Stigand

Stigand
Stigand
Canterbury Başpiskoposu
	Bayeux İşlemesi'nde Stigand
Atanma	1052
Dönem bitişi	11 Nisan 1070
Önce gelen	Jumiègesli Robert
Sonra gelen	Lanfranc
Diğer görevler	Elmham Piskoposu; Winchester Piskoposu
Takdis	1043
Doğum adı	Stigand
Ölüm	1072, tahminen 21 veya 22 Şubat
Mezarı	Old Minster, Winchester

Stigand^[a] (ö. 1072), Norman Fethi öncesinde İngiltere'de Canterbury Başpiskoposu olan Anglo-Sakson bir din adamıydı. Doğum tarihi bilinmemekle beraber 1020 yılına gelindiğinde kraliyet papazı ve danışmanı olarak görev yapıyordu. 1043'te Elmham Piskoposu seçildi ve daha sonra Winchester Piskoposu ve Canterbury Başpiskoposu oldu. Stigand, birkaç Anglo-Sakson ve Norman kraliyet hanedanı üyesi olan İngiltere hükümdarının danışmanıydı ve birbiri ardına altı krala hizmet etti. Winchester ve Canterbury'nin piskoposluğunu aynı anda elinde tutma konusundaki çoğulculuğu, kısaca aynı anda iki makamı birden elinde tutması nedeniyle birkaç papa tarafından aforoz edildi. En nihayetinde 1070 yılında tahttan indirildi ve mülklerine ve kişisel servetine Fatih William tarafından el konuldu. Stigand, Winchester'da hapsedildi ve burada öldü.

Notlar[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]

^ Latince: Stigantus

Kaynakça[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]

Özel

Genel

Barlow, Frank (1970). Edward the Confessor. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-01671-8.
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Barlow, Frank (1979). The English Church 1066–1154: A History of the Anglo-Norman Church. New York: Longman. ISBN 0-582-50236-5.
Barlow, Frank (1988). The Feudal Kingdom of England 1042–1216 (Fourth bas.). New York: Longman. ISBN 0-582-49504-0.
Barlow, Frank (2003). The Godwins: The Rise and Fall of a Noble Dynasty. Londra: Pearson/Longman. ISBN 0-582-78440-9.
Bates, David (2001). William the Conqueror. Stroud, UK: Tempus. ISBN 0-7524-1980-3.
Blair, Peter Hunter (2003). An Introduction to Anglo-Saxon England (Third bas.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-53777-0.
Blumenthal, Uta-Renate (1988). The Investiture Controversy: Church and Monarchy from the Ninth to the Twelfth Century. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-1386-6.
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Cowdrey, H. E. J. (2004). "Stigand (d. 1072)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/26523. Birleşik Krallık Halk Kütüphanesi abonelik veya üyeliği gereklidir
Darlington, R. R. (July 1936). "Ecclesiastical Reform in the Late Old English Period". The English Historical Review. 51 (203): 385-428. doi:10.1093/ehr/LI.CCIII.385. JSTOR 553127.
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Douglas, David C. (1964). William the Conqueror: The Norman Impact Upon England. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. OCLC 399137.
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Greenway, Diana E. (1971). "Canterbury: Archbishops". Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300. 2: Monastic Cathedrals (Northern and Southern Provinces). Institute for Historical Research. 9 Ağustos 2011 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 23 Haziran 2008.
Higham, Nick (2000). The Death of Anglo-Saxon England. Stroud, UK: Sutton. ISBN 0-7509-2469-1.
Hill, Paul (2005). The Road to Hastings: The Politics of Power in Anglo-Saxon England. Stroud, UK: Tempus. ISBN 0-7524-3308-3.
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Lawson, M. K. (2000). Cnut: England's Viking King. Stroud, UK: Tempus. ISBN 0-7524-2964-7.
Loyn, H. R. (2000). The English Church, 940–1154. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education. ISBN 0-582-30303-6.
Mason, Emma (2004). House of Godwine: The History of Dynasty. Londra: Hambledon & London. ISBN 1-85285-389-1.
Owen-Crocker, Gale R. (2012). "Image Making: Portraits of Anglo-Saxon Church Leaders". Rumble, Alexander R. (Ed.). Leaders of the Anglo-Saxon Church: From Bede to Stigand. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell Press. ss. 109-127. ISBN 978-1-84383-700-8.
Powell, J. Enoch; Wallis, Keith (1968). The House of Lords in the Middle Ages: A History of the English House of Lords to 1540. Londra: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. OCLC 463626.
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Rumble, Alexander R. (2012). "From Winchester to Canterbury: Ælheah and Stigand – Bishops, Archbishops and Victims". Rumble, Alexander R. (Ed.). Leaders of the Anglo-Saxon Church: From Bede to Stigand. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell. ss. 165-182. ISBN 978-1-84383-700-8.
Smith, Mary Frances (1993). "Archbishop Stigand and the Eye of the Needle". Anglo-Norman Studies Volume 16. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell. ss. 199-219. ISBN 0-85115-366-6.
Smith, Mary Frances; Fleming, Robin; Halpin, Patricia (October 2001). "Court and Piety in Late Anglo-Saxon England". The Catholic Historical Review. 87 (4): 569-602. doi:10.1353/cat.2001.0189. JSTOR 25026026.
Stafford, Pauline (1997). Queen Emma and Queen Edith: Queenship and Women's Power in Eleventh-century England. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-22738-5.
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Stenton, F. M. (1971). Anglo-Saxon England (Third bas.). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-280139-5.
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Walker, Ian (2000). Harold the Last Anglo-Saxon King. Gloucestershire, UK: Wrens Park. ISBN 0-905778-46-4.
Williams, Ann (2000). The English and the Norman Conquest. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell. ISBN 0-85115-708-4.

Konuyla ilgili yayınlar[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]

Barlow, Frank (October 1958). "Two Notes: Cnut's Second Pilgrimage and Queen Emma's Disgrace in 1043". The English Historical Review. 73 (289): 649-656. doi:10.1093/ehr/LXXIII.289.649. JSTOR 557268.
John, Eric (April 1979). "Edward the Confessor and the Norman Succession". The English Historical Review. 96 (371): 241-267. doi:10.1093/ehr/XCIV.CCCLXXI.241. JSTOR 566846.

Dış bağlantılar[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]

Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England'da Stigand 1

Katolik Kilisesi unvanları
Önce gelen III. Ælfric	Elmham Piskoposu 1043	Sonra gelen Grimketel
Önce gelen Grimketel	Elmham Piskoposu 1044-1047	Sonra gelen Æthelmær
Önce gelen Winchesterlı Ælfwine	Winchester Piskoposu 1047-1070	Sonra gelen Walkelin
Önce gelen Jumiègesli Robert	Canterbury Başpiskoposu 1052-1070	Sonra gelen Lanfranc

[1] Latince: Stigantus

[a]