Dosya:The great garden - Fontenay Abbey - The Dormitory and The Abbey Church (35797906776).jpg
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Özet
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A morning visit to <a href="http://www.abbayedefontenay.com/en/" rel="nofollow">Fontenay Abbey</a> in Burgundy. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. We had a guided tour around the abbey (which lasted about an hour), then had about half an hour of free time around the abbey before we left for Semur-en-Auxois. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbey_of_Fontenay" rel="nofollow">Fontenay Abbey</a> The Abbey of Fontenay is a former Cistercian abbey located in the commune of Marmagne, near Montbard, in the département of Côte-d'Or in France. It was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1118, and built in the Romanesque style. It is one of the oldest and most complete Cistercian abbeys in Europe, and became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1981. Of the original complex comprising church, dormitory, cloister, chapter house, caldarium, refectory, dovecote and forge, all remain intact except the refectory and are well maintained. The Abbey of Fontenay, along with other Cistercian abbeys, forms a connecting link between Romanesque and Gothic architectures. Foundation of the order In the late 11th century during the heyday of the great church of Cluny III (a magnificent Benedictine monastery in Cluny, France), although Cluny had numerous followers, Saint Robert of Molesme, the subsequent founder of Cîteaux Abbey, led a strong reaction against it. Saint Robert thought that Cluny was against the actual Rule of Saint Benedict: “to work is to pray”. As a result, Saint Robert, along with a group of monks who shared this belief, detached from Cluny. Saint Robert established the Order of Cistercians in Citeaux, France. The new order strictly observed the Rule of Saint Benedict. As part of this rule, monks had to be poor and live a simple life. In order not to be distracted from the religious life, Cistercians built self-sufficient monasteries in isolated areas and refused to use servants. Cistercian monasteries were independent. They differed from Cluny in that all houses were under the direct control of the abbot, and each Cistercian monastery needed to take care of its own. Each of them was most likely an independent individual society. Bernard of Clairvaux, an abbot and the primary builder of the reformed Cistercian order, shared the same faith with Saint Robert of Molesme. However, Bernard felt that Cîteaux Abbey was not austere enough and did not completely reflect the Rule of Saint Benedict. Thus, in 1118 he founded the Abbey of Fontenay in a Burgundy valley with strictly implemented austerity. History of the abbey The Cistercian monks moved to Fontenay Abbey in 1130. Nine years later, the Bishop of Norwich fled to Fontenay to escape persecution, and helped finance the construction of the church with his wealth. The church was consecrated in 1147 by Pope Eugene III. By 1200 the monastic complex was complete and able to serve as many as 300 monks. In 1259, the devout King Louis exempted the Abbey of Fontenay from all taxes, and being in the King’s good graces, ten years later the abbey became a royal abbey. In 1359, the Abbey of Fontenay was pillaged by the armies of King Edward III of England during the Hundred Years' War. It suffered further damage during the Wars of Religion in late 16th century. In 1745, the refectory was destroyed. With the beginning of the French Revolution in 1789 all of the monks successively left the abbey due to dechristianisation during the revolution and in 1791, the site was turned into a paper mill, run by the Montgolfier brothers. In 1906 Edouard Aynard, an art-loving banker from Lyon, bought the abbey and commenced its restoration which was complete by 1911. Edouard's descendents continued to work on the abbey and it remains in the Aynard family to this day. In 1981 the abbey became a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The Dormitory In the southern wing of the transept, a staircase leads to the monk's dormitory. This very spacious room has a magnificent oaken framework which dates back to the latter half of the 15th century and is reminiscent of the upside down hull of a ship. The rule of St Benedict stipulated that all of the monks should sleep in the same room. They slept on simple pallets laid directly on the floor, which were separated by low screens.
The Abbey Church This building of the church of Fontenay was started in 1139, and was consecrated in 1147 by Pope Eugène III. As is customary, it faces the east. The façade is stripped bare, and the original vestibule was destroyed in the 18th century. The church is conceived in the shape of a roman cross, and is 66 metres in width and 16.70 metres high. The church's nave is flanked by two aisles, with a transept and a flat chevet. In terms of style, it is pure Romanesque, and is barrel-vaulted. Abbaye de Fontenay, Bourgogne, France |
Tarih | |
Kaynak | The great garden - Fontenay Abbey - The Dormitory and The Abbey Church |
Yazar | Elliott Brown from Birmingham, United Kingdom |
Kamera pozisyonu | 47° 38′ 24,59″ K, 4° 23′ 22,89″ D | Bu ve diğer görüntülerin konumlarını şurada belirle: OpenStreetMap | 47.640164; 4.389691 |
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Lisanslama
- Şu seçeneklerde özgürsünüz:
- paylaşım – eser paylaşımı, dağıtımı ve iletimi
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- Aşağıdaki koşullar geçerli olacaktır:
- atıf – Esere yazar veya lisans sahibi tarafından belirtilen (ancak sizi ya da eseri kullanımınızı desteklediklerini ileri sürmeyecek bir) şekilde atıfta bulunmalısınız.
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by ell brown at https://flickr.com/photos/39415781@N06/35797906776. It was reviewed on 13 Kasım 2018 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-sa-2.0. |
13 Kasım 2018
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Vikiveri ögesi olmayan bir değer
7 Haziran 2017
47°38'24.590"N, 4°23'22.888"E
Panasonic Lumix DMC-FZ72 İngilizce
0,000625 saniye
3,5
5,04 milimetre
100
image/jpeg
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güncel | 13.27, 13 Kasım 2018 | 4.608 × 3.456 (5,81 MB) | Laboratoire LAMOP | Transferred from Flickr via #flickr2commons |
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Kamera markası | Panasonic |
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Kamera modeli | DMC-FZ72 |
Çekim süresi | 1/1.600 saniye (0,000625) |
F numarası | f/3,5 |
ISO hız derecesi | 100 |
Verinin ilk yaratılma zamanı | 11.22, 7 Haziran 2017 |
Mercek odak uzaklığı | 5,04 mm |
Yönlendirme | Normal |
Yatay çözünürlük | 180 dpi |
Dikey çözünürlük | 180 dpi |
Kullanılan yazılım | Ver.1.0 |
Dosya değişiklik tarihi ve zamanı | 11.22, 7 Haziran 2017 |
Y ve C yerleştirme | Eşyerleştirilmiş |
Poz Programı | Normal program |
Exif sürümü | 2.3 |
Dijitalleştirme zamanı | 11.22, 7 Haziran 2017 |
Her bileşenin anlamı |
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Resim sıkıştırma modu | 4 |
Poz eğilim değeri | 0 |
Maksimum açıklık değeri | 3,359375 APEX (f/3,2) |
Ölçüm modu | Desen |
Işık kaynağı | Bilinmiyor |
Flaş | Flaş patlamadı, zorunlu flaş bastırma |
Desteklenen Flashpix sürümü | 1 |
Renk aralığı | sRGB |
Algılama metodu | Tek çipli renk alanı sensörü |
Dosya kaynağı | Dijital sabit kamera |
Sahne tipi | Doğrudan fotoğraflanan bir resim |
Özel resim işlemi | Normal işlem |
Pozlama modu | Otomatik pozlama |
Beyaz denge | Otomatik beyaz denge |
Dijital zoom oranı | 0 |
35 mm'lik filmde odak uzaklığı | 28 mm |
Sahne yakalama tipi | Standart |
Sahne kontrolü | Hiçbiri |
Karşıtlık | Normal |
Doygunluk | Normal |
Keskinlik | Normal |