İçeriğe atla

Carnivoramorpha: Revizyonlar arasındaki fark

Vikipedi, özgür ansiklopedi
Etkileşimli olarak geçmişe göz at
[kontrol edilmiş revizyon][kontrol edilmiş revizyon]
← Önceki sürümle aradaki farkSonraki sürümle aradaki fark →
İçerik silindi İçerik eklendi
GörselVikimetin
HaythamKenwai (mesaj | katkılar)
Devriyeler
35.730 değişiklik
Dz.
Etiketler: Mobil değişiklik Mobil ağ değişikliği Gelişmiş mobil değişikliği
HaythamKenwai (mesaj | katkılar)
Devriyeler
35.730 değişiklik
Etiketler: Mobil değişiklik Mobil ağ değişikliği Gelişmiş mobil değişikliği
51. satır: 51. satır:


=== Filogenetik ağaç ===
=== Filogenetik ağaç ===
Carnivoramorfların [[filogenetik]] ilişkileri aşağıdaki kladogramda gösterilmektedir:<ref name=Bryant2004>Bryant, H.N., and M. Wolson (2004) [https://web.archive.org/web/20080706090739/http://www.ohiou.edu/phylocode/IPNM.pdf “Phylogenetic Nomenclature of Carnivoran Mammals.”] ''First International Phylogenetic Nomenclature Meeting''. Paris, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle</ref><ref name=asdff>{{cite book |author1=John J. Flynn |author2=John A. Finarelli |author3=Michelle Spaulding |year=2010 |chapter=Phylogeny of the Carnivora and Carnivoramorpha, and the use of the fossil record to enhance understanding of evolutionary transformations |editor1=Anjali Goswami |editor2=Anthony Friscia |title=Carnivoran evolution. New views on phylogeny, form and function |publisher=Cambridge University Press |pages=25–63 |isbn=9781139193436 |doi=10.1017/CBO9781139193436.003}}</ref><ref name="Dawsonicyon">{{Cite journal |author1=Michelle Spaulding |author2=John J. Flynn |author3=Richard K. Stucky |year=2010 |title=A new basal Carnivoramorphan (Mammalia) from the 'Bridger B' (Black's Fork member, Bridger Formation, Bridgerian Nalma, middle Eocene) of Wyoming, USA |journal=Palaeontology |volume=53 |issue=4 |pages=815–832 |doi=10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00963.x|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name=Lycophocyon>{{cite journal |author=Susumu Tomiya |year=2011 |title=A new basal caniform (Mammalia: Carnivora) from the Middle Eocene of North America and remarks on the phylogeny of early carnivorans |journal=PLOS One |volume=6 |issue=9 |page=e24146 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0024146 |pmid=21935380 |pmc=3173397}}</ref><ref name="SoléSmith2014">{{cite journal |last1=Solé |first1=Floréal |last2=Smith |first2=Richard |last3=Coillot |first3=Tiphaine |last4=de Bast |first4=Eric |last5=Smith |first5=Thierry |title=Dental and tarsal anatomy of ''Miacis latouri'' and a phylogenetic analysis of the earliest carnivoraforms (Mammalia, Carnivoramorpha) |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=34 |issue=1 |year=2014 |pages=1–21 |issn=0272-4634 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2013.793195}}</ref><ref name="Wang2015">{{cite journal |first1=Jian |last1=Wang |last2=Zhang |first2=Zhaoqun |year=2015 |title=Phylogenetic analysis on ''Palaeogale'' (Palaeogalidae, Carnivora) based on specimens from Oligocene strata of Saint-Jacques, Nei Mongol |journal=Vertebrata PalAsiatica |volume=53 |issue=4 |pages=310–334 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286134862}}</ref><ref name="SoléSmith2016">{{cite journal |last1=Solé |first1=Floréal |last2=Smith |first2=Thierry |last3=De Bast |first3=Eric |last4=Codrea |first4=Vlad |last5=Gheerbrant |first5=Emmanuel |title=New carnivoraforms from the latest Paleocene of Europe and their bearing on the origin and radiation of Carnivoraformes (Carnivoramorpha, Mammalia) |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=36 |issue=2 |year=2016 |pages=e1082480 |issn=0272-4634 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2016.1082480}}</ref><ref name="TomiyaTseng2016">{{cite journal |last=Tomiya |first=Susumu |last2=Tseng |first2=Zhijie Jack |title=Whence the beardogs? Reappraisal of the Middle to Late Eocene 'Miacis' from Texas, USA, and the origin of Amphicyonidae (Mammalia, Carnivora) |journal=Royal Society Open Science |volume=3 |issue=10 |year=2016 |issn=2054-5703 |doi=10.1098/rsos.160518 |pmid=27853569 |bibcode=2016RSOS....3p0518T |pmc=5098994 |pages=160518}}</ref><ref>Solé, F. & Ladevèze, S. (2017). [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ede.12219 "Evolution of the hypercarnivorous dentition in mammals (Metatheria, Eutheria) and its bearing on the development of tribosphenic molars."] Evolution & Development, 19(2), 56–68.</ref><ref>Prevosti, F. J., & Forasiepi, A. M. (2018). [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-03701-1_1 "Introduction. Evolution of South American Mammalian Predators During the Cenozoic: Paleobiogeographic and Paleoenvironmental Contingencies"]</ref>
{{clade |style=font-size:85%;line-height:100%;
|label1=&nbsp;'''[[Ferae]]'''&nbsp;
|1={{clade
|1='''[[Pholidotamorpha]]''' [[File:Pangolin Hardwicke (white background).jpg|60px]]
|label2=&nbsp;'''Pan-Carnivora'''&nbsp;
|2={{clade
|1=†'''[[Oxyaenidae|Oxyaenodonta]]''' [[File:Patriofelis ferox by R. B. Horsfall (coloured).png|60px]]
|2={{clade
|thickness2=2 |label1=&nbsp;†'''Hyaenodonta'''&nbsp; |sublabel1=&nbsp;''sensu lato''&nbsp;
|1={{clade
|1=†[[Hyaenodonta|'''Hyaenodonta''' {{small|(''sensu stricto'')}}]] [[File:Hyaenodon_horridus_by_R._B._Horsfall_(coloured).jpg|55px]]
|grouplabel2=†'''''Altacreodus''/''Tinerhodon'' clade'''
|2={{clade
|1=†''[[Altacreodus]]'' |barbegin1=orange
|2=†''[[Tinerhodon]]'' |barend2=orange
}} }}
|label2=&nbsp;'''Carnivoramorpha'''&nbsp; |sublabel2=&nbsp;{{small|('''Carnivora''' [''sensu lato''])}}&nbsp; |style2=background-color:#C0C0C0
|2={{clade
|thickness=2 |label1=&nbsp;†'''Viverravidae'''&nbsp; |sublabel1=&nbsp;''sensu lato''&nbsp;
|1={{clade
|thickness=2 |label1=&nbsp;†'''[[Viverravidae|Viverravoidea]]'''&nbsp;
|1=†[[Viverravidae|'''Viverravidae''' {{small|(''sensu stricto'')}}]]
|label2=&nbsp;'''?'''&nbsp; |state2=dotted
|2=†''carnivoramorph'' sp. (''UALVP 50993'' & ''UALVP 50994'')
|label3=&nbsp;'''?'''&nbsp; |state3=dotted
|3=†''[[Ravenictis]]''
}}
|label2=&nbsp;'''?'''&nbsp; |state2=dotted
|2=†''carnivoramorph'' sp. (''UALVP 31176'')
|label3=&nbsp;'''?'''&nbsp; |state3=dotted
|3=†''carnivoramorph'' sp. (''WW-84: USNM 538395'')
|label4=&nbsp;'''[[Carnivoraformes]]'''&nbsp;
|4={{clade
|thickness=2 |grouplabel1=†'''''Lycarion''/''Neovulpavus'' clade'''
|1={{clade
|thickness=2
|1=†''[[Neovulpavus]]'' |barbegin1=purple
|label2=&nbsp;'''?'''&nbsp; |state2=dotted
|2=†''carnivoraform'' undet. Genus A (''UCMP 110072'') |bar2=purple
|3=†''[[Lycarion]]'' |barend3=purple
}}
|label2=&nbsp;'''?'''&nbsp; |state2=dotted
|2=†''carnivoraform'' undet. Genus B (''SDSNH 56335'')
|label3=&nbsp;'''?'''&nbsp; |state3=dotted
|3=†''[[Ceruttia]]''
|4={{clade
|thickness=2
|1={{clade
|thickness=2 |grouplabel1=†'''''Vulpavus'' clade'''
|1={{clade
|thickness=2
|1={{clade
|thickness=2
|1={{clade
|thickness=2
|1=†''[[Dormaalocyon]]'' |barbegin1=#B22222
|2=†''[[Miacis exiguus|"Miacis" exiguus]]'' |bar2=#B22222
}}
|2={{clade
|thickness=2
|1=†''[[Vassacyon]]'' |bar1=#B22222
|2=†''[[Vulpavus]]'' |bar2=#B22222
}} }}
|2=†''[[Miacis deutschi|"Miacis" deutschi]]'' |barend2=#B22222
}}
|grouplabel2=†'''''Uintacyon'' clade'''
|2={{clade
|thickness=2
|1={{clade
|thickness=2
|1=†''[[Miocyon]]'' |barbegin1=#0F52BA
|2=†''[[Simamphicyon]]'' |bar2=#0F52BA
}}
|2=†''[[Zodiocyon]]'' |bar2=#0F52BA
|3={{clade
|thickness=2
|1=†''[[Uintacyon]]'' |bar1=#0F52BA
|label2=&nbsp;'''?'''&nbsp; |state2=dotted
|2=†''[[Miacis boqinghensis|"Miacis" boqinghensis]]'' |bar2=#0F52BA
|label3=&nbsp;'''?'''&nbsp; |state3=dotted
|3=†''[[Miacis lushiensis|"Miacis" lushiensis]]'' |bar3=#0F52BA
|label4=&nbsp;'''?'''&nbsp; |state4=dotted
|4=†''[[Miacis thailandicus|"Miacis" thailandicus]]'' |bar4=#0F52BA
|label5=&nbsp;'''?'''&nbsp; |state5=dotted
|5=†''[[Miacis invictus|"Miacis" invictus]]'' |barend5=#0F52BA
}} }}
|3=†''[[Miacis]]'' [[File:Miacis restoration.jpg|55px]]
|4=†''carnivoraform'' sp. (''PM 3868'')
|5=†''[[Dawsonicyon]]''
|label6=&nbsp;'''?'''&nbsp; |state6=dotted
|6=†''[[Africtis]]''
|7=†''[[Miacis petilus|"Miacis" petilus]]''
|8=†''[[Miacis latidens|"Miacis" latidens]]''
|label9=&nbsp;'''?'''&nbsp; |state9=dotted
|9=†''[[Miacis hookwayi|"Miacis" hookwayi]]''
|grouplabel10=†'''''Gracilocyon''/''Oodectes'' clade'''
|10={{clade
|thickness=2
|1=†''[[Paroodectes]]'' |barbegin1=green
|2=†''[[Paramiacis]]'' |bar2=green
|3=†''[[Eogale]]'' |bar3=green
|4={{clade
|thickness=2
|1=†''[[Gracilocyon]]'' |bar1=green
|2=†''[[Oodectes]]'' |barend2=green
}} }} }}
|2={{clade
|thickness=2
|1=†''[[Prodaphaenus]]''
|label2=&nbsp;'''?'''&nbsp; |state2=dotted
|2=†''[[Walshius]]''
|label3=&nbsp;'''[[Carnivora]]'''&nbsp; |sublabel3=&nbsp;''sensu stricto''&nbsp;
|3={{clade
|thickness=2 |label1=&nbsp;'''[[Feliformia]]'''&nbsp;
|1={{clade
|thickness=2
|1={{clade
|thickness=2
|1={{clade
|thickness=2
|1='''[[Aeluroidea]]''' [[File:Stamp-russia2014-save-russian-cats-(snow_leopard).png|50px]]
|2=†'''[[Nimravidae]]''' [[File:Dinictis_Knight.jpg|50px]]
}}
|label2=&nbsp;'''?'''&nbsp; |state2=dotted
|2=†''[[Eosictis]]''
|label3=&nbsp;'''?'''&nbsp; |state3=dotted
|3=†''[[Chailicyon]]''
|label4=&nbsp;†'''[[Palaeogalidae]]'''&nbsp;
|4={{clade
|thickness=2
|1=†''[[Palaeogale]]''
|2=†''[[Cryptailurus]]''
}}
|label5=&nbsp;†'''[[Quercygalidae]]'''&nbsp;
|5={{clade
|thickness=2
|1=†''[[Messelogale]]''
|2=†''[[Quercygale]]''
}} }}
|2=†''[[Tapocyon]]''
}}
|label2=&nbsp;'''[[Caniformia]]'''&nbsp;
|2={{clade
|thickness=2
|1=†''[[Harpalodon]]''
|2={{clade
|thickness=2
|1=†''[[Procynodictis]]''
|2={{clade
|thickness=2
|1=†'''[[Amphicyonidae|Amphicyonoidea]]''' [[File:Ysengrinia.jpg|50px]]
|2={{clade
|thickness=2
|1=†''[[Lycophocyon]]''
|2='''[[Canoidea]]''' [[File:Dogs,_jackals,_wolves,_and_foxes_(Plate_XI).jpg|50px]]
}} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }}


== Kaynakça ==
== Kaynakça ==

Sayfanın 13.19, 12 Temmuz 2021 tarihindeki hâli

Carnivoramorflar
Yaşadığı dönem aralığı: 66-0 myö
Paleosen-Günümüz 
Modern Etçiller
Biyolojik sınıflandırma Bu sınıflandırmayı düzenle
Âlem: Animalia
Şube: Chordata
Sınıf: Mammalia
Klad: Pan-Carnivora
(sırasız): Carnivoramorpha
Wyss & Flynn, 1993
Alt gruplar
Metne bakınız

Carnivoramorpha ("etçil formlar"), modern Carnivora takımını ve soyu tükenmiş kök akrabalarını içeren plasentalı memelilerin bir dalıdır.

Sınıflandırma ve filogeni

Geleneksel sınıflandırma

Revize sınıflandırma

Son filogenetik çalışmalar üst familyası belirtmek üzere Miacoidea ve aile miyasidler olan parafiletik "miacids" daha yakından viverravids daha carnivorans ilişkili olduğu ile. 2010 yılında Flynn, Finarelli & Spaulding, Carnivoramorpha'da etoburlar ve "miasitler" içeren ancak canlılar içermeyen yeni bir Karnivoraformes sınıfı adını verdi. Yazarlar, Carnivoraformes'u, Carnivora'yı ve Carnivora ile (Canis lupus ile temsil edilir) viverravidlerden (Viverravus gracilis tarafından temsil edilir) daha yakından ilişkili olan tüm taksonları içeren dal olarak tanımladılar.

  • Clade : Carnivoramorpha

Filogenetik ağaç

Carnivoramorfların filogenetik ilişkileri aşağıdaki kladogramda gösterilmektedir:[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]

 Ferae 
 

Pholidotamorpha

 
 Pan‑Carnivora 
 

†Oxyaenodonta

 
 
 †Hyaenodonta 
 

†Hyaenodonta (sensu stricto)

 
 
 

†Altacreodus

 
 

†Tinerhodon

 
†Altacreodus/Tinerhodon clade
 
 sensu lato 
 Carnivoramorpha 
 †Viverravidae 
 †Viverravoidea 

†Viverravidae (sensu stricto)

 
 ? 

†carnivoramorph sp. (UALVP 50993 & UALVP 50994)

 
 ? 

†Ravenictis

 
 sensu lato 
 ? 

†carnivoramorph sp. (UALVP 31176)

 
 ? 

†carnivoramorph sp. (WW-84: USNM 538395)

 
 Carnivoraformes 
 
 

†Neovulpavus

 
 ? 

†carnivoraform undet. Genus A (UCMP 110072)

 
 

†Lycarion

 
†Lycarion/Neovulpavus clade
 
 ? 

†carnivoraform undet. Genus B (SDSNH 56335)

 
 ? 

†Ceruttia

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

†Dormaalocyon

 
 

†"Miacis" exiguus

 
 
 
 

†Vassacyon

 
 

†Vulpavus

 
 
 
 

†"Miacis" deutschi

 
†Vulpavus clade
 
 
 
 

†Miocyon

 
 

†Simamphicyon

 
 
 

†Zodiocyon

 
 
 

†Uintacyon

 
 ? 

†"Miacis" boqinghensis

 
 ? 

†"Miacis" lushiensis

 
 ? 

†"Miacis" thailandicus

 
 ? 

†"Miacis" invictus

 
 
†Uintacyon clade
 
 

†Miacis

 
 

†carnivoraform sp. (PM 3868)

 
 

†Dawsonicyon

 
 ? 

†Africtis

 
 

†"Miacis" petilus

 
 

†"Miacis" latidens

 
 ? 

†"Miacis" hookwayi

 
 
 

†Paroodectes

 
 

†Paramiacis

 
 

†Eogale

 
 
 

†Gracilocyon

 
 

†Oodectes

 
 
†Gracilocyon/Oodectes clade
 
 
 
 

†Prodaphaenus

 
 ? 

†Walshius

 
 Carnivora 
 Feliformia 
 
 
 

Aeluroidea

 
 

†Nimravidae

 
 
 ? 

†Eosictis

 
 ? 

†Chailicyon

 
 †Palaeogalidae 
 

†Palaeogale

 
 

†Cryptailurus

 
 
 †Quercygalidae 
 

†Messelogale

 
 

†Quercygale

 
 
 
 

†Tapocyon

 
 
 Caniformia 
 

†Harpalodon

 
 
 

†Procynodictis

 
 
 

†Amphicyonoidea

 
 
 

†Lycophocyon

 
 

Canoidea

 
 
 
 
 
 sensu stricto 
 
 
 
 (Carnivora [sensu lato]) 
 
 
 

Kaynakça

  1. ^ Bryant, H.N., and M. Wolson (2004) “Phylogenetic Nomenclature of Carnivoran Mammals.” First International Phylogenetic Nomenclature Meeting. Paris, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle
  2. ^ John J. Flynn; John A. Finarelli; Michelle Spaulding (2010). "Phylogeny of the Carnivora and Carnivoramorpha, and the use of the fossil record to enhance understanding of evolutionary transformations". Anjali Goswami; Anthony Friscia (Ed.). Carnivoran evolution. New views on phylogeny, form and function. Cambridge University Press. ss. 25–63. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139193436.003. ISBN 9781139193436. 
  3. ^ Michelle Spaulding; John J. Flynn; Richard K. Stucky (2010). "A new basal Carnivoramorphan (Mammalia) from the 'Bridger B' (Black's Fork member, Bridger Formation, Bridgerian Nalma, middle Eocene) of Wyoming, USA". Palaeontology. 53 (4): 815–832. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00963.x.  Geçersiz |doi-access=free (yardım)
  4. ^ Susumu Tomiya (2011). "A new basal caniform (Mammalia: Carnivora) from the Middle Eocene of North America and remarks on the phylogeny of early carnivorans". PLOS One. 6 (9): e24146. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024146. PMC 3173397 $2. PMID 21935380. 
  5. ^ Solé, Floréal; Smith, Richard; Coillot, Tiphaine; de Bast, Eric; Smith, Thierry (2014). "Dental and tarsal anatomy of Miacis latouri and a phylogenetic analysis of the earliest carnivoraforms (Mammalia, Carnivoramorpha)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 34 (1): 1–21. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.793195. ISSN 0272-4634. 
  6. ^ Wang, Jian; Zhang, Zhaoqun (2015). "Phylogenetic analysis on Palaeogale (Palaeogalidae, Carnivora) based on specimens from Oligocene strata of Saint-Jacques, Nei Mongol". Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 53 (4): 310–334. 
  7. ^ Solé, Floréal; Smith, Thierry; De Bast, Eric; Codrea, Vlad; Gheerbrant, Emmanuel (2016). "New carnivoraforms from the latest Paleocene of Europe and their bearing on the origin and radiation of Carnivoraformes (Carnivoramorpha, Mammalia)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 36 (2): e1082480. doi:10.1080/02724634.2016.1082480. ISSN 0272-4634. 
  8. ^ Tomiya, Susumu; Tseng, Zhijie Jack (2016). "Whence the beardogs? Reappraisal of the Middle to Late Eocene 'Miacis' from Texas, USA, and the origin of Amphicyonidae (Mammalia, Carnivora)". Royal Society Open Science. 3 (10): 160518. Bibcode:2016RSOS....3p0518T. doi:10.1098/rsos.160518. ISSN 2054-5703. PMC 5098994 $2. PMID 27853569. 
  9. ^ Solé, F. & Ladevèze, S. (2017). "Evolution of the hypercarnivorous dentition in mammals (Metatheria, Eutheria) and its bearing on the development of tribosphenic molars." Evolution & Development, 19(2), 56–68.
  10. ^ Prevosti, F. J., & Forasiepi, A. M. (2018). "Introduction. Evolution of South American Mammalian Predators During the Cenozoic: Paleobiogeographic and Paleoenvironmental Contingencies"

 

  • Archibold, JD ve KD Rose (ed.). (2005). "Plasental Memelilerin Yükselişi: Büyük Kladların Kökenleri ve İlişkileri." Baltimore ve Londra: Johns Hopkins University Press.0-8018-8022-XISBN'si 0-8018-8022-X
  • Archibold, JD ve KD Rose. (2005). "Manzaralı Rahim: Plasentaların Yükselişi." [1]
  • Benton, Michael J. ve Philip CJ Donoghue. (2007). “Hayat Ağacının Tarihlendirilmesine İlişkin Paleontolojik Kanıtlar.” Hayat Ağacı 31 ile çıkmak. [2]
  • Bryant, HN ve M. Wolson (2004) "Etobur Memelilerin Filogenetik Adlandırması." Birinci Uluslararası Filogenetik Adlandırma Toplantısı. Paris, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 6-9 Temmuz 2004. [3]
  • Flynn, John J. ve Gina D. Wesley-Hunt. 2005. "Carnivora Filogenisi: Carnivoramorphans Arasındaki Bazal İlişkiler ve Carnivora'ya Göre 'Miacoidea'nın Konumunun Değerlendirilmesi." Sistematik Paleontoloji Dergisi, 3: 1-28. Özet: [4]
  • Haaramo, Mikko. (2005). “Mikko'nun Filogeni Arşivi Carnivoramorpha - Etoburlar ve akrabaları.” 17 Şubat 2007'de alındı: [5]
  • Stiles, David P. (2005). “Vulpes ve Urocyon filogenetik sınıflandırmasının araştırılması: Feliformia veya Caniformia?” Fox Filogenisi. Omurgalı Evrimi – Güz 2005, Evergreen Eyalet Koleji, Olympia, WA. [6]
  • Wesley-Hunt, Gina D. (2006). "Kuzey Amerika'da Etoburların Morfolojik Çeşitlenmesi." Paleobiyoloji. Cilt 31, Sayı 1, s. 35-55. [7]
  • Wyss, AR & Flynn, JJ (1993). “Etoburların Filogenetik Analizi ve Tanımı.” Mammal Phylogeny – Plasentals, Szalay, FS, MJ Novacek ve MC McKenna (ed. ).0-387-97853-4ISBN'si 0-387-97853-4 .
  • "Phylogeny of the Carnivora and Carnivoramorpha, and the use of the fossil record to enhance understanding of evolutionary transformations". Carnivoran evolution. New views on phylogeny, form and function. Cambridge University Press. 2010. ss. 25–63. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139193436.003. ISBN 9781139193436. 9781139193436
"https://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carnivoramorpha&oldid=25788464" sayfasından alınmıştır