Michigan sayfasının kaynağını görüntüle

{{Diğer anlamı2|Michigan}}
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'''Michigan''' ({{Ses|en-us-Michigan.ogg|/ˈmɪʃɨɡən/}}), [[Amerika Birleşik Devletleri|ABD]]'nin [[Ortabatı eyaletleri|Ortabatı]] bölgesindeki [[eyalet]]lerinden birisidir. Michigan ismi yerli Amerikan dillerinden [[Ojibwe]] dilinde "büyük su" ya da "büyük göl" anlamına gelen ''mişigama'' sözcüğünden bölgenin ilk yerleşimcileri olan Fransızlar tarafından uyarlanmıştır.<ref name="MiB-pdf">{{Web kaynağı | url = http://www.michigan.gov/documents/hal_lm_MiB_156795_7.pdf | başlık = Michigan in Brief: Information About the State of Michigan | erişimtarihi = 28 Kasım 2006 | yayımcı = Michigan.gov | biçim = PDF | arşivurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303183432/http://www.michigan.gov/documents/hal_lm_MiB_156795_7.pdf | arşivtarihi = 3 Mart 2016 | ölüurl =hayır}}</ref><ref name="fla4">{{Web kaynağı | url = http://www.freelang.net/online/ojibwe.php?lg=gb | başlık = Freelang Ojibwe Dictionary | erişimtarihi =  | yayımcı = Freelang.net | arşivurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160312095724/http://www.freelang.net/online/ojibwe.php?lg=gb | arşivtarihi = 12 Mart 2016 | ölüurl =hayır}}</ref>

Michigan  nüfus açısından ABD'nin 8. büyük eyaletidir. Eyalet aynı zamanda [[Great Lakes]] adlı büyük [[göl]]leri ile ünlüdür. Dünyada tatlı sulara kıyısı olan en büyük eyalettir.<ref>{{Web kaynağı | url = http://coastalmanagement.noaa.gov/mystate/mi.html | başlık = NOAA Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management: My State: Michigan | erişimtarihi =  | arşivurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20151105124542/http://coastalmanagement.noaa.gov/mystate/mi.html | arşivtarihi = 5 Kasım 2015 | ölüurl =hayır}}</ref> Kayıtlı su taşıtları açısından ABD eyaletleri açısından 3. sıradadır.<ref>{{Web kaynağı | url = http://www.discoverboating.com/info/pressrelease.aspx?id=14361 | başlık = Press Release: The States of Boating: Report Shows Where Americans Take to the Water Most | erişimtarihi =  | arşivurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304135712/http://www.discoverboating.com/info/pressrelease.aspx?id=14361 | arşivtarihi = 4 Mart 2016 | ölüurl =evet}}</ref> Eyaletteki hiçbir nokta bir göl kaynağına yaklaşık 10&nbsp;km'den daha ve bir [[Great Lakes]] kıyısına 88&nbsp;km'den daha uzak değildir.

En büyük şehirleri [[Detroit]], [[Grand Rapids, Michigan|Grand Rapids]], [[Lansing]] ve [[Ann Arbor]]'dur. Eyaletin başkenti [[Lansing]]'dir. Eyalet [[Mackinac boğazları|Mackinac]] boğazının ([[:en:Straits of Mackinac]]) üstünde kalan Kuzey (Upper) Yarımada ve aşağıda kalan (Lower) Güney Yarımada olarak iki ayrı yarımada ve birçok küçük adalardan oluşur. Yeryüzünde ilk otomobilin yürümüş olduğu [[Woodward]] caddesi [[Detroit]] merkezinden dış banliyölere kadar uzanır. Bu tarihi olaya bağlı olarak halihazırda tüm dünyada en çok otomobilin üretildiği şehirdir. [[General Motors]], [[Ford Motor Şirketi|Ford]] ve [[Chrysler]] firmalarının genel merkezleri ve birçok otomobil ve yan sanayisi fabrikaları [[Detroit]]'tedir. Eyaletin kuzeyi doğal turizm açısından (göller, ormanlar, kamp yerleri, sahil) kış aylarında sert olmasına karşın çekicidir.

* ''Michigan'ın aşağı yarımadası'' (en: [[:en:Lower Peninsula of Michigan|Lower Peninsula of Michigan]]) ''ve yukarı yarımadası'' (en: [[:en:Upper Peninsula of Michigan|Upper Peninsula of Michigan]]): Michigan aşağı (Güney) ve yukarı (Kuzey) olmak üzere 2 büyük yarımadadan oluşmaktadır. Asıl isminde aşağı yarımadadan alır ve nüfusun büyük bir bölümü burada yaşamaktadır. Aşağı yarımadayı bir ele benzeten Michigan'lılar "Michigan'in neresindensin?" sorusuna sağ ellerinin içindeki bir noktayı işaret ederler. Örneğin Detroit'te yaşayan birisi sağ elinin başparmağının biraz altını gösterecektir. Bunun bir sebebi de eyalette 1000'e yakın şehir olmasıdır. Yukarı yarımadada ise nüfus az olmasına karşın  önemli turizm merkezleri ve doğal kaynaklar vardır.

{{Türkçe değil}}

== Tarihi ==
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Michigan was home to various [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] centuries before [[European colonization of the Americas|colonization by Europeans]]. When the first European explorers arrived, the most populous and influential tribes were [[Algonquian peoples]]—specifically, the [[Ottawa (tribe)|Ottawa]], the [[Ojibwe|Anishnabe]] (called "Chippewa" in French, after their language, "Ojibwe"), and the [[Potawatomi]]. The Anishnabe, whose numbers are estimated to have been between 25,000 and 35,000, were the most populous.

Although the Anishnabe were well-established in Michigan's Upper Peninsula and northern Lower Peninsula, they also inhabited northern [[Ontario]], northern [[Wisconsin]], southern [[Manitoba]], and northern and north-central [[Minnesota]]. The Ottawa lived primarily south of the Straits of Mackinac in northern and western Michigan, while the Potawatomi were primarily in the southwest. The three nations co-existed peacefully as part of a loose confederation called the [[Council of Three Fires]]. Other First Nations people in Michigan, in the south and east, were the [[Mascouten]], the [[Menominee]], the [[Miami (tribe)|Miami]], and the [[Wyandot]], who are better known by their French name, "Huron".
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=== 17. yüzyıl ===
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French ''[[Coureur des bois|voyageurs]]'' explored and settled in Michigan in the 17th century. The first Europeans to reach what later became Michigan were those of [[Étienne Brûlé]]'s expedition in 1622. The first permanent European settlement was made in 1668 on the site where Father (''Père'', in French) [[Jacques Marquette]] established [[Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan|Sault Sainte-Marie]].<ref>{{Web kaynağı | url = http://www.legislature.mi.gov/documents/publications/manual/2003-2004/2003-mm-0003-0019-Chron.pdf | başlık = Chronology of Michigan History | erişimtarihi = 30 Eylül 2009 | arşivurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20160304114738/http://www.legislature.mi.gov/documents/publications/manual/2003-2004/2003-mm-0003-0019-Chron.pdf | arşivtarihi = 4 Mart 2016}}</ref>

[[Saint Ignace, Michigan|Saint Ignace]] was founded in 1671 and [[Marquette, Michigan|Marquette]] in 1675. Together with Sault Sainte-Marie, they are the three oldest cities in Michigan. "The Soo" (Sault Ste. Marie) has the distinction of being the oldest city in both Michigan and Ontario. It was split into two cities in 1818, a year after the U.S.-Canada boundary in the Great Lakes was finally established by the U.S.-U.K. Joint Border Commission.

In 1679, [[Robert Cavelier Sieur de la Salle|Lord La Salle]] of France directed the construction of the ''[[Le Griffon|Griffin]]'', the first European sailing vessel on the upper Great Lakes. That same year, La Salle built [[Fort Miami (Michigan)|Fort Miami]] at present-day [[St. Joseph, Michigan|St. Joseph]].
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=== 18. yüzyıl ===
[[Dosya:Michigan 1718.jpg|küçükresim|upright=0.91|sağ|Michigan in 1718, [[Guillaume de L'Isle]] map, approximate state area highlighted.]]
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In 1701 French explorer and army officer [[Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac]] founded [[Le Fort Ponchartrain du Détroit]] or "Fort Ponchartrain on-the-Strait" on the strait between Lakes St. Clair and Erie, known as the [[Detroit River]]. Cadillac had convinced [[Louis XIV of France|King Louis XIV's]] chief minister, [[Louis Phélypeaux (1643-1727)|Louis Phélypeaux, Comte de Pontchartrain]], that a permanent community there would strengthen French control over the upper Great Lakes and repel [[Kingdom of Great Britain|British]] aspirations.

The hundred soldiers and workers who accompanied Cadillac built a fort enclosing one [[arpent]]<ref name=tbaytel>{{Web kaynağı | url = http://my.tbaytel.net/bmartin/cadillac.htm | başlık = Cadillac's Village or Detroit under Cadillac. | erişimtarihi = 5 Ocak 2007 | arşivurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20160303191412/http://my.tbaytel.net/bmartin/cadillac.htm | arşivtarihi = 3 Mart 2016}}</ref><ref name=histdet>{{Web kaynağı | url = http://www.historydetroit.com/places/fort_ponchartrain.asp | başlık = History Detroit 1701-2001 | erişimtarihi = 5 Ocak 2007 | arşivurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20120317105008/http://www.historydetroit.com/places/fort_ponchartrain.asp | arşivtarihi = 17 Mart 2012}}</ref> (about .85&nbsp;acre, the equivalent of just under {{dönüştürme|200|ft|m}} per side) and named it [[Fort Pontchartrain]]. Cadillac's wife, [[Marie Thérèse]], soon moved to Detroit, becoming one of the first white women to settle in the Michigan wilderness. The town quickly became a major [[fur trade|fur-trading]] and shipping post. The "Église de Saint-Anne" (Church of Saint Ann) was founded the same year. While the original building does not survive, the congregation of that name continues to be active today.

At the same time, the French strengthened [[Fort Michilimackinac]] at the Straits of Mackinac to better control their lucrative fur-trading empire. By the mid-eighteenth century, the French also occupied forts at present-day [[Niles, Michigan|Niles]] and Sault Ste. Marie, though most of the rest of the region remained unsettled by Europeans.

From 1660 to the end of French rule, Michigan was part of the Royal Province of [[New France]].<ref>The Province also included the modern states of Wisconsin, eastern Minnesota, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee, Mississippi, Alabama, two-thirds of Georgia, and small parts of West Virginia, Pennsylvania, New York, Vermont, and Maine</ref> In 1759, following the [[Battle of the Plains of Abraham]], in the [[French and Indian War]] (1754–1763), Québec City fell to British forces. Under the 1763 [[Treaty of Paris (1763)|Treaty of Paris]], Michigan and the rest of New France passed to Great Britain.<ref>''The Encyclopædia Britannica'', p. 158. 11th ed. (1910).</ref>

During the [[American Revolutionary War]], Detroit was an important British supply center, but most of the inhabitants were either Native Americans or French-Canadians. Because of imprecise cartography and unclear language defining the boundaries in the 1763 Treaty of Paris, the British retained control of Detroit and Michigan. When Quebec was split into Lower and Upper Canada in 1790, Michigan was part of [[Kent County, Ontario|Kent County]], Upper Canada. It held its first democratic elections in August 1792 to send delegates to the new provincial parliament at Newark (now [[Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario|Niagara-on-the-Lake]]).<ref name=SFarmer>{{kitap kaynağı | last = Farmer | first = Silas | title = The history of Detroit and Michigan; or, The metropolis illustrated; a full record of territorial days in Michigan, and the annals of Wayne County | origyear = 1889 | url = http://name.umdl.umich.edu/bad1459.0001.001 | erişimtarihi = 15 Haziran 2006 | year = 2005 | yayıncı = University of Michigan Library | location = Ann Arbor, Mich. | pages = 94 | chapter = Legislatures and Laws | chapterurl = http://www.hti.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=micounty;cc=micounty;rgn=full%20text;idno=BAD1459.0001.001;didno=BAD1459.0001.001;view=image;seq=00000152
}}</ref>

Under terms negotiated in the 1794 [[Jay Treaty]], Britain withdrew from Detroit and Michilimackinac in 1796. Questions remained over the boundary for many years, and the United States did not have uncontested control of the Upper Peninsula and [[Drummond Island]] until 1818 and 1847, respectively.
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=== 19. yüzyıl ===
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During the [[War of 1812]], [[Michigan Territory]] (effectively consisting of Detroit and the surrounding area) was captured by the British and nominally returned to Upper Canada. American forces forced the British out in 1813 and pushed into Canada.

The [[Treaty of Ghent]] implemented the policy of "Status Quo Ante Bellum" or "Just as Things Were Before the War." That meant Michigan stayed American, and the agreement to establish a joint US-UK boundary commission also remained valid. Subsequent to the findings of that commission in 1817, control of the Upper Peninsula and of islands in the St. Clair River delta was transferred from Ontario to Michigan in 1818. Mackinac Island (to which the British had moved their Michilimackinac army base) was transferred to the U.S. in 1847.
[[Dosya:Hauling at Thomas Foster's, by Jenney, J A (detail).jpg|küçükresim|sağ|Lumbering pines in the late 1800s]]
The population grew slowly until the opening of the [[Erie Canal]] in 1825. This brought a large influx of settlers to Michigan because it made transportation by ships through the Great Lakes possible. By the 1830s, Michigan had 80,000 residents, which were more than enough to apply for statehood.

In 1836 a state government was formed, although [[United States Congress|Congressional]] recognition of the state was delayed pending resolution of a boundary dispute with [[Ohio]]. Both states claimed a 468-square-mile (1,210&nbsp;km²) strip of land that included the newly incorporated city of [[Toledo, Ohio|Toledo]] on Lake Erie and an area to the west then known as the "[[Great Black Swamp]]." The dispute came to be called the [[Toledo War]]. Michigan and Ohio militia maneuvered in the area but never exchanged fire. Congress awarded the "Toledo Strip" to [[Ohio]]. Michigan received the western part of the Upper Peninsula as a concession and formally entered the Union on January 26, 1837.

Thought to be nearly valueless, the Upper Peninsula was discovered to be a rich and important source of lumber, iron, and copper. These became the state's most sought-after natural resources and generated early wealth. Geologist [[Douglass Houghton]] and land surveyor [[William Austin Burt]] were among the first to document many of these resources. Developers rushed to the state. Michigan led the nation in lumber production from 1850s to the 1880s. The lumber harvested in Michigan was shipped to the rapidly developing prairie states, Chicago, to the [[Eastern United States|eastern states]], and even all of the way to Europe.

The first official meeting of the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]] took place July 6, 1854 in [[Jackson, Michigan]], where the party adopted its platform. Michigan made [[Michigan in the American Civil War|a significant contribution]] to the [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]] in the [[American Civil War]] and sent more than forty regiments of volunteers to the Federal armies.

===20. yüzyıldan bugüne===
{{ayrıca bakınız|History of Ford Motor Company}}
Michigan's economy underwent a massive change at the turn of the 20th century. The [[History of the automobile|birth of the automotive industry]], with [[Henry Ford]]'s first plant in [[Highland Park, Michigan|Highland Park]], marked the beginning of a new era in transportation. Like the steamship and railroad, it was a far-reaching development. More than the forms of public transportation, the automobile transformed private life. It became the major industry of [[Detroit]] and Michigan, and permanently altered the socio-economic life of the United States and much of the world. [[Grand Rapids, Michigan|Grand Rapids]], the second-largest city in Michigan, is also a center of automotive manufacturing. Since 1838, the city had also been noted for its thriving furniture industry. Started because of ready sources of lumber, the furniture industry declined in the late 20th century.

Michigan held its first [[United States presidential primary]] election in 1910, and in 1920 Detroit's WWJ became the first radio station in the United States to regularly broadcast commercial programs. Throughout that decade some of the country's largest and most ornate [[List of tallest buildings in Detroit|skyscrapers]] were built in the city. Particularly noteworthy are the [[Fisher Building]], [[Cadillac Place]], and the [[Guardian Building]] which are National Historic Landmarks.

Detroit boomed through the 1950s, at one point doubling its population in a decade. After the 1950s, Detroit's population began to shift to its suburbs, accelerating after racial strife in the 1960s and high crime rates in the 1970s and 1980s.

Michigan is the leading auto producing state in the U.S. even though some of the industry has shifted to less expensive labor overseas and in the [[Southern United States]].<ref name= NAM>National Association of Manufacturers (February 2008).[http://www.nam.org/~/media/Files/State_Data/Michigan.ashx Facts about Michigan Manufacturing]. Retrieved on January 11, 2009.</ref> With more than ten million residents, Michigan remains a large and influential state, ranking eighth in population among the fifty states.

The [[Metro Detroit]] area in the southeast corner of the state is the largest metropolitan area in Michigan (roughly 50% of the population resides there) and one of the ten largest metropolitan areas in the country. The [[Grand Rapids, Michigan|Grand Rapids]]/[[Holland, Michigan|Holland]]/[[Muskegon, Michigan|Muskegon]] metropolitan area on the west side of the state is the fastest growing metro area in the state presently, with over 1.3&nbsp;million residents as of 2006.

Metro Detroit's population is growing, and Detroit's population is still shrinking, though strong redevelopment in central part of the cities and a significant rise in population in the outskirts of the city are contributing to some population inflow. A period of economic transition, especially in manufacturing, has caused economic difficulties in the region since the [[Early 2000s recession|recession of 2001]].
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== Yönetim ==
[[Dosya:Michigan State Capitol Muses.jpg|küçükresim|sağ|upright=0.91| [[Michigan State Capitol]], Lansing ]]
{{ayrıca bakınız|List of Governors of Michigan|United States congressional delegations from Michigan}}

=== Eyalet yönetimi ===
{{Ana|Government of Michigan}}
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Michigan is governed as a [[republic]], with three [[separation of powers|branches of government]]: the [[executive branch]] consisting of the [[Governor of Michigan]] and the other independently elected constitutional officers; the [[legislative branch]] consisting of the [[Michigan State House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] and [[Michigan Senate|Senate]]; and the [[judicial branch]] consisting of the [[Michigan Court System|one court of justice]]. The state also allows direct participation of the electorate by [[initiative]], [[referendum]], [[recall election|recall]], and [[ratification]]. [[Lansing, Michigan|Lansing]] is the [[list of capitals in the United States|state capital]] and is home to all three branches of state government.

The [[Governor of Michigan]] and the other state constitutional officers serve four-year terms and may be re-elected only once. The current [[Governor of Michigan|Governor]] is [[Jennifer Granholm]]. Michigan has two official [[Michigan Governor's Residence|Governor's Residences]]; one is in Lansing, and the other is at [[Mackinac Island]].

The [[Michigan Legislature]] consists of a 38-member [[Michigan Senate|Senate]] and 110-member [[Michigan State House of Representatives|House of Representatives]]. Senators serve four-year terms and Representatives two. The [[Michigan State Capitol]] was dedicated in 1879 and has hosted the state's executive and legislative branches ever since.
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=== Hukuk ===
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The [[Michigan Court System]] consists of two courts with primary jurisdiction (the Circuit Courts and the District Courts), one intermediate level appellate court (the [[Michigan Court of Appeals]]), and the [[Michigan Supreme Court]]. There are several administrative courts and specialized courts. The [[Michigan Constitution]] provides for voter initiative and referendum (Article II, § 9,<ref>{{Web kaynağı | url = http://www.legislature.mi.gov/printDocument.aspx?objName=mcl-article-ii-9&version=txt | başlık = Article II, § 9 of state constitution | erişimtarihi =  | arşivurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20160101063055/http://www.legislature.mi.gov/(S(uf0yc4jnohcwx0zvrqb3cbdg))/printDocument.aspx?objName=mcl-article-ii-9&version=txt | arşivtarihi = 1 Ocak 2016}}</ref> defined as "the power to propose laws and to enact and reject laws, called the initiative, and the power to approve or reject laws enacted by the legislature, called the referendum. The power of initiative extends only to laws which the legislature may enact under this constitution").

Michigan was the first state in the Union, as well as the first English-speaking government in the world,<ref>{{Web kaynağı | url = http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/article.php?scid=11&did=276 | başlık = Information on States Without the Death Penalty | erişimtarihi =  | arşivurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20080512101233/http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org:80/article.php?scid=11&did=276 | arşivtarihi = 12 Mayıs 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Web kaynağı | url = http://www.amnestyusa.org/abolish/event2/history.html | başlık = History of the Death Penalty - Faith in Action - Working to Abolish the Death Penalty | erişimtarihi =  | arşivurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20100306203103/http://www.amnestyusa.org:80/abolish/event2/history.html | arşivtarihi = 6 Mart 2010}}</ref> [[Capital punishment in Michigan|to abolish the death penalty]], in 1846. [[David Chardavoyne]] has suggested that the [[Abolitionism|abolitionist]] movement in Michigan grew as a result of enmity towards the state's neighbor, Canada, which under British rule made public executions a regular practice.
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=== Politika ===
{{ayrıca bakınız|Elections in Michigan|Political party strength in Michigan}}
[[Dosya:Granholm speaking to troops, Lansing, 1 Dec, 2005.jpg|küçükresim|upright=0.91|Michigan Valisi [[Jennifer Granholm]] (D).]]

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=== İdari bölünmeler ===
{{Ana|Administrative divisions of Michigan}}
{{ayrıca bakınız|List of Michigan county seats|List of counties in Michigan|List of municipalities in Michigan (by population)}}

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State government is decentralized among three tiers — statewide, county and township. Counties are administrative divisions of the state, and townships are administrative divisions of a county. Both of them exercise state government authority, localized to meet the particular needs of their jurisdictions, as provided by state law. There are 83 [[List of counties in Michigan|counties in Michigan]].

Cities, [[State university system|state universities]], and villages are vested with [[home rule]] powers of varying degrees. Home rule cities can generally do anything that is not prohibited by law. The fifteen state universities have broad power and can do anything within the parameters of their status as educational institutions that is not prohibited by the state constitution. Villages, by contrast, have limited home rule and are not completely autonomous from the county and township in which they are located.

There are two types of [[Civil township|township]] in Michigan: ''general law'' township and ''charter''. [[Charter township]] status was created by the Legislature in 1947 and grants additional powers and stream-lined administration in order to provide greater protection against annexation by a city. As of April 2001, there were 127 charter townships in Michigan. In general, charter townships have many of the same powers as a city but without the same level of obligations. For example, a charter township can have its own fire department, water and sewer department, police department, and so on—just like a city—but it is not ''required'' to have those things, whereas cities ''must'' provide those services. Charter townships can opt to use county-wide services instead, such as deputies from the county sheriff's office instead of a home-based force of ordinance officers.
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== Coğrafya ==
[[Dosya:Michigan.svg|upright=0.91|küçükresim|Bölgesel suları da içeren Michigan haritası.]][[Dosya:Sleeping Bear Dune Aerial View.jpg|küçükresim|upright=0.91|[[Sleeping Bear Dunes|Sleeping Bear]]Kum Tepeleri'nin havadan görüntüsü]]
[[Dosya:Pointe Mouillee.jpg|küçükresim|upright=0.91|Pointe Mouillee Oyun Alanı]]
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Michigan consists of two peninsulas that lie between 82°30' to about 90°30' west longitude, and are separated by the Straits of Mackinac. With the exception of two small areas that are drained by the [[Mississippi River]] by way of the [[Wisconsin River]] in the Upper Peninsula and by way of the [[Kankakee River|Kankakee]]-[[Illinois River]] in the Lower Peninsula, Michigan is drained by the [[Great Lakes]]-[[St. Lawrence River|St. Lawrence]] watershed and is the only state with the majority of its land thus drained.

The Great Lakes that border Michigan from east to west are [[Lake Erie]], Lake Huron, Lake Michigan and [[Lake Superior]]. It has more [[lighthouse]]s than any other state. The state is bounded on the south by the states of Ohio and Indiana, sharing land and water boundaries with both. Michigan's western boundaries are almost entirely water boundaries, from south to north, with Illinois and Wisconsin in Lake Michigan; then a land boundary with Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula, that is principally demarcated by the [[Menominee River|Menominee]] and [[Montreal River]]s; then water boundaries again, in Lake Superior, with Wisconsin and Minnesota to the west, capped around by the Canadian province of Ontario to the north and east.

The heavily forested [[Upper Peninsula of Michigan|Upper Peninsula]] is relatively mountainous in the west. The [[Porcupine Mountains]], which are part of one of the oldest mountain chains in the world,<ref>{{Web kaynağı | url = http://www.michigan.gov/dnr/0,1607,7-153-10319-54024--,00.html | başlık = Michigan Dept. of Natural Resources | erişimtarihi =  | arşivurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20160303173928/http://www.michigan.gov/dnr/0,1607,7-153-10319-54024--,00.html | arşivtarihi = 3 Mart 2016}}</ref> rise to an altitude of almost 2,000 [[foot (unit of length|feet]] (610&nbsp;m) above sea level and form the watershed between the streams flowing into Lake Superior and Lake Michigan. The surface on either side of this range is rugged. The state's highest point, in the [[Huron Mountains]] northwest of Marquette, is [[Mount Arvon]] at {{dönüştürme|1979|ft|m|abbr=off}}. The peninsula is as large as Connecticut, Delaware, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island combined but has fewer than 330,000 inhabitants. They are sometimes called "Yoopers" (from "U.P.'ers"), and their speech (the "[[Yooper dialect]]") has been heavily influenced by the numerous [[Scandinavia]]n and Canadian immigrants who settled the area during the lumbering and mining boom of the late nineteenth century.

[[Dosya:Lower Michigan Region Map.png|küçükresim|sol|The regions of the [[Lower Peninsula of Michigan]].]]

The [[Lower Peninsula of Michigan|Lower Peninsula]], shaped like a mitten, is {{dönüştürme|277|mi|km|abbr=off}} long from north to south and {{dönüştürme|195|mi|km|abbr=off}} from east to west and occupies nearly two-thirds of the state's land area. The surface of the peninsula is generally level, broken by conical hills and glacial [[moraine]]s usually not more than a few hundred feet tall. It is divided by a low water divide running north and south. The larger portion of the state is on the west of this and gradually slopes toward Lake Michigan. The highest point in the Lower Peninsula is either Briar Hill at {{dönüştürme|1705|ft|m|abbr=off}}, or one of several points nearby in the vicinity of [[Cadillac, Michigan|Cadillac]]. The lowest point is the surface of Lake Erie at {{dönüştürme|571|ft|m|abbr=off}}.

The geographic orientation of Michigan's peninsulas makes for a long distance between the ends of the state. [[Ironwood, Michigan|Ironwood]], in the far western Upper Peninsula, lies 630 highway miles (1,015&nbsp;km) from [[Lambertville, Michigan|Lambertville]] in the Lower Peninsula's southeastern corner. The geographic isolation of the Upper Peninsula from Michigan's political and population centers makes the U.P. culturally and economically distinct. Occasionally U.P. residents have called for [[secession]] from Michigan and establishment as a new state to be called "[[Superior (proposed U.S. state)|Superior]]."

A feature of Michigan that gives it the distinct shape of a mitten is [[the Thumb]]. This peninsula projects out into Lake Huron and the [[Saginaw Bay]]. The geography of the Thumb is mainly flat with a few rolling hills. Other peninsulas of Michigan include the [[Keweenaw Peninsula]], making up the [[Copper Country]] region of the state. The [[Leelanau County, Michigan|Leelanau Peninsula]] lies in the [[Northern Michigan|Northern Lower Michigan]] region. ''See Also [[List of regions of the United States#Michigan|Michigan Regions]]''

Numerous [[lake]]s and [[marsh]]es mark both peninsulas, and the coast is much indented. Keweenaw Bay, [[Whitefish Bay]], and the Big and [[Little Bay de Noc|Little]] Bays De Noc are the principal indentations on the Upper Peninsula. The [[Grand Traverse Bay|Grand]] and [[Little Traverse Bay|Little Traverse]], [[Thunder Bay (Michigan)|Thunder]], and [[Saginaw Bay|Saginaw]] bays indent the Lower Peninsula. After Alaska, Michigan has the longest shoreline of any state—{{dönüştürme|3288|mi|km|abbr=off}}. An additional {{dönüştürme|1056|mi|km|abbr=off}} can be added if islands are included. This roughly equals the length of the Atlantic Coast from Maine to Florida.

The state has [[Islands of Michigan|numerous large islands]], the principal ones being the [[Manitou Islands|Manitou]], [[Beaver Island (Lake Michigan)|Beaver]], and [[Fox Islands (Michigan)|Fox]] groups in Lake Michigan; [[Isle Royale]] and [[Grand Island (Michigan)|Grande Isle]] in Lake Superior; Marquette, [[Bois Blanc Island (Michigan)|Bois Blanc]], and [[Mackinac Island|Mackinac]] islands in Lake Huron; and [[Neebish Island|Neebish]], [[Sugar Island (Michigan)|Sugar]], and [[Drummond Island|Drummond]] islands in [[St. Marys River (Michigan-Ontario)|St. Mary's River]]. Michigan has about 150 [[lighthouse]]s, the most of any U.S. state. The first lighthouses in Michigan were built between 1818 and 1822. They were built to project light at night and to serve as a landmark during the day to safely guide the passenger ships and freighters traveling the Great Lakes. See [[Lighthouses in the United States#Michigan|Lighthouses in the United States]].

The [[List of Michigan rivers|state's rivers]] are generally small, short and shallow, and few are navigable. The principal ones include the [[Detroit River]], [[St. Marys River (Michigan-Ontario)|St. Marys River]], and [[St. Clair River]] which connect the Great Lakes; the [[Au Sable River (Michigan)|Au Sable]], [[Cheboygan River|Cheboygan]], and [[Saginaw River|Saginaw]], which flow into Lake Huron; the [[Ontonagon River|Ontonagon]], and [[Tahquamenon River|Tahquamenon]], which flow into Lake Superior; and the [[St. Joseph River (Lake Michigan)|St. Joseph]], [[Kalamazoo River|Kalamazoo]], [[Grand River (Michigan)|Grand]], [[Muskegon River|Muskegon]], [[Manistee River|Manistee]], and [[Escanaba River|Escanaba]], which flow into Lake Michigan. The state has 11,037 inland lakes and {{dönüştürme|38575|mi2|km2|abbr=off}} of Great Lakes waters and rivers in addition to {{dönüştürme|1305|sqmi|km2|0}} of inland water. No point in Michigan is more than six miles (10&nbsp;km) from an inland lake or more than {{dönüştürme|85|mi|km|abbr=off}} from one of the Great Lakes.<ref>{{Web kaynağı | url = http://www.michigan.gov/hal/0,1607,7-160-15481_20826_20829-54118--,00.html#wolver | başlık = Why is Michigan sometimes called "The Wolverine State?" | erişimtarihi = 11 Ocak 2009 | alıntı = Another nickname for Michigan is the "Great Lake State." Michigan's shores touch four of the five Great Lakes, and Michigan has more than 11,000 inland lakes. In Michigan, you are never more than six miles from an inland lake or more than 85&nbsp;miles from a Great Lake. | yayımcı = Department of History, Arts and Libraries | çalışma = Michigan FAQ | arşivurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20090728005210/https://www.michigan.gov/hal/0,1607,7-160-15481_20826_20829-54118--,00.html | arşivtarihi = 28 Temmuz 2009}}</ref>
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=== Komşu eyalet ve bölgeler ===
{{Geographic Location
|Centre = Michigan
|North = [[Ontario]]
|Northeast = [[Ontario]]
|East = [[Ontario]]
|Southeast = [[Ohio]]
|South = [[Indiana]] & [[Ohio]]
|Southwest = [[Illinois]] & [[Indiana]]
|West = [[Wisconsin]]
|Northwest = [[Minnesota]]
}}

=== Koruma altındaki alanlar ===
{{ayrıca bakınız|List of Michigan state parks}}
<!---
The state is home to one [[national park]]: [[Isle Royale National Park]], located in Lake Superior, about {{dönüştürme|30|mi|km|0}} southeast of Thunder Bay, Ontario. Other national [[protected areas]] in the state include: [[Keweenaw National Historical Park]], [[Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore]], [[Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore]], [[Huron National Forest]], [[Manistee National Forest]], [[Hiawatha National Forest]], [[Ottawa National Forest]] and [[Father Marquette National Memorial]]. The largest section of the [[North Country National Scenic Trail]] also passes through Michigan.

With 78 [[state park]]s, 19 state recreation areas, and 6 [[state forests]], Michigan has the largest state park and [[state forest]] system of any state. These parks and forests include [[Holland State Park]], [[Mackinac Island State Park]], [[Au Sable State Forest]], and [[Mackinaw State Forest]].
-->

=== İklim ===
[[Dosya:MichiganHardinessZones.svg|küçükresim|upright=0.91|A.B.D Tarım Bakanlığı bitki dayanılıklığı haritası]]
[[Dosya:Little Sable Light Point Light Station - Michigan.jpg|upright=0.91|küçükresim|[[Little Sable Point Light|Little Sable Point]]Feneri, [[Pentwater]], Michigan'ın güneyi]]
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Michigan has a [[humid continental climate]], although there are two distinct regions. The southern and central parts of the Lower Peninsula (south of [[Saginaw Bay]] and from the Grand Rapids area southward) have a warmer climate ([[Koppen climate classification]] ''Dfa'') with hot summers and cold winters. The northern part of Lower Peninsula and the entire Upper Peninsula has a more severe climate (Koppen ''Dfb''), with warm, but shorter summers and longer, cold to very cold winters. Some parts of the state average high temperatures below freezing from December through February, and into early March in the far northern parts. During the winter through the middle of February the state is frequently subjected to heavy [[lake-effect snow]]. The state averages from {{dönüştürme|30|-|40|in|cm|abbr=off}} of precipitation annually.

The entire state averages 30 days of thunderstorm activity per year. These can be severe, especially in the southern part of the state. The state averages 17 [[tornado]]es per year, which are more common in the extreme southern portion of the state. Portions of the southern border have been nearly as vulnerable historically as parts of [[Tornado Alley]]. Farther north, in the Upper Peninsula, tornadoes are rare.<ref name="Thunderstorm hazards"> [http://www.srh.noaa.gov/key/HTML/tstmhazards.htm srh.noaa.gov] Last accessed November 1, 2006.</ref>

{| class="wikitable" "text-align: center;font-size:90%;"|
| colspan="13" style="text-align: center;font-size:120%;background:#E8EAFA;"|Michigan'ın bazı şehirleri için aylık en düşük ve yüksek  °[[Fahrenhayt|F]](°[[Celsius|C]])sıcaklıkları
|-
! style="background-color: #E5AFAA; color: Black;" height="17" | Şehir
! style="background-color: #E5AFAA; color: Black;" | Ocak
! style="background-color: #E5AFAA; color: Black;" | Şubat
! style="background-color: #E5AFAA; color: Black;" | Mart
! style="background-color: #E5AFAA; color: Black;" | Nisan
! style="background-color: #E5AFAA; color: Black;" | Mayıs
! style="background-color: #E5AFAA; color: Black;" | Haziran
! style="background-color: #E5AFAA; color: Black;" | Temmuz
! style="background-color: #E5AFAA; color: Black;" | Ağustos
! style="background-color: #E5AFAA; color: Black;" | Eylül
! style="background-color: #E5AFAA; color: Black;" | Ekim
! style="background-color: #E5AFAA; color: Black;" | Kasım
! style="background-color: #E5AFAA; color: Black;" | Aralık
|-
! style="background-color: #F8F3CA; color: Black;" height="16" | Detroit
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #F8F3CA; color: Black;" | 31/18
(-1/-8)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #F8F3CA; color: Black;" | 34/20
(1/-7)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #F8F3CA; color: Black;" | 45/28
(7/-2)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #F8F3CA; color: Black;" | 58/38
(14/3)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #F8F3CA; color: Black;" | 70/49
(21/9)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #F8F3CA; color: Black;" | 79/59
(26/15)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #F8F3CA; color: Black;" | 83/64
(28/18)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #F8F3CA; color: Black;" | 81/62
(27/17)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #F8F3CA; color: Black;" | 74/54
(23/12)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #F8F3CA; color: Black;" | 61/42
(16/6)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #F8F3CA; color: Black;" | 48/34
(9/1)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #F8F3CA; color: Black;" | 36/23
(2/-5)
|-
! style="background-color: #C5DFE1; color: Black;" height="16" | Flint
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #C5DFE1; color: Black;" | 29/13
(-2/-11)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #C5DFE1; color: Black;" | 32/15
(0/-9)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #C5DFE1; color: Black;" | 43/24
(6/-4)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #C5DFE1; color: Black;" | 56/35
(13/2)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #C5DFE1; color: Black;" | 69/45
(21/7)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #C5DFE1; color: Black;" | 78/55
(26/13)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #C5DFE1; color: Black;" | 82/59
(28/15)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #C5DFE1; color: Black;" | 80/57
(27/14)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #C5DFE1; color: Black;" | 72/49
(22/9)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #C5DFE1; color: Black;" | 60/39
(16/4)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #C5DFE1; color: Black;" | 46/30
(8/-1)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #C5DFE1; color: Black;" | 34/19
(1/-7)
|-
! style="background-color: #F8F3CA; color: Black;" height="16" | Grand Rapids
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #F8F3CA; color: Black;" | 29/16
(-2/-9)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #F8F3CA; color: Black;" | 33/17
(1/-8)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #F8F3CA; color: Black;" | 43/26
(6/-3)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #F8F3CA; color: Black;" | 57/36
(14/2)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #F8F3CA; color: Black;" | 70/47
(21/8)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #F8F3CA; color: Black;" | 78/56
(26/13)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #F8F3CA; color: Black;" | 82/60
(28/16)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #F8F3CA; color: Black;" | 80/59
(27/15)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #F8F3CA; color: Black;" | 72/51
(22/11)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #F8F3CA; color: Black;" | 60/40
(11/4)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #F8F3CA; color: Black;" | 46/31
(8/-1)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #F8F3CA; color: Black;" | 34/21
(1/-6)
|-
! style="background-color: #C5DFE1; color: Black;" height="16" | Lansing
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #C5DFE1; color: Black;" | 29/14
(-2/-10)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #C5DFE1; color: Black;" | 33/15
(1/-9)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #C5DFE1; color: Black;" | 44/24
(7/-4)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #C5DFE1; color: Black;" | 57/34
(14/1)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #C5DFE1; color: Black;" | 69/45
(21/7)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #C5DFE1; color: Black;" | 78/54
(26/12)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #C5DFE1; color: Black;" | 82/58
(28/14)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #C5DFE1; color: Black;" | 80/57
(27/14)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #C5DFE1; color: Black;" | 72/49
(22/9)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #C5DFE1; color: Black;" | 60/39
(16/4)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #C5DFE1; color: Black;" | 46/30
(8/-1)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #C5DFE1; color: Black;" | 34/20
(1/-7)
|-
! style="background-color: #F8F3CA; color: Black;" height="16" | Marquette
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #F8F3CA; color: Black;" | 20/3
(-7/-16)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #F8F3CA; color: Black;" | 24/5
(-4/-15)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #F8F3CA; color: Black;" | 33/14
(1/-10)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #F8F3CA; color: Black;" | 46/27
(8/-3)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #F8F3CA; color: Black;" | 62/39
(17/4)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #F8F3CA; color: Black;" | 70/48
(21/9)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #F8F3CA; color: Black;" | 75/54
(24/12)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #F8F3CA; color: Black;" | 73/52
(23/11)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #F8F3CA; color: Black;" | 63/44
(17/7)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #F8F3CA; color: Black;" | 51/34
(11/1)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #F8F3CA; color: Black;" | 35/22
(2/-6)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #F8F3CA; color: Black;" | 24/10
(-4/-12)
|-
! style="background-color: #C5DFE1; color: Black;" height="16" | Muskegon
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #C5DFE1; color: Black;" | 30/17
(-1/-8)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #C5DFE1; color: Black;" | 32/18
(0/-8)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #C5DFE1; color: Black;" | 42/25
(6/-4)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #C5DFE1; color: Black;" | 55/35
(13/2)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #C5DFE1; color: Black;" | 67/45
(19/7)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #C5DFE1; color: Black;" | 76/54
(24/12)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #C5DFE1; color: Black;" | 80/60
(27/16)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #C5DFE1; color: Black;" | 78/59
(26/15)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #C5DFE1; color: Black;" | 70/51
(21/11)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #C5DFE1; color: Black;" | 59/41
(15/5)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #C5DFE1; color: Black;" | 46/32
(8/0)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #C5DFE1; color: Black;" | 35/23
(2/-5)
|-
! style="background-color: #F8F3CA; color: Black;" height="16" | Sault Ste Marie
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #F8F3CA; color: Black;" | 22/5
(-6/-15)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #F8F3CA; color: Black;" | 24/7
(-4/-14)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #F8F3CA; color: Black;" | 34/16
(1/-9)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #F8F3CA; color: Black;" | 48/29
(9/-2)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #F8F3CA; color: Black;" | 63/39
(17/4)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #F8F3CA; color: Black;" | 71/46
(22/7)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #F8F3CA; color: Black;" | 76/52
(24/11)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #F8F3CA; color: Black;" | 74/52
(23/11)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #F8F3CA; color: Black;" | 65/45
(18/7)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #F8F3CA; color: Black;" | 53/36
(12/2)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #F8F3CA; color: Black;" | 39/26
(12/-3)
| style="text-align: center; background-color: #F8F3CA; color: Black;" | 27/13
(-3/-11)
|-
| colspan="13" style="text-align: center;font-size:90%;background:#E8EAFA;"|''[http://www.ustravelweather.com/weather-michigan/]''
|}
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=== Jeolojik yapısı ===
<!--
The geological formation of the state is greatly varied. Primary boulders are found over the entire surface of the Upper Peninsula (being principally of primitive origin), while Secondary deposits cover the entire Lower Peninsula. The Upper Peninsula exhibits Lower [[Silurian]] sandstones, limestones, copper and iron bearing rocks, corresponding to the Huronian system of Canada. The central portion of the Lower Peninsula contains coal measures and rocks of the [[Permo-Carboniferous]] period. [[Devonian]] and sub-Carboniferous deposits are scattered over the entire state.
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== Demografik yapısı ==
{{ayrıca bakınız|Michigan census statistical areas}}
== Nüfus ==
Birleşik Devletler Sayım Bürosu'na göre Michigan'ın nüfusu 1 Temmuz 2012 itibarıyla 9.883.360'dır ve nüfus 2010 sayımlarına göre %0,00 düşmüştür.<ref name=PopEstUS>{{Web kaynağı | url = http://www.census.gov/popest/data/state/totals/2012/index.html | başlık = Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2012 | iş = 2012 Population Estimates | yayımcı = [[Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Sayım Bürosu]], Population Division | tarih = Aralık 2012 | erişimtarihi = 20 Aralık 2012 | arşivengelli = evet |arşivurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20121224005941/http://www.census.gov/popest/data/state/totals/2012/index.html |arşivtarihi= 24 Aralık 2012 | ölüurl =hayır}}</ref>

Michigan'da nüfusun merkezi [[Shiawassee İlçesi, Michigan|Shiawassee İlçesi]], [[Morrice, Michigan|Morrice]] köyünün kuzeybatısında kalan [[Bennington]]'un güneydoğu köşesidir.<ref>{{Web kaynağı | başlık = Population and Population Centers by State – 2010 | yayımcı = Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Nüfus Sayım Bürosu | erişimtarihi = 5 Nisan 2011 | url = http://www.census.gov/geo/www/2010census/centerpop2010/CenPop2010_Mean_ST.txt | arşivengelli = evet |arşivurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110429025307/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/2010census/centerpop2010/CenPop2010_Mean_ST.txt |arşivtarihi= 29 Nisan 2011 | ölüurl =hayır}}</ref>

2010 Amerikan Toplum Anketi sonuçlarına göre eyalet nüfusunun %6,0'ına tekabül eden 592.212 kişi başka ülkelerde doğmuştur. Michigan ABD'deki en yoğun [[Felemenk]], [[Finler|Fin]] ve [[Makedonlar|Makedon]] nüfusuna sahiptir.

2010 sayımlarına göre nüfus:
* [[Beyaz Amerikan]]: %78,9 (Hispanik olmayan beyazlar: %76,6, Hispanik beyazlar: %2,3)
* Siyah ya da Afro-Amerikan: %14,2
* Yerli: %0,6
* Asya-Amerikan: %2,4
* Pasifik Adalılar: %0,1
* Diğer ırklar: %1,5
* Melezler: %2,3

Aynı yıl herhangi bir ırktan Hispanikler nüfusun %4,4'ünü teşkil etmiştir.

Kökenlerine göre Michigan nüfusu:<ref>{{Web kaynağı | iş = American FactFinder | yayımcı = Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Nüfus Sayım Bürosu | url = http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?fpt=table | başlık = Michigan – Selected Social Characteristics in the United States: 2008–2010 | tarih =  | erişimtarihi = 29 Aralık 2011 | arşivurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20141006070158/http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?fpt=table | arşivtarihi = 6 Ekim 2014 | ölüurl =hayır}}</ref>
* {{Bayraksimge|Almanya}} [[Almanlar|Alman]] (%22,3)
* {{Bayraksimge|İrlanda}} [[İrlandalılar|İrlandalı]] (%11,9)
* {{Bayraksimge|İngiltere}} [[İngilizler|İngiliz]] (%10,1)
* {{Bayraksimge|Polonya}} [[Leh]] (%9,0)
* {{Bayraksimge|Fransa}} [[Fransızlar|Fransız]] ve Kanadalı Fransız (%6,7)
* {{Bayraksimge|Hollanda}} [[Felemenk]] (%5,1)
* {{Bayraksimge|İtalya}} [[İtalyanlar|İtalyan]] (%4,7)
* {{Bayraksimge|ABD}} Amerikan (%4,6)
* {{Bayraksimge|İskoçya}} [[İskoçyalı]] (%2,4)
* {{Bayraksimge|İsveç}} [[İsveçliler|İsveçli]] (%1,7)

=== Din ===
<!--
The Roman Catholic Church was the only organized religion in Michigan until the 19th century. Detroit's [[Ste. Anne de Detroit Catholic Church|St. Anne's]] parish, established in 1701, is the second-oldest Catholic parish in the country.<ref>{{Web kaynağı | url = http://www.ste-anne.org/dempsey.html | başlık = Ste. Anne de Detroit Catholic Church | erişimtarihi = 29 Temmuz 2009 | yazar = Mary A. Dempsey | arşivurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20160116011443/http://www.ste-anne.org/dempsey.html | arşivtarihi = 16 Ocak 2016}}</ref> The original French-Roman Catholics, reduced to a small minority by the influx of American Protestants, were soon reinforced by the arrival of Catholic immigrants from Ireland, and, later, from eastern and southern Europe. The Lutheran religion was introduced by German and Scandinavian immigrants; Lutheranism is second largest religious denomination in the state. The first Jewish synagogue in the state was Temple Beth El, founded by twelve Jewish families in Detroit in 1850.<ref>{{Web kaynağı | url = http://www.tbeonline.org/aboutus/history | başlık = History | erişimtarihi =  | arşivurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20150602041731/http://www.tbeonline.org:80/aboutus/history/ | arşivtarihi = 2 Haziran 2015}}</ref> Islam was introduced by immigrants from the Near East during the 20th century.<ref>{{Web kaynağı | url = http://www.thearda.com/mapsReports/reports/state/26_2000.asp | başlık = Michigan - Religions | erişimtarihi =  | arşivurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20160304200837/http://www.thearda.com/mapsReports/reports/state/26_2000.asp | arşivtarihi = 4 Mart 2016}}</ref>

The largest [[Christian denomination|denomination]] by number of adherents according to a survey in the year 2000 was the [[Roman Catholic Church]] with 2,019,926 parishioners. The largest Protestant denominations were the [[Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod]] with 244,231 adherents, followed by the [[United Methodist Church]] with 222,269 and the [[Evangelical Lutheran Church in America]] with 160,836 adherents. In the same survey, Jewish adherents in the state of Michigan were estimated at 110,000, and Muslims at 80,515.<ref>{{Web kaynağı | url = http://www.thearda.com/mapsReports/reports/state/26_2000.asp | başlık = The Association of Religion Data Archives | erişimtarihi =  | arşivurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20160304200837/http://www.thearda.com/mapsReports/reports/state/26_2000.asp | arşivtarihi = 4 Mart 2016}}</ref>
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== Ekonomi ==
{{ayrıca bakınız|List of companies based in Michigan|Economy of metropolitan Detroit}}
<!--
The Bureau of Economic Analysis estimated Michigan's 2004 gross state product at $372&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{Web kaynağı | url = http://www.bea.gov/bea/newsrel/gspnewsrelease.htm | başlık = Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by State | erişimtarihi =  | arşivengelli = evet}}</ref> Per capita personal income in 2003 was $31,178 and ranked twentieth in the nation. In May 2009, Michigan's unemployment rate rose to 14.1%,<ref name=MILMI>[http://www.milmi.org/ Michigan Labor Market Information]. Retrieved on June 23, 2009.</ref> the highest in the nation during the [[Late 2000s recession|recession]].

Some of the major industries/products/services include automobiles, cereal products, pizza, information technology, aerospace, military equipment, copper, iron, and furniture. Michigan is the third leading grower of [[Christmas trees]] with {{dönüştürme|60520|acre|km2|0}} of land dedicated to Christmas tree farming.<ref>http://www.nass.usda.gov/census/census02/volume1/us/st99_2_035_036.pdf {{Satır içi yalın URL}}</ref><ref>{{Web kaynağı | url = http://www.christmastree.org/statistics_industry.cfm#findings | başlık = National Christmas Tree Association: Industry Statistics | erişimtarihi =  | arşivurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20120716144654/http://www.christmastree.org/statistics_industry.cfm | arşivtarihi = 16 Temmuz 2012}}</ref> The beverage [[Vernors]] was invented in Michigan in 1866, sharing the title of oldest soft drink with [[Hires Root Beer]]. [[Faygo]] was founded in Detroit on November 4, 1907. Two of the top four pizza chains were founded in Michigan and are still headquartered there: [[Domino's Pizza]] by [[Tom Monaghan]] and [[Little Caesars]] Pizza by [[Mike Ilitch]].

Michigan has experienced economic difficulties brought on by volatile stock market disruptions following the [[September 11, 2001 attacks]]. This caused a pension and benefit fund crisis for many American companies, including General Motors, Ford, and Chrysler. Since the [[early 2000s recession]] and the [[September 11, 2001 attacks]], GM, Ford, and Chrysler have struggled to overcome the benefit funds crisis which followed an ensuing volatile stock market which had caused a severe underfunding condition in the respective U.S. pension and benefit funds ([[OPEB]]). Although manufacturing in the state grew 6.6% from 2001 to 2006,<ref name= NAM>National Association of Manufacturers (February 2008).[http://www.nam.org/~/media/Files/State_Data/Michigan.ashx Facts about Michigan Manufacturing]. Retrieved on June 17, 2009.</ref> the high speculative price of oil became a factor for the U.S. auto industry during the [[Late-2000s recession|economic crisis of 2008]] impacting industry revenues. During this [[Late-2000s recession|economic crisis]], President [[George W. Bush]] extended loans from the [[Troubled Assets Relief Program]] (TARP) funds in order to help the GM and Chrysler bridge the recession.<ref>Neuman, Scott (December 20, 2008). [http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=98498125 Bush Sets $17.4 Billion In Loans For Automakers]. Retrieved on December 26, 2008.</ref> In January 2009, President [[Barack Obama]] formed an automotive task force in order to help the industry recover and achieve renewed prosperity for the region. With retiree health care costs a significant issue,<ref>Sloan, Allan (April 10, 2007).[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/04/09/AR2007040901262.html GM's High-Performance Pension Machine] ''Washington Post'', D02.</ref><ref>Lindorff, Dave (April 19, 2005).[http://www.counterpunch.org/lindorff04192005.html Health Care Costs and the Jobs Flight to Canada] ''Counterpunch''. Retrieved on April 24, 2007.</ref> General Motors, Ford, and Chrysler reached agreements with the [[United Auto Workers]] Union to transfer the liabilities for their respective health care and benefit funds to a 501(c)(9) [[Voluntary Employee Beneficiary Association]] (VEBA). In spite of these efforts, the severity of the recession required Detroit's automakers to take additional steps to restructure, including idling many plants. With the U.S. Treasury extending the necessary [[debtor in possession]] financing, Chrysler and GM filled separate 'pre-packaged' [[Chapter 11]] restructurings in May and June 2009 respectively.<ref name=Garrett>Garrett, Major (March 31, 2009).[http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2009/05/31/white-house-plots-gm-bankruptcy-unsure-taxpayers-recoup-billion-investment/ White House Plots GM Bankruptcy, Unsure When Taxpayers Will Recoup $50 Billion Investment].''Fox News''. Retrieved on June 23, 2009.</ref>

Michigan ranks fourth nationally in high tech employment with 568,000 high tech workers, which includes 70,000 in the automotive industry.<ref name=MEDCHiTech>MEDC (2009).[http://www.michigan.org/medc/hitechfocus/ Michigan: High Technology Focus]. ''State of Michigan''. Retrieved on June 23, 2009.</ref> Michigan typically ranks third or fourth in overall [[Research & development]] (R&D) expenditures in the [[Amerika Birleşik Devletleri]].<ref> MEDC,(2009).[http://michiganadvantage.org/MIAdvantage/Getting-the-UpperHand/Default.aspx Michigan Advantage] ''State of Michigan''. Retrieved on June 23, 2009.</ref><ref>NSF 01-320 (2001).[http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/databrf/nsf01320/sdb01320.htm R&D Spending is Highly Concentrated in a Small Number of States] National Science Foundation</ref> Its research and development, which includes automotive, comprises a higher percentage of the state's overall [[gross domestic product]] than for any other U.S. state.<ref>{{Web kaynağı | url = http://www.agiweb.org/gap/cvd/CVD04Michigan.pdf | başlık = www.agiweb.org/gap/cvd/CVD04Michigan.pdf | erişimtarihi =  | biçim = PDF | arşivengelli = evet}}</ref> The state is an important source of [[engineering]] job opportunities. The domestic auto industry accounts directly and indirectly for one of every ten jobs in the U.S.<ref>Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers (2006). [http://www.autoalliance.org/economic/ From the 2003 Study "Contributions of the Automotive Industry to the U.S. Economy" University of Michigan and the Center for Automotive Research].Retrieved on January 3, 2009.</ref> Michigan ranked second nationally in new corporate facilities and expansions in 2004. From 1997 to 2004, Michigan was listed as the only state to top the 10,000 mark for the number of major new developments;<ref name=NAM/><ref>MEDC (2005) [http://www.globeinvestor.com/servlet/ArticleNews/print/PRNEWS/20050303/2005_03_03_12_0813_1322091 Michigan#2 in the Nation for New Corporate Facilities and Expansions in 2004] Globeinvestor.com</ref> however, the effects of the [[late 2000s recession]] have slowed the state's economy. In 2008, Michigan ranked third in a survey among the states for luring new business which measured capital investment and new job creation per one million population.<ref name=siteselection>[http://www.siteselection.com/issues/2009/may/Comp-Awards/ King of the Hill: Top ten competitive states for 2008].''Siteselection.com''. Retrieved on July 8, 2009.</ref> In August 2009, Michigan and Detroit's auto industry received $1.36 B in grants from the U.S. Department of Energy for the manufacture of electric vehicle technologies which is expected to generate 6,800 immediate jobs and employ 40,000 in the state by 2020.<ref name=priddle>Priddle, Alisa and David Shepardson (August 6, 2009).[http://www.detnews.com/article/20090806/AUTO01/908060429/1148/auto01/Mich.+gets+$1.3B+battery+jolt Mich. gets $1.3B battery jolt].''The Detroit News''. Retrieved August 6, 2009.</ref>

As leading research institutions, the University of Michigan, Michigan State University, Western Michigan University, and Wayne State University are important partners in the state's economy. Michigan's workforce is well-educated and highly skilled, making it attractive to companies. Michigan's infrastructure gives it a competitive edge; Michigan has 38 [[deep-water port|deep water ports]].<ref>MEDC (2006). [http://www.michigan.org/medc/miinfo/mimaps/combo.asp?ContentId=DD3B9F9F-FB6D-481B-B2F3-72491F7B6054&QueueId=1&ContentTypeId=10019 Commercial Ports]State of Michigan</ref> In 2007, Bank of America announced that it would commit $25 billion to community development in Michigan following its acquisition of LaSalle Bank in [[Troy, Michigan|Troy]].<ref name=Bank>Crain's Detroit Business (October 4, 2007).[http://www.metromodemedia.com/innovationnews/bankofamerica3807.aspx Bank of America commits $25 billion for community development in Michigan]. ''Metro Mode Media''.Retrieved on January 3, 2008.</ref>

[[Detroit Metropolitan Airport]] is one of the nation's most recently expanded and modernized airports with six major runways, and large aircraft maintenance facilities capable of servicing and repairing a [[Boeing 747]]. Michigan's schools and colleges rank among the nation's best. The state has maintained its early commitment to public education.
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=== Vergi ===
<!--
Michigan's personal income [[income tax|tax]] is set to a flat rate of 4.35%. Some cities impose additional income taxes. Michigan's state [[sales tax]] is six percent. [[Property tax]]es are assessed on the local, not state, level. In 2007, Michigan repealed its Single Business Tax (SBT) and replaced it with a Michigan Business Tax (MBT) in order to stimulate job growth by reducing taxes for seventy percent of the businesses in the state.<ref>Office of the Governor (June 15, 2007). [http://www.michigan.gov/gov/0,1607,7-168--170481--,00.html New Michigan Business Tax Key to State's Economic Future] ''State of Michigan''.Retrieved on August 10, 2007.</ref> According to the Bureau of Economic Analysis, recent growth in Michigan is 0.1%.<ref>{{Web kaynağı | url = http://www.bea.gov/bea/newsrel/GSPNewsRelease.htm | başlık = Bureau of Economic Analysis | erişimtarihi =  | arşivengelli = evet}}</ref>
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=== Tarım ===
<!--
A wide variety of commodity crops, fruits, and vegetables are grown in Michigan, making it second only to California among U.S. states in the diversity of its agriculture.<ref>[http://www.senate.michigan.gov/sfa/Publications/Notes/2000Notes/NotesJulAug00Thiel.PDF Michigan agricultural exports], by Craig Thiel, Fiscal Analyst. Retrieved on September 3, 2008.</ref> Michigan is a leading grower of fruit, including blueberries, cherries, apples, grapes, and peaches.<ref>[http://web1.msue.msu.edu/fruit/bluberry.htm Michigan Blueberries]. Agriculture Experiment Station. ''Michigan State University''. Retrieved on January 3, 2008.</ref><ref>Hanson, Eric, Department of Horticulture. [http://web1.msue.msu.edu/imp/modsr/sr589201.html Small Fruit Crops]. Ag Experiment Station Special Reports (07/28/98). ''Michigan State University''. Retrieved on January 3, 2008.</ref> These fruits are mainly grown in [[West Michigan]]. Michigan produces [[Michigan wine|wines]], beers and a multitude of processed food products. [[Kellogg's]] cereal is based out of Battle Creek, Michigan and processes many locally grown foods. [[Thornapple Valley]], [[Ballpark Franks]], [[Koegel's]], and [[Hebrew National]] sausage companies are all based in Michigan.

Michigan is home to very fertile land in the [[Flint/Tri-Cities]] and "[[the Thumb|küçükresim]]" areas. Products grown there are corn, sugar beets, navy beans, and soy beans. Sugar beet harvesting usually begins the first of October. It takes the sugar factories about five months to process the 3.7&nbsp;million tons of sugarbeets into 970&nbsp;million pounds of pure, white sugar.<ref>{{Web kaynağı | url = http://www.michigansugar.com/about/education/growing.php | başlık = Michigan Sugar Company - Education | erişimtarihi =  | arşivurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20131009204742/http://www.michigansugar.com/about/education/growing.php | arşivtarihi = 9 Ekim 2013}}</ref> Michigan's largest sugar refiner, Michigan Sugar Company<ref>{{Web kaynağı | url = http://michigansugar.com/ | başlık = Michigan Sugar Company | erişimtarihi =  | arşivurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20160318011301/http://www.michigansugar.com/ | arşivtarihi = 18 Mart 2016}}</ref> is the largest east of the Mississippi River and the fourth largest in the nation. Michigan Sugar brand names are Pioneer Sugar and the newly incorporated Big Chief Sugar. Potatoes are grown in [[Northern Michigan]], and corn is dominant in [[Central Michigan]]. Michigan State University is dedicated to the study of agriculture.
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=== Turizm ===
{{ayrıca bakınız|List of National Historic Landmarks in Michigan|List of Registered Historic Places in Michigan|List of museums in Michigan}}

<!--
Michigan has a thriving tourist industry. Visitors spend $17.5&nbsp;billion per year in the state, supporting 193,000 tourism jobs. Michigan's tourism website ranks among the busiest in the nation.<ref>Great Lakes IT Report. (May 3, 2007,).[http://www.glitr.com/Article.asp?id=401608&spid Michigan's Tourism Website No. 1 in the U.S]. Retrieved on August 10, 2007.</ref> Destinations draw vacationers, hunters, and nature enthusiasts from across the United States and [[Canada]]. Michigan is fifty percent [[forest]] land, much of it quite remote. The forests, lakes and thousands of miles of beaches are top attractions. Event tourism draws large numbers to occasions like the [[Tulip Time Festival]] and the [[National Cherry Festival]].

In 2006, the Michigan State Board of Education mandated that all public schools in the state hold their first day of school after the [[Labor Day]] holiday, in accordance with the new Post Labor Day School law. A survey found that 70% of all tourism business comes directly from Michigan residents, and the Michigan Hotel, Motel, & Resort Association claimed that the shorter summer in between school years cut into the annual tourism season in the state.<ref>http://www.imakenews.com/tourism/index000142517.cfm {{Satır içi yalın URL}}</ref>

[[Tourism in metropolitan Detroit]] draws visitors to leading attractions, particularly [[The Henry Ford]], the [[Detroit Institute of Arts]], and the [[Detroit Zoo]], and to [[sports in Detroit]]. Other museums include the [[Detroit Historical Museum]], the [[Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History]], museums in the [[Cranbrook Educational Community]], and the [[Arab American National Museum]]. The metro area offers four major casinos, [[MGM Grand Detroit]], [[Greektown Casino|Greektown]], [[Motor City Casino|Motor City]], and [[Caesars Windsor]] in Windsor, Ontario, Canada; moreover, Detroit is the largest American city and metropolitan region to offer casino resorts.<ref name=Mink>Mink, Randy, and Karen Mink (July 2001).Detroit Turns 300 - Detroit 300 Festival. ''Travel America'', World Publishing Co., Gale Group.</ref>

Hunting and fishing are significant industries in the state. Charter boats are based in many Great Lakes cities to fish for salmon, trout, walleye and perch. Michigan ranks first in the nation in licensed hunters (over one million) who contribute $2&nbsp;billion annually to its economy. Over three-quarters of a million hunters participate in [[white-tailed deer]] season alone. Many school districts in rural areas of Michigan cancel school on the opening day of firearm deer season, because of attendance concerns.

Michigan's Department of Natural Resources manages the largest dedicated state forest system in the nation. The forest products industry and recreational users contribute $12&nbsp;billion and 200,000 associated jobs annually to the state's economy. Public hiking and hunting access has also been secured in extensive commercial forests. The state has highest number of golf courses and registered [[snowmobile]]s in the nation.<ref>{{Web kaynağı | url = http://www.michigan.gov/dnr/0,1607,7-153-38948-121641--,00.html | başlık = "Economic Impact - Natural Resources Boost Michigan's Economy" Michigan.gov | erişimtarihi =  | arşivurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20131016184133/http://www.michigan.gov/dnr/0,1607,7-153-38948-121641--,00.html | arşivtarihi = 16 Ekim 2013}}</ref>

The state has numerous [[historical marker]]s, which can themselves become the center of a tour.<ref>[http://www.michmarkers.com/Frameset.htm Michigan Historical Markers] [http://www.michigan.gov/hal/0,1607,7-160-17449_18638_18654-107240--,00.html Traveling Through time: A guide to Michigan Historical Markers]</ref> The [[Great Lakes Circle Tour]] is a designated scenic road system connecting all of the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence River.<ref>[http://www.great-lakes.net/tourism/circletour/ Great Lakes Circle Tour.]</ref>

With its position in relation to the Great Lakes and the countless ships that have foundered over the many years in which they have been used as a transport route for people and bulk cargo, Michigan is a world-class scuba diving destination. The [[Michigan Underwater Preserves]] are 11 underwater areas where wrecks are protected for the benefit of sport divers.
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== Ulaşım ==
[[Dosya:Michigan license plate 2008.jpg|küçükresim|2007'de tanıtılan plaka dizaynı]]
<!--
Michigan has nine international crossings with [[Ontario, Canada]]:
* [[Ambassador Bridge]], North America's busiest international border crossing the [[Detroit River]] (the only place in the [[contiguous United States]] where one can go due south to Canada).
* [[Blue Water Bridge]], a twin-span bridge ([[Port Huron, Michigan]] and [[Point Edward, Ontario]], but the larger city of [[Sarnia, Ontario]] is usually referred to on the Canadian side.)
* Blue Water Ferry ([[Marine City, Michigan]] and Sombra, Ontario)
* Canadian Pacific Railway tunnel.
* [[Detroit-Windsor Truck Ferry]] ([[Detroit|Detroit, Michigan]] and [[Windsor, Ontario]])
* [[Detroit-Windsor Tunnel]].
* [[Sault Ste. Marie International Bridge|International Bridge]] ([[Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan]] and [[Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario]])
* St. Clair River Railway Tunnel ([[Port Huron, Michigan]] and [[Sarnia, Ontario]])
* [[Walpole Island]] Ferry ([[Algonac, Michigan]] and [[Walpole Island]] First Nation, Ontario
* A second international bridge is currently under development between [[Detroit|Detroit, Michigan]] and [[Windsor, Ontario]].<ref>{{Web kaynağı | url = http://www.partnershipborderstudy.com | başlık = Detroit River International Crossing Study Website | erişimtarihi =  | arşivurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20160314093750/http://www.partnershipborderstudy.com/ | arşivtarihi = 14 Mart 2016}}</ref>
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=== Demiryolları ===
{{ayrıca bakınız|List of Michigan railroads|History of railroads in Michigan}}
<!--
Michigan is served by four [[Class I]] railroads: the [[Canadian National Railway]], the [[Canadian Pacific Railway]], [[CSX Transportation]], and the [[Norfolk Southern Railway]]. These are augmented by several dozen [[short line railroad]]s. The vast majority of rail service in Michigan is devoted to [[freight rail|freight]], with Amtrak and various scenic railroads the exceptions.<ref>{{Web kaynağı | url = http://michigan.gov/documents/MDOT_Official_Rail_130897_7.pdf | başlık = Railroads Operating in Michigan | erişimtarihi = 15 Şubat 2008 | çalışma = Michigan Department of Transportation | biçim = PDF | arşivurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20160303235033/http://www.michigan.gov/documents/MDOT_Official_Rail_130897_7.pdf | arşivtarihi = 3 Mart 2016}}</ref>

{{Ana|Michigan Services}}
[[Amtrak]] passenger rail services the state, connecting many southern and western Michigan cities to Chicago, Illinois. There are plans for [[commuter rail]] for Detroit and its [[suburbs]] (see [[SEMCOG Commuter Rail]]).<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20070210234916/http://www.freep.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070122/NEWS06/701220388/1001/BUSINESS05 Commuter rail plan to Detroit gets a push: Amtrak from Ann Arbor], January 22, 2007, Kathleen Gray, [[Detroit Free Press]], via Internet Archive</ref><ref>{{Web kaynağı | url = http://www.marp.org/detroitcommuter.htm | başlık = Commuter rail service facts | erişimtarihi =  | arşivurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20080225102008/http://www.marp.org:80/detroitcommuter.htm | arşivtarihi = 25 Şubat 2008}}</ref><ref>[http://www.mlive.com/news/ann-arbor/index.ssf/2009/03/commuter_rail_line_will_have_s.html Commuter rail line will have stop in Ypsilanti], John Mulcahy, The Ann Arbor News, March 10, 2009</ref>
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=== Karayolları ===
[[Dosya:Michigan entrance sign.JPG|küçükresim|<nowiki>''Hoşgeldiniz''</nowiki> levhası]]
{{ayrıca bakınız|Michigan Highway System}}
<!--
[[Interstate 75]] is the main thoroughfare between [[Detroit, Michigan|Detroit]], [[Flint, Michigan|Flint]], and [[Saginaw, Michigan|Saginaw]] extending north to [[Sault Sainte Marie, Michigan|Sault Sainte Marie]] and providing access to [[Sault Sainte Marie, Ontario]]. The expressway crosses the Mackinac Bridge between the Lower and Upper Peninsulas. Branching highways include [[Interstate 275 (Michigan)|I-275]] and [[Interstate 375 (Michigan)|I-375]] in [[Detroit, Michigan|Detroit]]; [[Interstate 475 (Michigan)|I-475]] in [[Flint, Michigan|Flint]]; and [[Interstate 675 (Michigan)|I-675]] in Saginaw.

[[Interstate 69]] enters the state near the Michigan-[[Ohio]]-[[Indiana]] border, and it extends to [[Port Huron, Michigan|Port Huron]] and provides access to the [[Blue Water Bridge]] crossing into [[Sarnia, Ontario]].

[[Interstate 94]] enters the western end of the state at the Indiana border, and it travels east to Detroit and then northeast to Port Huron and ties in with I-69. [[Interstate 194 (Michigan)|I-194]] branches off from this freeway in [[Battle Creek, Michigan|Battle Creek]]. [[Interstate 94|I-94]] is the main artery between [[Chicago, Illinois]] and [[Detroit, Michigan|Detroit]].

[[Interstate 96]] runs east-west between Detroit and [[Muskegon, Michigan|Muskegon]]. [[Interstate 496|I-496]] loops through [[Lansing, Michigan|Lansing]]. [[Interstate 196 (Michigan)|I-196]] branches off from this freeway at [[Grand Rapids, Michigan|Grand Rapids]] and connects to I-94 near [[Benton Harbor, Michigan|Benton Harbor]]. [[Interstate 696 (Michigan)|I-696]] branches off from this freeway at [[Novi, Michigan|Novi]] and connects to I-94 near [[St. Clair Shores, Michigan|St Clair Shores]].

[[U.S. Route 2]] enters Michigan at the city of [[Ironwood, Michigan|Ironwood]] and runs east to the town of [[Crystal Falls, Michigan|Crystal Falls]], where it turns south and briefly re-enters [[Wisconsin]] northwest of [[Florence, Wisconsin|Florence]]. It re-enters Michigan north of [[Iron Mountain, Michigan|Iron Mountain]] and continues through the [[Upper Peninsula]] of Michigan to the cities of [[Escanaba, Michigan|Escanaba]], [[Manistique, Michigan|Manistique]], and [[St. Ignace, Michigan|St. Ignace]]. Along the way, it cuts through the Ottawa and Hiawatha National Forests and follows the northern shore of [[Lake Michigan]]. Its eastern terminus lies at exit 344 of I-75, just north of the [[Mackinac Bridge]]. This is generally regarded as the main route through the Upper Peninsula, although some prefer to travel on [[M-28 (Michigan highway)|M-28]] as it tends to save time (U.S. 2 hugs the Lake Michigan shoreline for much of its length.)

Major bridges include the [[Ambassador Bridge]], [[Blue Water Bridge]], [[Mackinac Bridge]], and [[Sault Ste. Marie International Bridge|International Bridge]]. Michigan also has the [[Detroit-Windsor Tunnel]] crossing into [[Canada]].
-->
=== Havalimanları ===
{{ayrıca bakınız|List of airports in Michigan}}
<!--
The [[Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport]] is by far Michigan's busiest airport, followed by the [[Gerald R. Ford International Airport]] in Grand Rapids.
-->

== Önemli şehir ve kasabaları ==
[[Dosya:Grskyline2.jpg|küçükresim|sağ|upright=1.14|The Grand Rapids skyline centered on the [[Grand River (Michigan)|Grand River]].]]
[[Dosya:Flint skyline2.jpg|küçükresim|sağ|upright=1.14|Downtown Flint as seen from the [[Flint River (Michigan)|Flint River]].]]
[[Dosya:DownTownAA1 copy.jpg|sağ|upright=1.14|küçükresim|The Ann Arbor skyline as seen from [[Michigan Stadium]].]]

2007 tahminlerine göre Michigan'ın en büyük yerleşim yerleri:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; margin-right:60px"
! Sıra
! Şehir
! Nüfus
! Resim
|-
| align="left" | 1
| align="left" | [[Detroit, Michigan|Detroit]]
| 916.952
| rowspan="10" | [[Dosya:MichiganCities.svg|sağ|küçükresim|upright=0.91|Map showing largest Michigan municipalities.]]
|-
| align="left" | 2
| align="left" | [[Grand Rapids, Michigan|Grand Rapids]]
| 193.627
|-
| align="left" | 3
| align="left" | [[Warren, Michigan|Warren]]
| 134.223
|-
| align="left" | 4
| align="left" | [[Sterling Heights, Michigan|Sterling Heights]]
| 127.349
|-
| align="left" | 5
| align="left" | [[Ann Arbor, Michigan|Ann Arbor]]
| 115.092
|-
| align="left" | 6
| align="left" | [[Lansing, Michigan|Lansing]]
| 114.947
|-
| align="left" | 7
| align="left" | [[Flint, Michigan|Flint]]
| 114.662
|-
| align="left" | 8
| align="left" | [[Clinton Charter Township, Michigan|Clinton Township]]
| 96.253
|-
| align="left" | 9
| align="left" | [[Livonia, Michigan|Livonia]]
| 93.931
|-
| align="left" | 10
| align="left" | [[Dearborn, Michigan|Dearborn]]
| 89.252
|}

Diğer şehir ve kasabaları:
* [[Battle Creek, Michigan|Battle Creek]] ("Cereal City U.S.A.", world headquarters of [[Kellogg Company]])
* [[Benton Harbor, Michigan|Benton Harbor]] / [[St. Joseph, Michigan|St. Joseph]] (headquarters of [[Whirlpool Corporation]])
* [[East Lansing, Michigan|East Lansing]] (home of [[Michigan State University]])
* [[Fremont, Michigan|Fremont]] (home of the [[Gerber Products Company]])
* [[Holland, Michigan|Holland]] (home of [[Tulip Time]], the largest tulip festival in the U.S.)
* [[Jackson, Michigan|Jackson]] (headquarters of [[CMS Energy]])
* [[Kalamazoo, Michigan|Kalamazoo]] (Largest city in southwest Michigan and home to [[Western Michigan University]])
* [[Manistee, Michigan|Manistee]] (home to the world's largest salt plant, owned by [[Morton Salt]])
* [[Marquette, Michigan|Marquette]] (largest city in the [[Upper Peninsula of Michigan|Upper Peninsula]] with 19,661 people and home of [[Northern Michigan University]])
* [[Midland, Michigan|Midland]] (headquarters of the [[Dow Chemical Company]] and the [[Dow Corning Corporation]])
* [[Mount Pleasant, Michigan|Mount Pleasant]] (home of [[Central Michigan University]])
* [[Muskegon, Michigan|Muskegon]] (largest Michigan city on [[Lake Michigan]])
* [[Pontiac, Michigan|Pontiac]] (major automobile manufacturing center, and home of the [[Pontiac Silverdome]])
* [[Port Huron, Michigan|Port Huron]] (major international crossing and home of the [[Blue Water Bridge]])
* [[Saginaw, Michigan|Saginaw]] (the largest of the Tri-Cities, which also consist of [[Bay City, Michigan|Bay City]] and [[Midland, Michigan|Midland]], and home to [[Saginaw Valley State University]])
* [[Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan|Sault Ste. Marie]] (home of the [[Soo Locks]] and [[Sault Ste. Marie International Bridge]])
* [[Traverse City, Michigan|Traverse City]] ("Cherry Capital of the World", making Michigan the country's largest producer of cherries)
* [[Ypsilanti, Michigan|Ypsilanti]] (home of [[Eastern Michigan University]])

Half of the wealthiest communities in the state are located in [[Oakland County, Michigan|Oakland County]], just north of Detroit. Another wealthy community is located just east of the city, in [[Grosse Pointe, Michigan|Grosse Pointe]]. Only three of these cities are located outside of Metro Detroit. The city of Detroit itself, with a per capita income of $14,717, ranks 517th on the list of [[Michigan locations by per capita income]]. [[Benton Harbor, Michigan|Benton Harbor]] is the poorest city in Michigan, with a per capita income of $8,965, while [[Barton Hills, Michigan|Barton Hills]] is the richest with a per capita income of $110,683.

== Eğitim ==
=== Üniversite ve Yükseköğretim kurumları ===
<div style="-moz-column-count:4; column-count:4;">
* [[Adrian College]]
* [[Albion College]]
* [[Alma College]]
* [[Andrews University]]
* [[Aquinas College Grand Rapids|Aquinas College]]
* [[Ave Maria School of Law]]
* [[Baker College]]
* [[Calvin College]]
* [[Calvin Theological Seminary]]
* [[Center for Humanistic Studies]]
* [[Central Bible College]]
* [[Central Michigan University]]
* [[Cleary University]]
* [[College for Creative Studies]]
* [[Concordia University, Ann Arbor|Concordia University]]
* [[Cornerstone University]]
* [[Cranbrook Academy of Art]]
* [[Davenport University]]
* [[Detroit Baptist Theological Seminary]]
* [[Eastern Michigan University]]
* [[Ecumenical Theological Seminary]]
* [[Ferris State University]]
* [[Finlandia University]]
* [[Grace Bible College]]
* [[Grand Rapids Theological Seminary]]
* [[Grand Valley State University]]
* [[Great Lakes Christian College]]
* [[Great Lakes Maritime Academy]]
* [[Hillsdale College]]
* [[Hope College]]
* [[Kalamazoo College]]
* [[Kendall College of Art and Design]]
* [[Kettering University]]
* [[Kuyper College]]
* [[Lake Superior State University]]
* [[Lawrence Technological University]]
* [[Lewis College of Business]]
* [[Madonna University]]
* [[Marygrove College]]
* [[Michigan Jewish Institute]]
* [[Michigan State University]]
* [[Michigan Technological University]]
* [[Michigan Theological Seminary]]
* [[Northern Michigan University]]
* [[Northwestern Michigan College]]
* [[Northwood University]]
* [[Oakland University]]
* [[Olivet College]]
* [[Puritan Reformed Theological Seminary]]
* [[Rochester College]]
* [[Sacred Heart Major Seminary]]
* [[Saginaw Valley State University]]
* [[SS. Cyril and Methodius Seminary]]
* [[Siena Heights University]]
* [[Spring Arbor University]]
* [[Theological School of the Protestant Reformed Churches]]
* [[Thomas M. Cooley Law School]]
* [[University of Detroit Mercy]]
* University of Michigan System
** [[University of Michigan]]-Ann Arbor
** [[University of Michigan–Dearborn]]
** [[University of Michigan-Flint]]
* [[University of Phoenix]]
* [[Walsh College of Accountancy and Business]]
* [[Wayne State University]]
* [[Western Michigan University]]
* [[Western Theological Seminary]]
* [[William Tyndale College]]
* [[Yeshiva Gedolah Ateres Mordechai of Greater Detroit]]
</div>

=== Halk öğretim kurumları ve teknik okullar ===
<div style="-moz-column-count:4; column-count:4;">
* [[American College of Computer and Information Sciences]]
* [[Alpena Community College]]
* [[Bay de Noc Community College]]
* [[Bay Mills Community College]]
* [[Delta College (Michigan)|Delta College]]
* [[Ellis College of NYIT]]
* [[Glen Oaks Community College]]
* [[Gogebic Community College]]
* [[Grand Rapids Community College]]
* [[Henry Ford Community College]]
* [[ITT Technical Institute]]
* [[Jackson Community College]]
* [[Kalamazoo Valley Community College]]
* [[Kellogg Community College]]
* [[Kirtland Community College]]
* [[Lake Michigan College]]
* [[Lansing Community College]]
* [[Macomb Community College]]
* [[Michigan Career and Technical Institute]]
* [[Michigan Institution of Aviation and Technology]]
* [[Mid-Michigan Community College]]
* [[Monroe County Community College]]
* [[Montcalm Community College]]
* [[Mott Community College]]
* [[Muskegon Community College]]
* [[National Institute of Technology (trade school)|National Institute of Technology]]
* [[North Central Michigan College]]
* [[Northwestern Michigan College]]
* [[Oakland Community College]]
* [[Olympia Career Training Institute]]
* [[Ross Medical Education Center]]
* [[Saint Clair County Community College]]
* [[Schoolcraft College]]
* [[Southwestern Michigan College]]
* [[Washtenaw Community College]]
* [[Wayne County Community College]]
* [[West Shore Community College]]
</div>

== Profesyonel spor takımları ==
Michigan's major-league sports teams include:
[[Detroit Tigers]] [[baseball]] team,
[[Detroit Lions]] [[American football|football]] team,
[[Detroit Red Wings]] [[ice hockey]] team,
[[Detroit Pistons]] men's [[basketball]] team, and
[[Grand Rapids Rampage]] [[Arena Football League]] team.

<!--
The Shock currently play at the [[Palace of Auburn Hills]]. The Pistons played at Detroit's [[Cobo Arena]] until 1978 and at the [[Pontiac Silverdome]] until 1988 when they moved into the [[Palace of Auburn Hills]]. The Detroit Lions played at [[Tiger Stadium (Detroit)|Tiger Stadium]] in Detroit until 1974, then moved to the [[Pontiac Silverdome]] where they played for 27 years between 1975-2002 before moving to [[Ford Field]] in 2002.The Detroit Tigers Played at [[Tiger Stadium (Detroit)]] (formerly known as Navin Field and Briggs Stadium) It hosted the Detroit Tigers Major League Baseball team from 1912 to 1999,In 2000 they moved to [[Comerica Park]]. The Red Wings played at [[Olympia Stadium]] before moving to [[Joe Louis Arena]] in 1979. The Rampage play at the [[Van Andel Arena]] in the heart of downtown Grand Rapids' entertainment district.

Ten-time Grand Slam champion [[Serena Williams]] was born in Saginaw. Professional hockey got its start in [[Houghton, Michigan|Houghton]], when the Portage Lakers were formed.

Other notable sports teams include:

{| class="wikitable"
! Club
! Sport
! League
|-
| [[Alpena IceDiggers]]
| [[Ice hockey]]
| [[North American Hockey League]]
|-
| [[Battle Creek Revolution]]
| Ice hockey
| [[All American Hockey League (2008-)|All American Hockey League]]
|-
| [[Detroit Hitmen]]
| Ice hockey
| [[All American Hockey League (2008-)|All American Hockey League]]
|-
| [[Flint Generals]]
| Ice hockey
| [[International Hockey League (2007-)|International Hockey League]]
|-
| [[Grand Rapids Griffins]]
| Ice hockey
| [[American Hockey League]]
|-
| [[Kalamazoo Wings]]
| Ice Hockey
| [[ECHL]]
|-
| [[Marquette Rangers]]
| Ice Hockey
| North American Hockey League
|-
| [[Motor City Machine]]
| Ice hockey
| North American Hockey League
|-
| [[Muskegon Lumberjacks]]
| Ice hockey
| International Hockey League
|-
| [[Plymouth Whalers]]
| Ice hockey
| [[Ontario Hockey League]]
|-
| [[Port Huron Icehawks]]
| Ice hockey
| International Hockey League
|-
| [[Saginaw Spirit]]
| Ice hockey
| Ontario Hockey League
|-
| [[Traverse City North Stars]]
| Ice hockey
| North American Hockey League
|-
| [[Battle Creek Bombers]]
| [[Baseball]]
| Summer Collegiate Baseball, [[Northwoods League]]
|-
| [[Lansing Lugnuts]]
| Baseball
| [[Minor League Baseball]], [[Midwest League]]
|-
| [[Great Lakes Loons]]
| Baseball
| Minor League Baseball, Midwest League
|-
| [[Kalamazoo Kings]]
| Baseball
| Minor League Baseball, [[Frontier League]]
|-
| [[Traverse City Beach Bums]]
| Baseball
| Minor League Baseball, Frontier League
|-
| [[West Michigan Whitecaps]]
| Baseball
| Minor League Baseball, Midwest League
|-
| [[Grand Rapids Rampage]]
| [[Arena football]]
| [[Arena Football League]]
|-
| [[Kalamazoo Xplosion]]
| [[Indoor football]]
| [[Continental Indoor Football League]]
|-
| [[Flint Phantoms]]
| Indoor football
| Continental Indoor Football League
|-
| [[Muskegon Thunder]]
| Indoor football
| [[Indoor Football League]]
|-
| [[Saginaw Sting]]
| Indoor football
| Indoor Football League
|-
| [[Detroit Demolition]]
| [[American football|Football]]
| [[Independent Women's Football League]]
|-
| [[Detroit Ignition]]
| [[Indoor soccer]]
| [[Xtreme Soccer League]]
|-
| [[Kalamazoo Kingdom]]
| [[Soccer]]
| [[USL Premier Development League]]
|-
| [[Michigan Bucks]]
| Soccer
| USL Premier Development League
|-
| [[Michigan Hawks]]
| Soccer
| [[W-League]]
|-
| [[Michigan Phoenix]]
| Soccer
| [[Women's Premier Soccer League]]
|-
| [[West Michigan Edge]]
| Soccer
| USL Premier Development League
|-
| [[West Michigan Firewomen]]
| Soccer
| W-League
|-
| [[Motor City Machine Guns]]
| Wrestling
| TNAwrestling
|}
-->

== Eyalet sembolleri ve takma adları ==

<!--
<div style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2;">
* [[State nickname]]s: ''Wolverine State'', ''Great Lakes State'', ''Mitten State'', ''Water-Winter Wonderland''
* [[List of U.S. state mottos|State motto]]: ''[[Si quaeris peninsulam amoenam circumspice]]'' (Latin: If you seek a pleasant peninsula, look about you) adopted in 1835 on the coat-of-arms, but never as an official 'motto'. This is a paraphrase of the epitaph of British [[architect]] Sir [[Christopher Wren]] about his masterpiece, [[St. Paul's Cathedral]].<ref>{{Web kaynağı | url = http://www.netstate.com/states/mottoes/mi_motto.htm | başlık = Michigan state motto, at least on its coat of arms | erişimtarihi =  | arşivurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20160303175553/http://www.netstate.com/states/mottoes/mi_motto.htm | arşivtarihi = 3 Mart 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Web kaynağı | url = http://www.legislature.mi.gov/(S(1vf2tp45f2zrc43menveha55))/mileg.aspx?page=GetObject&objectname=mcl-2-22&queryid=21357829&highlight=state%20AND%20motto | başlık = Law enacting State Court of Arms | erişimtarihi =  | arşivurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20160101063056/http://www.legislature.mi.gov/(S(h04t01wbwpjgli15t0y1nsax))/mileg.aspx?page=GetObject&objectname=mcl-2-22&queryid=21357829&highlight=state%20AND%20motto | arşivtarihi = 1 Ocak 2016}}</ref>
* [[State song]]: ''[[My Michigan]]'' (official since 1937, but disputed amongst residents),<ref>{{Web kaynağı | url = http://www.michigan.gov/hal/0,1607,7-160--54116--,00.html | başlık = Michigan's State Songs | erişimtarihi =  | arşivurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20090802145532/http://www.michigan.gov/hal/0,1607,7-160--54116--,00.html | arşivtarihi = 2 Ağustos 2009}}</ref> ''[[Michigan, My Michigan]]'' (Unofficial State Song, since the civil war)
* [[List of U.S. state birds|State bird]]: [[American Robin]] (since 1931)
* [[List of U.S. state mammals|State animal]]: [[Wolverine]] (traditional)
* State game animal: [[White-tailed deer]] (since 1997)
* [[List of U.S. state fish|State fish]]: [[Brook trout]] (since 1965)
* [[List of U.S. state reptiles|State reptile]]: [[Painted Turtle]] (since 1995)
* [[State fossil]]: [[Mastodon]] (since 2000)
* [[List of U.S. state flowers|State flower]]: [[Apple|Apple blossom]] (adopted in 1897, official in 1997)
* State wildflower: [[Dwarf Lake Iris]] (since 1998). Known as ''Iris lacustris'', it is a federally listed threatened species.
* [[List of U.S. state trees|State tree]]: [[Eastern White Pine|White pine]] (since 1955)
* [[List of U.S. state minerals, rocks, stones and gemstones|State stone]]: [[Petoskey stone]] (since 1965). It is composed of fossilized [[coral]] (''Hexagonaria pericarnata'') from long ago when the middle of the continent was covered with a shallow sea.
* [[List of U.S. state minerals, rocks, stones and gemstones|State gem]]: [[Chlorastrolite|Isle Royale greenstone]] (since 1973). Also called ''chlorastrolite'' (literally "green star stone"), the mineral is found on [[Isle Royale]] and the [[Keweenaw peninsula]].
* [[List of U.S. state soils|State soil]]: [[Kalkaska Sand]] (since 1990), ranges in color from black to yellowish brown, covers nearly a million acres (400,000&nbsp;ha) in 29 counties.
</div>
-->
=== Kardeş Eyaletler ===
* {{Bayraksimge|Japonya}} [[Shiga Prefecture]], [[Japonya]]<ref>{{Web kaynağı | url = http://www.ci.birmingham.mi.us/home/index.asp?page=419 | başlık = Birmingham Sister City Program | erişimtarihi =  | arşivurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20151105125506/http://www.ci.birmingham.mi.us/home/index.asp?page=419 | arşivtarihi = 5 Kasım 2015 | ölüurl =evet}}</ref>
* {{Bayraksimge|Çin}} [[Sichuan|Sichuan Province]], [[Çin]]<ref>{{Web kaynağı | url = http://www.scfao.gov.cn/2005/2.html | başlık = Briefing on Sichuan International Sister Cities Cooperation and Development Week 2005 | erişimtarihi =  | arşivurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20151105125526/http://www.scfao.gov.cn/2005/2.html | arşivtarihi = 5 Kasım 2015 | ölüurl =evet}}</ref>

== Ayrıca bakınız ==

== Kaynakça ==
{{Kaynakça}}

== Konuyla ilgili yayınlar ==
{{Kaynak başı}}
* Bald, F. Clever, ''Michigan in Four Centuries'' (1961)/
* Browne, William P. and - Kenneth VerBurg. ''Michigan Politics & Government: Facing Change in a Complex State'' University of Nebraska Press. 1995.
* Bureau of Business Research, Wayne State U. ''Michigan Statistical Abstract'' (1987).
* Cappel, Constance, editor, "Odawa Language and Legends: Andrew J. Blackbird and Raymond Kiogima," Philadelphia, PA: Xlibris, 2006.
* Cappel, Constance, "The Smallpox Genocide of the Odawa Tribe at L'Arbre Croche, 1763: The History of a Native American People," Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 2007.
* [http://clarke.cmich.edu/ Clarke Historical Library, Central Michigan University, Bibliographies for Michigan by region, counties, etc.]{{Webarşiv|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040125050945/http://clarke.cmich.edu/ |tarih=25 Ocak 2004 }}.
* Michigan, State of. ''Michigan Manual'' (annual), elaborate detail on state government.
* ''Michigan Historical Review'' Central Michigan University (quarterly).
* Press, Charles et al., ''Michigan Political Atlas'' (1984).
* Public Sector Consultants. ''Michigan in Brief. An Issues Handbook'' (annual)
* Rubenstein, Bruce A. and Lawrence E. Ziewacz. ''Michigan: A History of the Great Lakes State.'' (2002)
* Sisson, Richard, Ed. ''The American Midwest: An Interpretive Encyclopedia'' (2006)
* Weeks, George, ''Stewards of the State: The Governors of Michigan'' (Historical Society of Michigan, 1987).
* Wilbur Rich. ''Coleman Young and Detroit Politics: From Social Activist to Power Broker'' (Wayne State University Press, 1988).
* Willis F. Dunbar and George S. May. ''Michigan: A History of the Wolverine State'' (1995)

{{Kaynak sonu}}

== Dış bağlantılar ==
{{Kardeş proje bağlantıları|Michigan}}
* [http://www.michigan.gov/ State of Michigan government website]{{Webarşiv|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101115192040/http://www.michigan.gov/ |tarih=15 Kasım 2010 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101229134254/http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/state/state_energy_profiles.cfm?sid=MI Energy Data & Statistics for Michigan]
* [http://www.infomi.com/city/ Info Michigan, detailed information on 630 cities]{{Webarşiv|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100107144314/http://www.infomi.com/city/ |tarih=7 Ocak 2010 }}
* [http://www.michmarkers.com/ Michigan Historic Markers]{{Webarşiv|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100412155706/http://www.michmarkers.com/ |tarih=12 Nisan 2010 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090120213601/http://www.michiganhistorymagazine.com/extra/cadillac/cadillac.html Michigan History Magazine]
* [http://clarke.cmich.edu/lighthouses/lhtime1.htm Michigan Lighthouse Chronology - Clark Historical Library]{{Webarşiv|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100913062131/http://clarke.cmich.edu/lighthouses/lhtime1.htm |tarih=13 Eylül 2010 }}
* [http://www.michigan.org/ Michigan Official Travel Site]{{Webarşiv|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091206002159/http://www.michigan.org/ |tarih=6 Aralık 2009 }}
* {{DMOZ|Regional/North_America/United_States/Michigan}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120622032043/http://www.ers.usda.gov/StateFacts/MI.HTM Michigan State Fact Sheet] from the U.S. Department of Agriculture
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070125205901/http://www.mupc.net/ Michigan Underwater Preserves Council]
* [http://www.mml.org/ The Michigan Municipal League]{{Webarşiv|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081018225028/http://www.mml.org/ |tarih=18 Ekim 2008 }}
* [http://www.usgs.gov/state/state.asp?State=MI USGS real-time, geographic, and other scientific resources of Michigan]{{Webarşiv|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070106165953/http://www.usgs.gov/state/state.asp?State=MI |tarih=6 Ocak 2007 }}

{{Michigan}}
{{ABD'nin en üst düzey idari birimleri}}

{{Otorite kontrolü}}

[[Kategori:Michigan| ]]