Susan Solomon: Revizyonlar arasındaki fark
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Sayfanın 16.08, 20 Mart 2017 tarihindeki hâli
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Susan Solomon | |
|---|---|
 2004 yılında Susan Solomon | |
| Doğum | 19 Ocak 1956 Chicago, Illinois |
| Vatandaşlık | Amerika Birleşik Devletleri |
| Mezun olduğu okul(lar) | B.S. (1977), Illinois Teknoloji Enstitüsü, M.S. (1979), Ph.D. (1981) Kaliforniya Üniversitesi, Berkeley |
| Ödüller | Uluslararası Bilim Madalyası (1999) V. M. Goldschmidt Ödülü (2006) William Bowie Madalyası (2007) Volvo Çevre Ödülü (2009) 2012 BBVA Bilgi Fırsatı Vakfı Ödülü |
| Kariyeri | |
| Dalı | Atmosferik kimya |
| Çalıştığı kurumlar | MIT |
Susan Solomon (doğum 19 Ocak, 1956[1] Şikago'da)[2] atmosferik bir kimyagerdir, kariyerinin büyük çoğunluğunu NOAA'da çalışarak geçirmiştir.[3] 2011 yılında, Solomon, MIT fakültesine katıldı ve burada Ellen Swallow Richards Atmosferik Kimya ve İklim Bilimi Profesörü olarak görev yapıyor.[4] Solomon, kendi meslektaşları ile birlikte, ilk defa Kloroflorokarbon gazlarının Radikal (kimya) alanındaki Tepkime mekanizması ile Antarktika'da ki ozon deliğine sebep olduğunu keşfetti.[3]
Solomon , ABD Ulusal Bilimler Akademisi, Avrupa Bilimler Akademisi, ve Fransız Bilimler Akademisi'nin bir üyesidir.[5] 2008 yılında, Solomon, Time dergisi tarafından dünyadaki en etkili 100 kişiden biri olarak seçildi.[6] Aynı zamanda Atom Bilimleri Bülteninin, Bilim ve Güvenlik Kurulunda çalışıyor.[7]
Biyografisi
Gençlik yılları
Solomon's interest in science began as a child watching The Undersea World of Jacques Cousteau.[2] In high school she placed third in a national science fair, with a project that measured the percent of oxygen in a gas mixture.[2]
Solomon received a bachelor's degree in chemistry from Illinois Institute of Technology in 1977. She received her Ph.D. in chemistry from the University of California, Berkeley in 1981, where she specialized in atmospheric chemistry.[3]
Kişisel yaşamı
Solomon 1988 yılında Barry Sidwell ile evlenmiştir.[8]
Çalışma hayatı
Solomon was the head of the Chemistry and Climate Processes Group of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Chemical Sciences Division until 2011. In 2011, she joined the faculty of the Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.[9]
Kitapları
- The Coldest March: Scott's Fatal Antarctic Expedition, Yale University Press, 2002 ISBN 0-300-09921-5 - Depicts the tale of Captain Robert Falcon Scott's failed 1912 Antarctic expedition, specifically applying the comparison of modern meteorological data with that recorded by Scott's expedition in an attempt to shed new light on the reasons for the demise of Scott's polar party.[10][11]
- Aeronomy of the Middle Atmosphere: Chemistry and Physics of the Stratosphere and Mesosphere, 3rd Edition, Springer, 2005 ISBN 1-4020-3284-6 - Describes the atmospheric chemistry and physics of the middle atmosphere from 10 km to 100 km altitude.[12]
Ozon deliği ile ilgili çalışmaları
Solomon, working with colleagues at the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, postulated the mechanism that the Antarctic ozone hole was created by a heterogeneous reaction of ozone and chlorofluorocarbons free radicals on the surface of ice particles in the high altitude clouds that form over Antarctica. In 1986 and 1987 Solomon led the National Ozone Expedition to McMurdo Sound, where the team gathered the evidence to confirm the accelerated reactions.[3] Solomon was the solo leader of the expedition, and the only woman on the team.[13] Her team measured levels of chlorine oxide 100 times higher than expected in the atmosphere, which had been released by the decomposition of chlorofluorocarbons by ultraviolet radiation.[14]
Solomon later showed that volcanoes could accelerate the reactions caused by chlorofluorocarbons, and so increase the damage to the ozone layer. Her work formed the basis of the U.N. Montreal Protocol, an international agreement to protect the ozone layer by regulating damaging chemicals.[2][15] Solomon has also presented some research which suggests that implementation of the Montreal Protocols is having a positive effect.[16][17]
Hükümetlerarası İklim Değişikliği Paneli
Solomon, Hükümetlerarası İklim Değişikliği Paneli'ne hizmet etmiştir.[3] She was a contributing author for the Third Assessment Report.[18] She was also co-chair of Working Group I for the Fourth Assessment Report.[19]
Ödülleri
- 2017 - Arthur L. Day Prize and Lectureship by the National Academy of Sciences for substantive work in atmospheric chemistry and climate change
- 2015 - Honorary Doctorate (honoris causa) from Brown University.[20]
- 2013- Vetlesen Prize, for work on the ozone hole
- 2012 - BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award in the Climate Change category
- 2010 – Service to America Medal, awarded by the Partnership for Public Service[21]
- 2009 – Volvo Environment Prize, awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences[22]
- 2009 – Inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame[23]
- 2008 – Grande Médaille (Great Medal) of the French Academy of Sciences[24]
- 2007 – William Bowie Medal, awarded by the American Geophysical Union
- 2006 – Inducted into the Colorado Women's Hall of Fame[25]
- 2004 – Blue Planet Prize, awarded by the Asahi Glass Foundation[26]
- 2000 – Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal, awarded by the American Meteorological Society[27]
- 1999 – National Medal of Science, awarded by the President of the United States[28]
- 1994 – Solomon Glacier (78°23′G 162°30′D / 78.383°G 162.500°D), an Antarctic glacier named in her honor
- 1994 – Solomon Saddle (78°23′G 162°39′D / 78.383°G 162.650°D), a snow saddle at about 1.850 metre (6.070 ft) elevation, named in her honor
- 1991 – Henry G. Houghton Award for research in physical meteorology, awarded by the American Meteorological Society[27][29]
Kaynaklar
- ^ "Solomon, Susan, 1956-". Library of Congress Authorities. Erişim tarihi: 25 September 2016.
- ^ a b c d "Susan Solomon". Chemical Heritage Foundation.
- ^ a b c d e "InterViews". National Academy of Sciences. 2004-07-26. 2013-02-19 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 2013-02-17.
- ^ "People". Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences website. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Erişim tarihi: 2013-02-17.
- ^ "Susan Solomon: Pioneering Atmospheric Scientist". Top Tens: History Makers. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2007-01-05. 2013-02-17 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 2007-02-20.
- ^ "The 2008 TIME 100", Time.
- ^ "Science and Security Board". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. Erişim tarihi: 2016-03-30.
- ^ Oakes, Elizabeth H. (2007). Encyclopedia of world scientists. New York: Facts on File. ss. 677–678. ISBN 9781438118826. Erişim tarihi: 18 November 2016.
- ^ Krajick, Kevin. "Two Climate Scientists Win 2012 Vetlesen Prize for Work on Ozone Hole, Ice Cores". Lamont -Doherty Earth Observatory. Erişim tarihi: January 14, 2013.
- ^ MacFarlane, Robert (7 October 2001). "In from the cold..." The Observer. Erişim tarihi: 29 November 2016.
- ^ Wheeler, Sara (September 2, 2001). "Great Scott?". The New York Times. Erişim tarihi: 29 November 2016.
- ^ Brasseur, Guy; Solomon, Susan (2005). Aeronomy of the middle atmosphere : chemistry and physics of the stratosphere and mesosphere. Dordrecht: Springer. ISBN 1-4020-3284-6.
- ^ Indivero, Victoria M. (Fall 2010). "Changing views on climate". Chemical Heritage Magazine. 28 (3): 13. Erişim tarihi: 6 December 2016.
- ^ Nickel, Mark (April 28, 2015). "Brown confers six honorary degrees". Brown University.
- ^ Daley, Megan (June 30, 2016). "Decades after the Montreal Protocol, there are signs the hole in the ozone layer has begun to heal". Los Angeles Times. Erişim tarihi: 29 November 2016.
- ^ Hand, Eric (June 30, 2016). "Ozone layer on the mend, thanks to chemical ban". Science. Erişim tarihi: 29 November 2016.
- ^ Solomon, S.; Ivy, D. J.; Kinnison, D.; Mills, M. J.; Neely, R. R.; Schmidt, A. (30 June 2016). "Emergence of healing in the Antarctic ozone layer". Science. 353 (6296): 269–274. doi:10.1126/science.aae0061. Erişim tarihi: 29 November 2016.
- ^ Houghton, J.T.; ve diğerleri. (2001). "Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis" (pdf). Third Assessment Report. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. s. 21. Erişim tarihi: 2013-02-17.
- ^ Solomon, Susan; ve diğerleri. (2007). "Climate Change 2007 The Physical Science Basis" (pdf). Fourth Assessment Report. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. s. 3. Erişim tarihi: 2013-02-17.
- ^ Nickel, Mark (April 28, 2015). "Brown awards six honorary doctorates". Brown University.
- ^ "2010 Career Achievement Medal Recipient". Service to America Medals website. Partnership for Public Service. 2010. Erişim tarihi: 2013-03-08.
- ^ "Laureate 2009". Volvo Environment Prize website. Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden. Erişim tarihi: 2013-03-07.
- ^ "Women of the Hall: Susan Solomon". National Women's Hall of Fame website. National Women's Hall of Fame. Erişim tarihi: 2013-03-09.
- ^ "Remise de la Grande Médaille par Jules Hoffmann, Président de l'Académie,à Susan Solomon" (pdf). 2008-11-25. Erişim tarihi: 2013-03-09.
- ^ "Honorees By Year of Induction". Colorado Women's Hall of Fame. Erişim tarihi: 2013-03-09.
- ^ "Blue Planet Prize: The Laureates". Blue Plant Prize website. Asahi Glass Foundation. Erişim tarihi: 2013-03-08.
- ^ a b "AMS Awards and Nomination Information". American Meteorological Society. Erişim tarihi: 2013-03-08.
- ^ "The Laureates - 1999". National Science & Technology Medals website. National Science and Technology Medals Foundation. Erişim tarihi: 2013-03-08.
- ^ "The Henry G. Houghton Award". American Meteorological Society. Erişim tarihi: 29 November 2016.
Dış bağlantılar
- Oral History Interview with Susan Solomon. (1997-09-05). Amerikan Meteoroloji Topluluğu Sözlü Tarih Projesi. UCAR Arşivleri.
- Yaşayan insanlar
- ABD'li kimyagerler
- Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Ulusal Bilimler Akademisi üyeleri
- Ulusal Bilim Madalyası sahipleri
- 1956 doğumlular
- Fransız Bilimler Akademisi üyeleri
- Kaliforniya Üniversitesi, Berkeley mezunları
- Royal Society'nin yabancı üyeleri
- 21. yüzyıl ABD'li bilim insanları
- 20. yüzyıl ABD'li bilim insanları
- ABD'li jeofizikçiler