1982 Lübnan Savaşı

1982 Lübnan Savaşı
Tarih	6 Haziran 1982 - 5 Haziran 1985
Bölge	Güney Lübnan
Sonuç	İsrail'in zaferi ve Güney Lübnan'ın işgali
Taraflar
İsrail ; Lübnan Cephesi ; Ketaib Partisi ; Güney Lübnan Ordusu	Suriye ; Filistin Kurtuluş Örgütü ; Hizbullah (Lübnan) ; Emel Hareketi ; ASALA ; PKK ; El-Murabitun ; Lübnan Komünist Partisi ; Tevhid Hareketi
Komutanlar ve liderler
Menahem Begin	Hafız Esad; Yaser Arafat ; Abbas Musavi ; Monte Melkonyan ; Mahsum Korkmaz

1982 Lübnan Savaşı, İsrail Savunma Kuvvetleri'nin güney Lübnan'ı işgal etmesiyle 6 Haziran 1982'de başladı. Askeri operasyon, Abu Nidal'ın silahlı grubundan silahlı kişilerin İsrail'in Birleşik Krallık Büyükelçisi Shlomo Argov'a suikast girişiminde bulunmasının ardından başlatıldı.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

İsrail ordusu, Filistin Kurtuluş Örgütü'nün yanı sıra Suriye, solcu ve İslamcı Lübnan güçlerinin yanı sıra ASALA ve PKK'ya da saldırdıktan sonra, Maronit müttefikleri ve kendine özgü Özgür Lübnan Devleti ile işbirliği içinde güney Lübnan'ı işgal etti ve sonunda FKÖ'yü kuşattı. Suriye Ordusu unsurları. Batı Beyrut'ta kuşatılan ve ağır bombardımana maruz kalan FKÖ güçleri ve müttefikleri, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Özel Elçisi Philip Habib'in yardımıyla ve uluslararası barış güçlerinin korumasıyla Lübnan'dan geçiş müzakerelerini yürüttü. Yaser Arafat başkanlığındaki FKÖ, Haziran 1982'de genel merkezini Trablus'a taşımıştı. İsrail, FKÖ'yü ihraç ederek, Suriye'nin Lübnan üzerindeki nüfuzunu ortadan kaldırarak ve Başkan Beşir Cümeyyil liderliğinde İsrail yanlısı bir Maronit Hristiyan hükümet (daha sonra devrildi) kurarak, bir anlaşma imzalamayı umuyordu.^[6] Savaşın yerini Lübnan İç Savaşı aldı, ardından Güney Lübnan Devleti sona erdi ve İsrail Kuvvetleri geri çekildi. Lübnan İç Savaşı, Suriye'nin Lübnan üzerinde tam hakimiyet kurduğu 1990 yılına kadar devam edecekti.^[7]

Kaynakça[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]

^ Tucker, Spencer C.; Roberts, Priscilla (2008). The Encyclopedia of the Arab-Israeli Conflict. A Political, Social, and Military. ABC-CLIO. s. 623. ISBN 978-1-85109-841-5.
^ Bickerton, Ian J. (2009). The Arab-Israeli Conflict: A History. Bloomsbury Publishing. s. 151. ISBN 978-1-86189-527-1.
^ Martin, Gus (2013). Understanding Terrorism: Challenges, Perspectives, and Issues. Sage Publications. ISBN 978-1-4522-0582-3. 9 Ekim 2022 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 6 Eylül 2023. The operation was called Operation Peace for Galilee and was launched in reply to ongoing PLO attacks from its Lebanese bases.
^ [Ze'ev Schiff, Ehud Ya'ari, Israel's Lebanon War, Simon and Schuster 1985 pp.98f:'Argov had been shot by an unusual weapon of Polish manufacture known as a WZ 63, . . Israeli intelligence knew that this late-model weapon had been supplied to Abu Nidal's organization but not yet to other terrorist groups. . . The key point that the intelligence officers wanted to convey to the Cabinet was that Abu Nidal's organization was an exception among the Palestinian terror groups. Once among Yasser Arafat's closest friends, Abu Nidal had over the years turned into the chairman's most vicious enemy . .Abu Nidal referred to Arafat contemptuously as "the Jewess's son" and had made repeated attempts on his life. Arafat, in return, had pronounced a death sentence on Abu Nidal.'
^ Kai Bird, The Good Spy: The Life and Death of Robert Ames, Random House 2014 p.288:'When Prime Minister Menachem Begin was told that the assassins were Abu Nidal's men -sworn enemies of Arafat and the PLO- he reportedly scoffed,"They're all PLO, Abu Nidal, Abu Shmidal- we have to strike at the PLO".'
^ Friedman, p. 157
^ Morris, Benny: Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881–1998

[1] Tucker, Spencer C.; Roberts, Priscilla (2008). The Encyclopedia of the Arab-Israeli Conflict. A Political, Social, and Military. ABC-CLIO. s. 623. ISBN 978-1-85109-841-5.

[2] Bickerton, Ian J. (2009). The Arab-Israeli Conflict: A History. Bloomsbury Publishing. s. 151. ISBN 978-1-86189-527-1.

[3] Martin, Gus (2013). Understanding Terrorism: Challenges, Perspectives, and Issues. Sage Publications. ISBN 978-1-4522-0582-3. 9 Ekim 2022 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 6 Eylül 2023. The operation was called Operation Peace for Galilee and was launched in reply to ongoing PLO attacks from its Lebanese bases.

[4] [Ze'ev Schiff, Ehud Ya'ari, Israel's Lebanon War, Simon and Schuster 1985 pp.98f:'Argov had been shot by an unusual weapon of Polish manufacture known as a WZ 63, . . Israeli intelligence knew that this late-model weapon had been supplied to Abu Nidal's organization but not yet to other terrorist groups. . . The key point that the intelligence officers wanted to convey to the Cabinet was that Abu Nidal's organization was an exception among the Palestinian terror groups. Once among Yasser Arafat's closest friends, Abu Nidal had over the years turned into the chairman's most vicious enemy . .Abu Nidal referred to Arafat contemptuously as "the Jewess's son" and had made repeated attempts on his life. Arafat, in return, had pronounced a death sentence on Abu Nidal.'

[5] Kai Bird, The Good Spy: The Life and Death of Robert Ames, Random House 2014 p.288:'When Prime Minister Menachem Begin was told that the assassins were Abu Nidal's men -sworn enemies of Arafat and the PLO- he reportedly scoffed,"They're all PLO, Abu Nidal, Abu Shmidal- we have to strike at the PLO".'

[6] Friedman, p. 157

[Morris-7] Morris, Benny: Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881–1998

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