 million (2006) | 3.1 million native, 500,000 second language, = 3.6 million total (2003) | 149 | |
| South Bolivian Quechua | Quechuan | Official in Bolivia, also spoken in Argentina | 3,637,500 (ethnologue)sout | 150 | ||
| Litvanca | Indo-European, Baltic | Official in Lithuania. Significant communities in Latvia. | 4 million (2006) | 3.1 million (1998) | 151 | |
| Boşnakça | Indo-European, Slavic, South | Official language in; Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro. Significant communities in Serbia. | 1,8 milion (1996) | 2,300,000 | 152 | |
| Luganda | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Major language of Uganda | 3.0 million native (1991 census), ~1 million second language (1999 WA), = ~4 million total | 153 | ||
| Lusoga | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Major language of Uganda, official status unclear/pending | +/- 3 million native speakers (2002 census), +/- 100,000 second-language speakers (dated data) | 154 | ||
| Acehnese | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Sunda-Sulawesi, Malayic | Indonesia | 3 million (2006) | ~3 million (1999 WA) | 155 | |
| Kimbundu | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | National language of Angola | ~3 million (1999 WA) | 156 | ||
| Hindko | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | Pakistan | 2.5 million (2006) | ~3 million (1993) (dated data) | 157 | |
| Ibibio-Efik | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River | Efik official in Nigeria | 1.5 million (2006) | ~3 million, including Anaang (1990; 1998 B. Connell) (dated data) | 158 | |
| Rajbangsi | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | India | 3.0 million (1991 census) | 159 | ||
| Venetian Language | Indo-European, Latin languages, | North-Eastern Italy | 3.0 million (2009) | 160 | ||
| Garhwali | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | India | 2.9 million (2000) | 161 | ||
| Bambara | Niger-Congo, Mande | National language of Mali | 2.8 million native, 10 million second language, = 13 million total | 162 | ||
| Hmong | Hmong-Mien | China. Significant communities in France (French Guiana), Laos, Australia, New Zealand, Argentina, United States (Minnesota, Wisconsin, California), Vietnam, Thailand | 7.8 million (2006) ~4 million (Lemoine, 2005) |
163 | ||
| Ometo | Afro-Asiatic, Omotic | Ethiopia | 2.8 million, all varieties, including Welayta (1998 census) | 164 | ||
| Indian Sign Language | Language isolate (Sign language) | Bangladesh, India, Pakistan | 2.7 million in India, plus unknown number in Bangladesh, Pakistan (2003). Same language as Pakistani Sign Language | 165 | ||
| Betawi creole | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Sunda-Sulawesi, Creole | Indonesia | 2.7 million (1993 Johnstone) | 166 | ||
| Karen | Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Karenic | Myanmar, Thailand, India | 2.6 million, all varieties (dated data) | 167 | ||
| Gondi | Dravidian | India | 2.6 million (1997) | 1689 | ||
| Senoufo | Niger-Congo, Gur | National language of Mali. Native to Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire. | 2.6 million, all varieties (1991, 1993, 2001) | 169 | ||
| Kalenjin | Nilo-Saharan, East Sudanic, Nilotic | Kenya | 2.5 million (1989 census) | 170 | ||
| Kumauni | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | India | 2.4 million in India (1998) | 171 | ||
| Kamba | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Kenya | 2.4 million native, 600,000 second language, = 3.0 million total (1989 census) | 172 | ||
| Luri | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western Iranian | Iran | 2.4 million (1999, 2001) | 173 | ||
| K'iche' | Mayan | Guatemala | 2.3 million (2000 SIL) | 174 | ||
| Kapampangan | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo-Philippines | Philippines | 2.3 million (2000 census) | 175 | ||
| Bemba | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | National language of Zambia | 2.2 million (2006) 3.6 million native, unknown number second language (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk) |
176 | ||
| Central Aymara | Aymaran | Official in Bolivia, Peru. Significant numbers in Argentina. | 2.2 million Central Aymara (1987) | 177 | ||
| Tiv | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid | Nigeria | 2.2 million native, unknown number second language (1991 UBS) | 178 | ||
| Brahui | Dravidian | Pakistan, Afghanistan | 2.2 million | 179 | ||
| Gbaya | Niger-Congo, Ubangian | Central African Republic, Congo-Kinshasa | 2.2 million, all varieties, including Ngbaka (2000 WCD) | 180 | ||
| Zarma | Nilo-Saharan, Songhai | Official in Niger | 2.2 million (1998) | 181 | ||
| Baoulé | Niger-Congo, Kwa | Côte d'Ivoire | 2.1 million (1993 SIL) | 182 | ||
| Dogri | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | Official in India (Jammu and Kashmir states) | 2.1 million (1997) | 183 | ||
| Lingala | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | National language of Congo-Brazzaville, Congo-Kinshasa. | 2.1 million native (2000 WCD), 7 million second language in Congo-Kinshasa (1999 WA), unknown additional second-language speakers in Congo-Brazzaville, = 9+ million total. According to Britannica (2005 Yearbook) more than 36 million people speak Lingala as lingua franca. | 184 | ||
| Sasak | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Sunda-Sulawesi | Indonesia | 2.1 million (1989) | 185 | ||
| Kurux | Dravidian | India, Nepal | 2.1 million (1997) | 186 | ||
| Mundari | Austro-Asiatic, Munda | India | 2.1 million (1997) | 187 | ||
| Dinka | Nilo-Saharan, East Sudanic, Nilotic | Southern Sudan | 2+ million | 188 | ||
| Slovence | Indo-European, Slavic, South Slavic | Official in Austria, Hungary, Italy, Slovenia. | 2.0 - 2.5 million consisting of the population of Slovenia (1991 census) plus minorities in Austria, Croatia, Hungary and Italy; several hundred thousand (100 000 - 200 000) in US, Canada, Argentina and Australia | 189 | ||
| Batak | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Sunda-Sulawesi, Northern Sumatra | Indonesia | 2 million (2006) ~6.2 million, all varieties (c. 1991 UBS) (dated data). Includes Toba, Dairi, Simalungun, etc. |
190 | ||
| Makedonca | Indo-European, Slavic, South | Official in Republic of Macedonia , also sizeable communities in Albania, Greece, Bulgaria, Serbia, Germany, United States, Australia, Canada. | 2.0 million (1995)[89] | 191 | ||
| Buyei | Kradai, Tai | China | ~2 million (1990 census) | 192 | ||
| Beti-Pahuin | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Major language of Gabon, Equatorial Guinea. Significant communities in Cameroon, São Tomé and Príncipe. | ~2 million. Includes Fang, Ewondo, etc. | 193 | ||
| Zazaki | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western Iranian | Turkey | 1.5–2.5 million (all dialects) (1998 Paul) | 194 | ||
| Occitan | Indo-European, Romance | France, Italy, Spain, Monaco | 1,939,000 | 193 | ||
| Tulu | Dravidian | India | 1.9 million (1997) | 194 | ||
| Ligurian | Indo-European, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Gallo-Romance, Gallo-Italic | Italy, France, Monaco | 1,920,848 | 195 | ||
| Sidamo | Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic, East Cushitic | Ethiopia | 1.9 million native, 100,000 second language, = 2.0 million total (1998 census) | 196 | ||
| Bashkir | Altaic, Turkic, Northwestern, Northern | Official in Russia (Bashkortostan) | 1.9 million (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk) | 197 | ||
| Yao | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Malawi, Tanzania, Mozambique | ~1.9 million (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk) | 198 | ||
| Chuvash | Altaic, Turkic | Official in Russia (Chuvashia) | 1.8 million native, 200,000 second language, = 2.0 million total (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk) | 199 | ||
| Ijaw (Izon) | Niger-Congo, Ijoid languages | Indigenous in Nigeria | 1.8 million (all varieties) (Izon 1 million) | 200 | ||
| Fon | Niger-Congo, Kwa | National language of Benin Significant communities in Togo | 1.7 million native (2000 Hoddenbagh), unknown number second language | 201 | ||
| SiSwati | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Official in South Africa, Swaziland. Significant communities in Lesotho | 1.7 million (1996 census, 1993 Johnstone) | 202 | ||
| Latvian | Indo-European, Baltic | Official in Latvia. Significant communities in Australia, ABD, United Kingdom, Ireland, Brazil. | 1.6 million[90] | 203 | ||
| Nyankore | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Uganda | 1.6 million (1991 census) | 204 | ||
| Makasar | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Sunda-Sulawesi | Indonesia | 1.6 million native, 400,000 second language, = 2 million total (1989) | 205 | ||
| Gusii | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Kenya | 1.6 million (1994 I. Larsen BTL) | 206 | ||
| Khandeshi | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | India | 1.6 million (1997) | 207 | ||
| Ndebele | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Official in South Africa. National language of Zimbabwe. | 1.6 million (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk) | 208 | ||
| Chin | Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman | Myanmar, India | 1.6 million (1990 BAP, 1996 UBS). All varieties, but not including Mizo etc. | 209 | ||
| Limburgish | Indo-European, Germanic, West Germanic, Meuse-Rhenish | Official in the Netherlands as a regional language. Spoken in Belgium and Germany without official status. | 1.6 million | 210 | ||
| Vlax Romani | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | Bosnia and Herzegovina, Romania, Albania, Colombia, Hungary | 1.5 million | 211 | ||
| Sara | Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, Bongo-Bagirmi | National language of Chad. Significant communities in Central African Republic. | 1.5 million native, all varieties, large number second-language speakers (dated data) | 212 | ||
| Pangasinan | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo-Philippines | Philippines | 1.5 million (2000 census) | 213 | ||
| Tonga | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Zambia, Zimbabwe | 1.5 million (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk) | 214 | ||
| Lampung | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Sunda-Sulawesi | Indonesia | ~1.5 million (1981 Wurm and Hattori) | 215 | ||
| Sardinian | Indo-European, Romance | Official in Italy (Sardinia) | ~1.5 million (1977 M. Ibba, Rutgers University) | 216 | ||
| Scots | Indo-European, Germanic, West Germanic, Anglo-Frisian, Old English, Scots | Scotland, Significant communities in Northern Ireland | ~1.5 million native (General Register Office for Scotland, 1996) | 217 | ||
| Dong | Kradai, Kam-Sui | China | 1.5 million | 218 | ||
| Mende | Niger-Congo, Mande | National language of Sierra Leone | 1.5 million native, unknown number second language (1987 UBS) | 219 | ||
| Tày | Kradai, Kam-Tai, Tai | Vietnam | 1.5 million in Vietnam (1999 census) | 220 | ||
| Nahuatl | Uto-Aztecan, isolate | Mexico | 1.4 million (all varieties) (dated data) | 221 | ||
| Afar | Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic, East Cushitic | Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti | 1.4 million (1998 census) | 222 | ||
| Dagbani | Niger-Congo, Gur | National language of Ghana | 1.4 million, including Kusaal, Mampruli (2004 SIL) | 223 | ||
| Koli | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | India, Pakistan | 1.4 million, all varieties (some data dated) | 224 | ||
| Chiga | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Uganda | 1.4 million (1991 census) | 225 | ||
| Çeçence | Caucasic, Nakh | Official in Russia (Chechnya). | 1.33 million (2002 census) | 226 | ||
| Tumbuka | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Official in Malawi. Significant communities in Zambia | 1.3 million (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk) | 227 | ||
| Iu Mien | Hmong-Mien, Yao | China | 1.3 million, all varieties (1995 Wang and Mao) | 228 | ||
| Meru | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Kenya | 3.0 million (2009 Kenya census BTL) (dated data) | 229 | ||
| Gogo | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Tanzania | ~1.3 million (1992 UBS) (dated data) | 230 | ||
| Teso | Nilo-Saharan, East Sudanic, Nilotic | Uganda. Significant communities in Kenya | 1.3 million (1991 census) | 231 | ||
| Meithei | Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman | Official in India (Manipur) | 1.3 million (1997) | 232 | ||
| Tamang | Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman | Nepal | 1.3 million | 233 | ||
| Makonde | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Tanzania, Mozambique | 1.3 million (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk) | 234 | ||
| Bai | Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, unclassified | China | 1.2 million (2003) | 235 | ||
| Tuareg | Afro-Asiatic, Berber, Southern | Official in Niger. National language of Mali. | 1.2 million (1991–1998) | 236 | ||
| Mandinka | Niger-Congo, Mande | National language of Senegal. Significant communities in Gambia, Guinea-Bissau. | 1.2 million (2002) | 237 | ||
| Jula | Niger-Congo, Mande | Native to Burkina Faso, Significant communities in Côte d'Ivoire | ~1.2 million native, 3–4 million second language | 238 | ||
| Temne | Niger-Congo, Atlantic | National language of Sierra Leone | ~1.2 million native, 200,000 second language, = ~1.4 million total (1989 J. Kaiser) | 239 | ||
| Haya | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Tanzania | ~1.2 million (1991 UBS) | 240 | ||
| Serer | Niger-Congo, Atlantic | National language of Senegal. Significant communities in Gambia. | 1.2 million (2002) | 241 | ||
| Beja | Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic or isolate | Sudan, Eritrea | 1.2 million (1982 SIL) | 242 | ||
| Nyamwezi | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Tanzania | 1.2 million (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk) | 243 | ||
| Abron | Niger-Congo, Kwa | Ghana | 1.2 million (2003) | 244 | ||
| Alur | Nilo-Saharan, East Sudanic, Nilotic | Congo-Kinshasa, Uganda | 1.2 million (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk) | 245 | ||
| Sena | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Mozambique, Malawi | 1.2 million, all varieties | 246 | ||
| Azande | Niger-Congo, Ubangian | Congo-Kinshasa, Southern Sudan, Central African Republic | 1.1 million (dated data) | 247 | ||
| Walloon | Indo-European, Romance | Belgium | 1.1 million (1998) | 248 | ||
| Anyi | Niger-Congo, Kwa | Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana | 1.2 million (1993 SIL) | 249 | ||
| Malvi | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | India | 1.1 million (1997) | 250 | ||
| Kinaray-a | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo-Philippines | Philippines | 1.1 million native (2000 census) | 251 | ||
| Soninke | Niger-Congo, Mande | National language in Mali, Mauritania, Senegal. Significant communities in Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Gambia. | 1.10 million (1991) | 252 | ||
| Ho | Austro-Asiatic, Munda | India | 1.08 million (1997) | 253 | ||
| Estonca | Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Finnic | Official in Estonia | 1.08 million (1989 census) | 254 | ||
| Nyakyusa | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Tanzania, Malawi | 1.05 million (1992 UBS) | 255 | ||
| Gwari | Niger-Congo, Nupe | Nigeria | 1.05 million (1991 SIL, 2002 SIL) | 256 | ||
| Lugbara | Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, Moru-Madi | Congo-Kinshasa, Uganda | 1.04 million (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk, 1983 SIL) | 257 | ||
| Baskça | Language isolate, Basque Country and Navarre (Spain) and Northern Basque Country (France) | Official in Basque Country, Spain | 1.03 million (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk, 1983 SIL) | 258 | ||
| Naga | Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman | India | 1.03 million, all varieties (1997) | 259 | ||
| Susu | Niger-Congo, Mande | National language of Guinea. Significant communities in Sierra Leone. | 1.03 million (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk) | 260 | ||
| Tausug | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo-Philippine | Philippines Significant communities in Indonesia (Kalimantan), Malaysia (Sabah) | 1.02 million native (2000 census) | 261 | ||
| Chokwe | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | National language of Angola. Significant communities in Congo-Kinshasa | 1.01 million (1990 UBS) | 262 | ||
| Kabardeyce | Caucasic, Circassian | Official in Russia (Kabardino-Balkaria). Significant communities in Karachay-Cherkessia, Turkey | 1.01 million (1993 UBS, 2001 Johnstone and Mandryk) | 263 | ||
| Ryūkyū | Japonic, Ryūkyūan | Japan | 1.01 million, all varieties (2000 WCD) | 264 | ||
| Magindanaw | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo-Philippine | Philippines | 1.0 million native (2000 census), unknown number second language | 265 | ||
| Maranao | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo-Philippine | Philippines | 1.0 million native (2000 census) | 266 | ||
| Ancash Quechua | Waywash | Official in Peru | 1.0 million speakers | 267 |
100,000'den 1 milyona kadar yerel konuşanı olan diller [değiştir]
10,000'den 100,000'e kadar konuşanı olan diller [değiştir]
1,000'den 10,000'e kadar konuşanı olan diller [değiştir]
Ayrıca bakınız: List of endangered languages
| Dil | Ailesi | Official status and where spoken natively by more than 1% of the population | Konuşan Sayısı |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yupikçe | Eskimo-Aleut | United States (Alaska) | ~10,000 |
| Israeli Sign Language | Sign Language | Israel | ~10,000 |
| Şorca | Altay | Rusya | 9,800 |
| Zuñi | Isolate | United States (New Mexico and Arizona) Zuñi pueblo | 9,651 |
| Huambisa | Jivaroan | Spoken in Peru | 9,333 (2000 WCD) |
| Lakotaca | Siouan-Catawban, Siouan, Mississippi Valley, Dakotan, Sioux | ABD | 8,000-9,000 |
| Çukçice | Chukotko-Kamchatkan | Russia | 7,742 |
| Huitotot | Bora-Huitoto, Huitoto-Ocaina | Official in Peru Also spoken in Colombia | 7,378-8,162 (Adelaar, 2004) |
| Southern Aymara | Aymaran | Official in Peru Also spoken in Brazil | 7,212 (2001 SIL) |
| Ucayali-Yurúa Ashéninka | Arawakan, Maipuran, Southern Maipuran, Pre-Andine | Official in Peru Also spoken in Brazil | 7,212 |
| Megleno-Romanian | Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Eastern Romance | Greece, Romania, Macedonia | 5,000-12,000 |
| Veps | Uralic | Russia | 6,355 |
| Western Desert Language | Pama-Nyungan | Australia | 6,103 (Ethnologue) |
| Flemish Sign Language | Sign Language | Belgium (Flanders and Brussels-Capital Region) | 6,000 |
| Perené Ashéninka | Arawakan, Maipuran, Southern Maipuran, Pre-Andine | Official in Peru | 5,500 |
| Achuar-Shiwiar | Jivaroan | Official in Peru, Also spoken in Ecuador | 5,000 |
| Cashibo-Cacataibo | Panoan | Peru | 5,000 (Ethnologue, 1999) |
| Finnish Sign Language | Sign Language | Finland | 5,000 (tahminî) |
| Dolgan | Altay | Rusya | ~5,000 |
| Saisiyat | Austronesian | Taiwan | 4,750 |
| Rapa Nui (Easter Islander) | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central Eastern, Eastern, Oceanic, Central-Eastern, Remote Oceanic, Central Pacific, East, Polynesian, Nuclear Polynesian, Eastern Polynesian | Chile (Rapa Nui (Easter Island)) | 4,650 |
| !Xóõ | Khoisian | Namibia, Botswana | 4,200 |
| Ajyíninka Apurucayali | Arawakan, Maipuran | Official in Peru | 4,000 |
| Akhvakh | Northeast Caucasian | Russia (Dagestan) | 3,500 |
| Koryak | Chukotko-Kamchatkan | Russia | 3,019 |
| Jaqaru | Aymaran | Official in Peru | 3,009 |
| Candoshi-Shapra | Language Isolate | Official in Peru | 3,000 (1991, SIL) |
| Yague | Peba-Yaguan | Official in Peru | 3,000-4,000 (dated) |
| Kala Lagaw Ya | Pama-Nyungan | Australia | 3,000-4,000 |
| Khinalug | Northeast Caucasian languages | Azerbaijan | 1,500 ~ 4,000 |
| Ludic | Uralic | Russia (Karelia) | 3,000 |
| İnyuikçe | Aleut | Canada | 3,500 |
| Mansice | Uralic | Russia Khantia-Mansia | 3,184 |
| Carolinian | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central Eastern, Eastern, Oceanic, Central-Eastern, Remote Oceanic, Micronesian, Micronesian Proper, Ponapeic-Trukic | United States Official in Northern Mariana Islands | 3,000 |
| Kernewek (Cornish) | Indo-European, Celtic, Insular Celtic, Brythonic | Southwest England | 3,000 |
| Warlpiri | Pama-Nyungan | Australia | 3,000 |
| Godoberi | Northeast Caucasian | Russia (Dagestan) | 3,000 |
| Murui Huitoto | Witotoan, Witoto, Witoto Proper, Minica-Murui | Official in Peru, also spoken in Colombia | 2,900 (SIL, 1995) |
| Bora | Witotan | Official in Peru Also spoken in Colombia | 2,828 |
| Saterland Frisian (East Frisian) |
Indo-European, Germanic, West Germanic, Anglo-Frisian, Frisian | Germany (recognized minority language in Saterland, East Frisia) | 2,250 11,000 (Ethnologue) |
| Kven | Uralic | Norway | 2,000-8,000 |
| Cashinahua | Panoan | Official in Peru Also spoken in Brazil | 2,000 |
| Inuinnaqtun | Aleut | Canada | 2,000 |
| Lule Sami | Uralic | Norway, Sweden | 2,000 |
| Esperanto | Constructed language Vocabulary from Romance and Germanic languages; phonology from Slavic languages | International auxiliary language | 200 to 2000 N.B. Because it is an international language, most speakers speak it as a second language. Estimates of total number of speakers tend to fall around 2 million.[96] |
| Arrernte | Pama-Nyungan | Australia | 1,500 |
| Manx Gaelic | Indo-European, Celtic, Goidelic | Isle of Man | 1,750 |
| Minica Huitoto | Witotoan | Official in Peru, Also spoken in Colombia | 1,705 (2000 WCD) |
| Selkup | Uralic | Russia (Yamalia) | 1,570 |
| Culina | Arauan | Official in Peru Also spoken in Brazil | 1,303 |
| Chipaya | Uru-Chipaya | Official in Peru | 1,200 |
| She | Hmong-Mien | China | 1,200 |
| Çikasovca | Muskogean | United States | 1,000 |
| Walmajarri | Pama-Nyungan | Australia | 1,000 |
| Koro | Tibeto-Burman | India (Arunachal Pradesh, East Kameng) | 800-1200 |
| Istro-Romanian | Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Eastern Romance | Croatia | 560-1,000 |
1,000'den az konuşanı olan diller [değiştir]
| Dil | Ailesi | Official status and where spoken natively by more than 1% of the population | Konuşan Sayısı |
|---|---|---|---|
| Osmanlıca | Altay-Türkî | Türkiye | 900 |
| Norfuk | Creole | Norfolk Island, Pitcairn Islands | 616 |
| Ketçe | Dené-Yeniseian | Russia (Krasnoyarsk Krai) | 550 |
| Kildin Sami | Uralic | Russia (Murmansk Oblast, Karelia) | 500 |
| Nganasanca | Uralic | Russia (Taymyria) | 500 |
| Southern Sami | Uralic | Sweden, Norway | 500 |
| Inari Sami | Uralic | Finland | 400 |
| Skolt Sami | Uralic | Finland, Russia (Karelia) | 400 |
| Mlabri | Austroasiatic | Thailand, Laos | <400 |
| Ingrian | Uralic | Russia (Ingria) | 300 |
| Pirahã | Muran | Amazon River, Brazil No official status | 300 |
| Washo | Hokan | United States (Washoe County, Nevada) | 252[97] |
| Komançice | Uto-Aztecan | United States (Oklahoma) | 200 |
| Hinukh | Northeast Caucasian | Russia (Dagestan) | 200 |
| Livonian | Uralic | Latvia (Livonia) | 150 |
| Tobian | Trukic | Palau (In the states of Hatohobei and Sonsorol and in the southern areas of Palau) | ≥100 |
| Enets | Uralic | Russia (Krasnoyarsk Krai) | 70 |
| Pitkern (Or Pitcairnese) | Creole | Pitcairn Island (and New Zealand) | ≥70 |
| Manchu | Altaic | Northern China (Heilongjian province), Southern Russia | ≥60 |
| Kawésqar | Fuegian | Chile | <22 |
| Pite Sami | Uralic | Sweden, Norway | 20 |
| Ume Sami | Uralic | Sweden, Norway | 20 |
| Votic | Uralic | Russia | ≥20 |
| Kayardild | Pama-Nyungan | Australia | <10 |
| Hiren | Waywash | Peru | 6 |
| Ter Sami | Uralic | Russia (Murmansk Oblast) | 2[98] |
| Yaghan | Fuegian | Chile | 1 |
Büyük Diller [değiştir]
The following are the largest ISO 639 macrolanguages, which in different sources may be counted as either one or several languages.
- Çince (ca. 1.30 milyar)
- Hintçe (ca. 900 milyon)
- Ingilizce (ca. 500 milyon)
- Ispanyolca (ca. 300 milyon)
- Rusça (ca. 280 milyon)
- Arapça (ca. 227 milyon)
- Malayca (ca. 26 milyon, ikinci dil olarak 200 milyondan fazla)
- Fransızca (ca. 128 milyon)
- Türkçe (ca. 80 milyon, ikinci dil olarak 100 milyondan fazla)
- Almanca (ca. 102 milyon)
- Farsça (ca. 100 milyon)
- Azerice (ca. 30 milyon, ikinci dil olarak 40 milyondan fazla)
- Peştunca (ca. 40 milyon)
- Oromo (ca. 25 milyon)
- Özbekçe (ca. 23 milyon)
- Sırpça-Hırvatça (ca. 21 milyon)
- Malagasy language (ca. 17 milyon)
- Kurdish language (ca. 16 milyon)
- Fula language (ca. 15 milyon)
- Zhuang language (ca. 14 milyon)
- Swahili language (Remember Swahili language does not belong to any tribe in the world but it is a lingua franca for over 40 million in Tanzania, 35 million in Kenya, 10 million in Uganda, 10 million in Congo DRC, parts of Rwanda, Burundi, Somalia, Oman. Comoro Swahili Language is widely used as well (ca. 100 million).
Ayrıca Bakınız [değiştir]
- Global language system
- Linguistic demography
- List of languages by total number of speakers
- List of sign languages by number of native signers
- List of ISO 639-3 codes
- List of most-widely spoken languages (by number of countries)
- Lists of languages
- Ethnologue list of most-spoken languages
- Linguistic Diversity Index
Kaynakça [değiştir]
- ^ a b c "Etnoloji". SIL Haley. http://www.ethnologue.org/ethno_docs/distribution.asp?by=size.
- ^ a b c "Encarta Dictionary". Microsoft Encarta 2006. http://uk.encarta.msn.com/encnet/features/dictionary/dictionaryhome.aspx. Erişim tarihi: 2009-11-16.
- ^ a b c d Ranking by Mean Average of the two estimates (Encarta and Ethnologue)
- ^ "Modern Çince - Sözlükler - MSN Encarta". Uk.encarta.msn.com. http://uk.encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1481582983/Modern_Standard_Chinese.html. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ http://www.ethnologue.com/14/show_language.asp?code=CHN
- ^ "Dünyanın en çok konuşulan 30 dili". Krysstal.com. http://www.krysstal.com/spoken.html. Erişim tarihi: 2011-01-9.
- ^ "İspanyol - Sözlükler - MSN Encarta". Uk.encarta.msn.com. http://uk.encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1861781790/Spanish.html. Erişim tarihi: 2011-01-09.
- ^ Ethnologue - 1999 WA--source for the second figure)
- ^ la-moncloa.es (V International Congress on Spanish Language), UNAM and Instituto Cervantes ("El Mundo" news)
- ^ "English definition - Dictionaries - MSN Encarta". Uk.encarta.msn.com. http://uk.encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1861789540/English.html. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ http://www.ethnologue.com/14/show_language.asp?code=ENG
- ^ "Hindi definition - Dictionaries - MSN Encarta". Uk.encarta.msn.com. http://uk.encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1861721270/Hindi.html. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ "Urdu definition - Dictionaries - MSN Encarta". Uk.encarta.msn.com. http://uk.encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1861767768/Urdu.html. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ ^Ethnologue, 1999
- ^ "Census of India - Statement 1". Censusindia.gov.in. http://censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_Data_Online/Language/Statement1.htm. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=urd
- ^ "Census of India - Statement 1". Censusindia.gov.in. http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_Data_Online/Language/Statement1.htm. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ http://www.statpak.gov.pk/depts/pco/statistics/other_tables/pop_by_mother_tongue.pdf
- ^ "India Statistics - Statistical analysis, data information and facts about India". Indiastat.com. http://www.indiastat.com/. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ "Population Census Organization". Statpak.gov.pk. http://www.statpak.gov.pk/depts/pco/. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_Data_Online/Language/Statement1.htm
- ^ "Arabic definition - Dictionaries - MSN Encarta". Uk.encarta.msn.com. http://uk.encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1861689162/Arabic.html. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=arb
- ^ "Bangla definition - Dictionaries - MSN Encarta". Uk.encarta.msn.com. http://uk.encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1861812718/Bangla.html. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ http://www.ethnologue.com/14/show_language.asp?code=BNG
- ^ "Portuguese definition - Dictionaries - MSN Encarta". Uk.encarta.msn.com. http://uk.encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1861758655/Portuguese.html. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ "Ethnologue 14 report for language code:POR". Ethnologue.com. http://www.ethnologue.com/14/show_language.asp?code=POR. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ "IOL Diário - Somos 240 milhões de falantes". Diario.iol.pt. 2008-07-16. http://diario.iol.pt/sociedade/lingua-portuguesa-portugues-ensino-governo-alunos/972503-4071.html. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ "Russian definition - Dictionaries - MSN Encarta". Uk.encarta.msn.com. http://uk.encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1861770985/Russian.html. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ http://www.ethnologue.com/14/show_language.asp?code=RUS
- ^ a b Contributor: flamiejamie (2008-06-26). "Top 10 Most Spoken Languages In The World". Listverse. http://listverse.com/miscellaneous/top-10-most-spoken-languages-in-the-world/. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ "Japanese definition - Dictionaries - MSN Encarta". Uk.encarta.msn.com. http://uk.encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1861766410/Japanese.html. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ "German definition - Dictionaries - MSN Encarta". Uk.encarta.msn.com. http://uk.encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1861706344/German.html. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ a b "Europeans and Languages". European Commission. http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_237.en.pdf. Erişim tarihi: 2007-02-18.
- ^ "Javanese definition - Dictionaries - MSN Encarta". Uk.encarta.msn.com. http://uk.encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1861711446/Javanese.html. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ "Punjabi definition - Dictionaries - MSN Encarta". Uk.encarta.msn.com. http://uk.encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1861779420/Punjabi.html. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ "Wu definition - Dictionaries - MSN Encarta". Uk.encarta.msn.com. http://uk.encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1861758362/Wu.html. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ "Census of India - Statement 4". Censusindia.gov.in. http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_Data_Online/Language/Statement4.htm. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ "Marathi language". Encarta dictionary. http://uk.encarta.msn.com/encnet/features/dictionary/DictionaryResults.aspx?lextype=3&search=marathi. Erişim tarihi: 11 February 2010.
- ^ "French definition - Dictionaries - MSN Encarta". Uk.encarta.msn.com. http://uk.encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1861790461/French.html. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ Posted by 데이빛 / Mithridates (2008-10-15). "French in 9th place with 200 million French speakers in the world / 200 millions de francophones dans le monde". Page F30. http://www.pagef30.com/2008/10/french-in-9th-place-with-200-million.html. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ "200 million French speakers in the world - La France en Australie". Ambafrance-au.org. http://www.ambafrance-au.org/france_australie/spip.php?article2223. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ "U.S. Census Bureau". Internetworldstats.com. 2009-09-30. http://internetworldstats.com/stats7.htm. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ Jacques Leclerc (2009-11-02). "Francophonie (Qu'est-ce que la?)". Tlfq.ulaval.ca. http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/axl/francophonie/francophonie.htm. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ "Cheer up French speakers, you’re not alone". France24. 2008-10-28. http://www.france24.com/en/20081018-cheer-french-speakers-francophone-francophonie-nadeau. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ "Vietnamese language". Encarta dictionary. http://uk.encarta.msn.com/encnet/features/dictionary/DictionaryResults.aspx?lextype=3&search=vietnamese. Erişim tarihi: 11 February 2010.
- ^ "Korean definition - Dictionaries - MSN Encarta". Uk.encarta.msn.com. http://uk.encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1861720823/Korean.html. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ "Tamil language". Encarta dictionary. http://uk.encarta.msn.com/encnet/features/dictionary/DictionaryResults.aspx?lextype=3&search=tamil. Erişim tarihi: 11 February 2010.
- ^ "Top 30 Language Spoken in the World by Number of Speakers". Krysstal.com. http://www.krysstal.com/spoken.html. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ "Italian language". Encarta dictionary. http://uk.encarta.msn.com/encnet/features/dictionary/DictionaryResults.aspx?lextype=3&search=italian. Erişim tarihi: 11 February 2010.
- ^ http://www.ethnologue.com/14/show_language.asp?code=TRK
- ^ "Turkish language". Encarta Dictionary. http://uk.encarta.msn.com/encnet/features/dictionary/DictionaryResults.aspx?lextype=3&search=turkish. Erişim tarihi: 11 February 2010.
- ^ "Cantonese language". Encarta Dictionary. http://uk.encarta.msn.com/encnet/features/dictionary/DictionaryResults.aspx?lextype=3&search=cantonese. Erişim tarihi: 11 February 2010.
- ^ "Pashto, Northern". SIL International. Ethnologue: Languages of the World. June 2010. http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=pbu. Erişim tarihi: 2010-09-18. "49,529,000 possibly total Pashto in all countries."
- ^ a b "Pashto". Omniglot.com. http://www.omniglot.com/writing/pashto.htm. Erişim tarihi: 2010-10-25. "The exact number of Pashto speakers is not known for sure, but most estimates range from 45 million to 55 million."
- ^ Penzl, Herbert; Ismail Sloan (2009). A Grammar of Pashto a Descriptive Study of the Dialect of Kandahar, Afghanistan. Ishi Press International. ss. 210. ISBN 0923891722, 9780923891725. http://books.google.com/books?id=zvRePgAACAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s. Erişim tarihi: 2010-10-25. "Estimates of the number of Pashto speakers range from 40 million to 60 million..."
- ^ Thomson, Gale (2007). Countries of the World & Their Leaders Yearbook 08. 2. European Union: Indo-European Association. ss. 84. ISBN 0787681083, 9780787681081. http://books.google.com/books?id=A6vQ-x7V-bYC&source=gbs_navlinks_s. Erişim tarihi: 2010-10-25.
- ^ "www.ethnologue.com". www.ethnologue.com. http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=fas. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ a b http://www.webcitation.org/query?id=1257013011437361
- ^ Persian language in Encyclopedia of Orient
- ^ R. Khanam, "Encyclopaedic ethnography of Middle-East and Central Asia: J-O, Volume 2", Global Vision Publishing Ho, 2005. pg 730:"The Standard Tajiki dialect is mutually intelligble with the Persian of Iran and the Dari of Afghanistan and is increasingly being called either Farsi-Tojiki or Farsi (Persian)"
- ^ David Levinson, Karen Christensen, "Encyclopedia of modern Asia", Charles Scribner's Sons, 2002. pg 50: "The most important modern languages of the Iranian family are (West Iranian) Persian (Farsi, Dari, and Tajiki), Tati, Baluchi, Zaza, and numerous unwritten "
- ^ Bernard Lewis, "The Middle East: a brief history of the last 2,000 years",Simon and Schuster, 1995. pg 247: "Persian- Zaban-i Farsi, the language of the province of Fars, or Pars, from which the Greek and hence the Western names of the country are derived -- was spoken and written in Iran (the ancient name of the country), and in a zone extending eastward into Central Asia, in regions now included in Afghanistan and in the republic of Tajikistan. Tajik and also Dari, one of the two languages of Afghanistan (the other is Pashto, also of Iranic family), are variants of Persian
- ^ Bernard Lewis,"The multiple identities of the Middle East", Schocken Books, 1998. ISBN-0805241728, 9780805241723 pg. 55: "Apart from Iran, Persian has official status in two other countries; in Afghanistan, where the local form of Persian is known as Dari, and in the former soviet Republic of Tajikistan.
- ^ 2009 CIA Factbook: Iran:[1][2] (Persian and Persian dialects 58%) (38.514), Afghanistan [3], Afghan Persian or Dari (official) 50% (14.1), Tajikistan 79.9% (5.8 million), Uzbekistan (4.7% 1 million),
- ^ Iran 36 M (51%) - 46 M (65%) [4], Afghanistan 16.369 M (50%), Tajikistan 5.770 M (80%), Uzbekistan 1.2 M (4.4%)
- ^ Svante E. Cornell, "Uzbekistan: A Regional Player in Eurasian Geopolitics?", European Security, vol. 20, no. 2, Summer 2000.
- ^ Richard Foltz, "The Tajiks of Uzbekistan", Central Asian Survey, 15(2), 213–216 (1996).
- ^ Karl Cordell, "Ethnicity and Democratisation in the New Europe", Published by Routledge, 1999. Excerpt from pg 201: "Consequently, the number of citizens who regard themselves as Tajiks is difficult to determine. Tajikis within and outside of the republic, Samarkand State University (SamGU) academic and international commentators suggest that there may be between six and seven million Tajiks in Uzbekistan, constituting 30% of the republic's 22 million population, rather than the official figure of 4.7%(Foltz 1996;213; Carlisle 1995:88).
- ^ Lena Jonson, "Tajikistan in the New Central Asia", Published by I.B.Tauris, 2006. pg 108: "According to official Uzbek statistics there are slightly over 1 million Tajiks in Uzbekistan or about 4% of the population. The unofficial figure is over 6 million Tajiks. They are concentrated in the Sukhandarya, Samarqand and Bukhara regions."
- ^ [5]
- ^ Azerbaycanlı, South 12.6 milyon Johnstone and Mandryk 2001 (Irak 0.6 milyon (1982), Suriye 0.03 milyon (1961), Türkiye (0.5) milyon) [6]
- ^ Azerbaijani, North 7.5 milyon 2007
- ^ [7]
- ^ [8]Azerbaijani, Iran 17 million (2010) 24%
- ^ http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=azb
- ^ http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=azj
- ^ http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=qxq
- ^ http://www.joshuaproject.net/people-clusters.php?peo2=126
- ^ The Latin Union reports 28 million speakers for Romanian, out of whom 24 million are native speakers of the language: Latin Union - The odyssey of languages: ro, es, fr, it, pt; see also Ethnologue report for Romanian
- ^ "Het Nederlandse taalgebied" (Dutch). Taalpeil. 31 December 2006 tarihinde özgün kaynağından arşivlendi. http://web.archive.org/web/20061231075139/http://taalunieversum.org/taalpeil/het_nederlandse_taalgebied.html. Erişim tarihi: 2007-02-18.
- ^ http://ling.cass.cn/fangyan/dituji/LANGUAGE%20ATLAS%20OF%20CHINA.html The population of Gan speakers is 48 million
- ^ http://www.omniglot.com/writing/kurdish.htm
- ^ Microsoft Encarta 2006, Languages Spoken by More Than 10 Million People. Archived 2009-10-31.
- ^ Народы и языки Российской Федерации. статистика(Rusça)
- ^ "Ethnologue 14 on Tatar (version 15 gives data obviously invompatible with this and the next shown source)". Ethnologue.com. http://www.ethnologue.com/14/show_language.asp?code=TTR. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ Народы и языки Российской Федерации. Статистика(Rusça)
- ^ Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. (ed.), 2005. "Ethnologue Report for Pahari-Potwari." Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Fifteenth edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International.
- ^ "Ethnologue: Macedonia". Web.archive.org. 1999-04-21. http://web.archive.org/web/19990421103931/www.sil.org/ethnologue/countries/Mace.html. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ "Latvian". Ethnologue. http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=lav. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ "2004 Welsh Language Use Survey: the report - Welsh Language Board". http://www.byig-wlb.org.uk/english/publications/publications/332.doc. Erişim tarihi: 2010-05-23.
- ^ United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. "Refworld | World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples - United Kingdom : Welsh". UNHCR. http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/topic,463af2212,488f25df2,49749c8cc,0.html. Erişim tarihi: 2010-05-23.
- ^ "h2g2 - Y Wladfa - The Welsh in Patagonia". BBC. http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A1163503. Erişim tarihi: 2010-05-23.
- ^ "Ethnologue report for language code: ase". Ethnologue.com. http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=ase. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ "News Release - Scotland's Census 2001 - Gaelic Report" from General Registrar for Scotland website, 10 October 2005. Retrieved 27 December 2007.
- ^ "Esperanto FAQ: Part 5". Esperanto.net. http://www.esperanto.net/veb/faq-5.html. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ "Language Map Data Center". Mla.org. 2007-07-17. http://www.mla.org/map_data_results&state_id=99&county_id=&mode=state_tops&zip=&place_id=&cty_id=&a=&ea=&order=a&ll=all. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ "Sami languages disappears". Barents Observer. 19 Feb 2010. http://www.barentsobserver.com/sami-languages-disappears.4749497-116321.html. Erişim tarihi: 2 May 2010.
Dış bağlantılar [değiştir]
- Ethnologue's most recent list of languages arranged by number of speakers
- List of top 100 languages in 13th edition of Ethnologue (1996)
- Different lists of the most spoken languages (the Ethnologue list is from a previous, not the 2005, edition).
- Ethnologue - SIL's Ethnologue, widely referenced source for the world's languages
- Languages Spoken by More Than 10 Million People (Archived 2009-10-31) - Encarta list, based on data from Ethnologue, but some figures (e.g. for Arabic) widely vary from it
- Top 30 languages of the world
- 30 most widely spoken world languages
- Map of World Languages. Download of MP3 audio files in 1600 language combinations.
