Şablon:Biyolojik âlem sınıflandırması
| Linnaeus 1735[1] |
Haeckel 1866[2] |
Chatton 1925[3] |
Copeland 1938[4] |
Whittaker 1969[5] |
Woese et al. 1990[6] |
Cavalier-Smith 1998[7] |
Cavalier-Smith 2015[8] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 âlem | 3 âlem | 2 üst âlem | 4 âlem | 5 âlem | 3 üst âlem | 2 üst âlem, 6 âlem | 2 üst âlem, 7 âlem |
| (ele alınmadı) | Protista | Prokaryota | Monera | Monera | Bakteri | Bakteri | Bakteri |
| Arkea | Arkea | ||||||
| Ökaryot | Protoktista | Protista | Ökarya | Protozoa | Protozoa | ||
| Kromista | Kromista | ||||||
| Vegetabilia | Plantae | Plantae | Plantae | Plantae | Plantae | ||
| Fungi | Fungi | Fungi | |||||
| Animalia | Animalia | Animalia | Animalia | Animalia | Animalia |
- ^ Linnaeus, C. (1735). Systemae Naturae, sive regna tria naturae, systematics proposita per classes, ordines, genera & species.
- ^ Haeckel, E. (1866). Generelle Morphologie der Organismen. Reimer, Berlin.
- ^ Chatton, É. (1925). "Pansporella perplexa. Réflexions sur la biologie et la phylogénie des protozoaires". Annales des Sciences Naturelles - Zoologie et Biologie Animale. 10-VII: 1–84.
- ^ Copeland, H. (1938). "The kingdoms of organisms". Quarterly Review of Biology. 13 (4): 383–420. doi:10.1086/394568.
- ^ Whittaker, R. H. (January 1969). "New concepts of kingdoms of organisms". Science. 163 (3863): 150–60. Bibcode:1969Sci...163..150W. doi:10.1126/science.163.3863.150. PMID 5762760.
- ^ Woese, C.; Kandler, O.; Wheelis, M. (1990). "Towards a natural system of organisms:proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 87 (12): 4576–9. Bibcode:1990PNAS...87.4576W. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.12.4576. PMC 54159 $2. PMID 2112744.
- ^ Cavalier-Smith, T. (1998). "A revised six-kingdom system of life". Biological Reviews. 73 (3): 203–66. doi:10.1111/j.1469-185X.1998.tb00030.x. PMID 9809012. 20 Ağustos 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 13 Nisan 2023.
- ^ Ruggiero, Michael A.; Gordon, Dennis P.; Orrell, Thomas M.; Bailly, Nicolas; Bourgoin, Thierry; Brusca, Richard C.; Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Guiry, Michael D.; Kirk, Paul M.; Thuesen, Erik V. (2015). "A higher level classification of all living organisms". PLOS ONE. 10 (4): e0119248. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1019248R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0119248. PMC 4418965 $2. PMID 25923521.