Cebel İhud

Jebel Irhoud veya Adrar n Ighoud (Standart Fas Tamazight: ⴰⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵖⵓⴷ, romanlaştırılmış: Adrar n Iɣud; Arapça: جبل إيغود, romanlaştırılmış: žbəl iġud), Fas'taki Safi şehrinin yaklaşık 50 km (30 mil) güneydoğusunda, Tlet Ighoud olarak bilinen bölgenin hemen kuzeyinde yer alan bir arkeolojik sit alanıdır. 1960 yılında sitenin keşfedilmesinden bu yana orada bulunan hominin fosilleriyle dikkat çekiyor. Başlangıçta Neandertaller olduğu düşünülüyor, örnekler o zamandan beri Homo sapiens'e atandı ve 2017'de bildirildiği üzere kabaca 300.000 yıl öncesine tarihlendi (Irhoud 3 çene kemiği için 286 ± 32 ka, Diğer fosillere ve yakınlarda bulunan çakmaktaşı eserlere göre 315 ± 34 ka).^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

Kaynakça[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]

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- Richter, Daniel; Grün, Rainer; Joannes-Boyau, Renaud; Steele, Teresa E.; Amani, Fethi; Rué, Mathieu; Fernandes, Paul; Raynal, Jean-Paul; Geraads, Denis; Ben-Ncer, Abdelouahed; Hublin, Jean-Jacques; McPherron, Shannon P. (8 Haziran 2017). "The age of the hominin fossils from Jebel Irhoud, Morocco, and the origins of the Middle Stone Age". Nature. 546 (7657). ss. 293-296. Bibcode:2017Natur.546..293R. doi:10.1038/nature22335. PMID 28593967.
- "Here we report the ages, determined by thermoluminescence dating, of fire-heated flint artefacts obtained from new excavations at the Middle Stone Age site of Jebel Irhoud, Morocco, which are directly associated with newly discovered remains of H. sapiens8. A weighted average age places these Middle Stone Age artefacts and fossils at 315 ± 34 thousand years ago. Support is obtained through the recalculated uranium series with electron spin resonance date of 286 ± 32 thousand years ago for a tooth from the Irhoud 3 hominin mandible.";
- Smith, Tanya M.; Tafforeau, Paul; Reid, Donald J.; Grün, Rainer; Eggins, Stephen; Boutakiout, Mohamed; Hublin, Jean-Jacques (10 Nisan 2007). "Earliest evidence of modern human life history in North African early Homo sapiens". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 104 (15). ss. 6128-6133. Bibcode:2007PNAS..104.6128S. doi:10.1073/pnas.0700747104 . PMC 1828706 $2. PMID 17372199.
^ Callaway, Ewan (7 Haziran 2017). "Oldest Homo sapiens fossil claim rewrites our species' history". Nature. doi:10.1038/nature.2017.22114. 16 Kasım 2017 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 5 Temmuz 2017.
^ McNish, James (7 Haziran 2017). "Oldest known Homo sapiens fossils discovered in Morocco". Natural History Museum, London (İngilizce). 20 Mart 2018 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 1 Kasım 2022.
^ "The first of our kind: scientists discover the oldest Homo sapiens fossils at Jebel Irhoud, Morocco". Southern Cross University. 8 Haziran 2017. 28 Haziran 2022 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 1 Kasım 2022.

[nature22335-1] 
Richter, Daniel; Grün, Rainer; Joannes-Boyau, Renaud; Steele, Teresa E.; Amani, Fethi; Rué, Mathieu; Fernandes, Paul; Raynal, Jean-Paul; Geraads, Denis; Ben-Ncer, Abdelouahed; Hublin, Jean-Jacques; McPherron, Shannon P. (8 Haziran 2017). "The age of the hominin fossils from Jebel Irhoud, Morocco, and the origins of the Middle Stone Age". Nature. 546 (7657). ss. 293-296. Bibcode:2017Natur.546..293R. doi:10.1038/nature22335. PMID 28593967.

"Here we report the ages, determined by thermoluminescence dating, of fire-heated flint artefacts obtained from new excavations at the Middle Stone Age site of Jebel Irhoud, Morocco, which are directly associated with newly discovered remains of H. sapiens8. A weighted average age places these Middle Stone Age artefacts and fossils at 315 ± 34 thousand years ago. Support is obtained through the recalculated uranium series with electron spin resonance date of 286 ± 32 thousand years ago for a tooth from the Irhoud 3 hominin mandible.";

Smith, Tanya M.; Tafforeau, Paul; Reid, Donald J.; Grün, Rainer; Eggins, Stephen; Boutakiout, Mohamed; Hublin, Jean-Jacques (10 Nisan 2007). "Earliest evidence of modern human life history in North African early Homo sapiens". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 104 (15). ss. 6128-6133. Bibcode:2007PNAS..104.6128S. doi:10.1073/pnas.0700747104 . PMC 1828706 $2. PMID 17372199.

[2] Richter, Daniel; Grün, Rainer; Joannes-Boyau, Renaud; Steele, Teresa E.; Amani, Fethi; Rué, Mathieu; Fernandes, Paul; Raynal, Jean-Paul; Geraads, Denis; Ben-Ncer, Abdelouahed; Hublin, Jean-Jacques; McPherron, Shannon P. (8 Haziran 2017). "The age of the hominin fossils from Jebel Irhoud, Morocco, and the origins of the Middle Stone Age". Nature. 546 (7657). ss. 293-296. Bibcode:2017Natur.546..293R. doi:10.1038/nature22335. PMID 28593967.

[3] "Here we report the ages, determined by thermoluminescence dating, of fire-heated flint artefacts obtained from new excavations at the Middle Stone Age site of Jebel Irhoud, Morocco, which are directly associated with newly discovered remains of H. sapiens8. A weighted average age places these Middle Stone Age artefacts and fossils at 315 ± 34 thousand years ago. Support is obtained through the recalculated uranium series with electron spin resonance date of 286 ± 32 thousand years ago for a tooth from the Irhoud 3 hominin mandible.";

[4] Smith, Tanya M.; Tafforeau, Paul; Reid, Donald J.; Grün, Rainer; Eggins, Stephen; Boutakiout, Mohamed; Hublin, Jean-Jacques (10 Nisan 2007). "Earliest evidence of modern human life history in North African early Homo sapiens". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 104 (15). ss. 6128-6133. Bibcode:2007PNAS..104.6128S. doi:10.1073/pnas.0700747104 . PMC 1828706 $2. PMID 17372199.

[2] Callaway, Ewan (7 Haziran 2017). "Oldest Homo sapiens fossil claim rewrites our species' history". Nature. doi:10.1038/nature.2017.22114. 16 Kasım 2017 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 5 Temmuz 2017.

[3] McNish, James (7 Haziran 2017). "Oldest known Homo sapiens fossils discovered in Morocco". Natural History Museum, London (İngilizce). 20 Mart 2018 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 1 Kasım 2022.

[4] "The first of our kind: scientists discover the oldest Homo sapiens fossils at Jebel Irhoud, Morocco". Southern Cross University. 8 Haziran 2017. 28 Haziran 2022 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 1 Kasım 2022.

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