Anadili olarak konuşulma sayılarına göre diller listesi: Revizyonlar arasındaki fark
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! style="width:15%;" |[[Ethnologue]] (Tahmini)<ref name="ethnologue1">{{Web kaynağı | url = http://www.ethnologue.org/ethno_docs/distribution.asp?by=size | başlık = Etnoloji | erişimtarihi = | yayımcı = SIL |
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Haley | arşivurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20130112222210/http://www.ethnologue.org/ethno_docs/distribution.asp?by=size | arşivtarihi = 12 Ocak 2013}}</ref> |
Haley | arşivurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20130112222210/http://www.ethnologue.org/ethno_docs/distribution.asp?by=size | arşivtarihi = 12 Ocak 2013}}</ref> |
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! style="width:15%;" |Encarta (Tahmini)<ref name=Encarta>{{Web kaynağı | url = http://uk.encarta.msn.com/encnet/features/dictionary/dictionaryhome.aspx | başlık = Encarta Dictionary | erişimtarihi = 2009-11-16 | yayımcı = Microsoft Encarta 2006 | arşivurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20110817065613/http://uk.encarta.msn.com:80/encnet/features/dictionary/dictionaryhome.aspx | arşivtarihi = 17 Ağustos 2011}}</ref> |
! style="width:15%;" |[[Microsoft Encarta|Encarta]] (Tahmini)<ref name=Encarta>{{Web kaynağı | url = http://uk.encarta.msn.com/encnet/features/dictionary/dictionaryhome.aspx | başlık = Encarta Dictionary | erişimtarihi = 2009-11-16 | yayımcı = Microsoft Encarta 2006 | arşivurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20110817065613/http://uk.encarta.msn.com:80/encnet/features/dictionary/dictionaryhome.aspx | arşivtarihi = 17 Ağustos 2011}}</ref> |
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! width=7%|Sıra<ref name=AVG>Ranking by Mean Average of the two estimates (Encarta and Ethnologue)</ref> |
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Sayfanın 21.29, 13 Ağustos 2017 tarihindeki hâli
Bu maddenin mevcut adı tartışmalıdır. |
Bu maddenin içeriğinin Türkçeleştirilmesi veya Türkçe dilbilgisi ve kuralları doğrultusunda düzeltilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu maddedeki yazım ve noktalama yanlışları ya da anlatım bozuklukları giderilmelidir. (Yabancı sözcükler yerine Türkçe karşılıklarının kullanılması, karakter hatalarının düzeltilmesi, dilbilgisi hatalarının düzeltilmesi vs.) Düzenleme yapıldıktan sonra bu şablon kaldırılmalıdır. |
Bu liste, dillerin, o dili anadili olarak konuşan insan sayısına göre hazırlanmıştır. Her dilin tanımı kendine özgü olduğundan, ortak deyimler bazı farklı kültürel standartlarla ve kendini tanımlama ile farklı dallara ayrılmıştır. Bunlar: İskandinav dilleri, Hintçe, Almanca, Afrikaner dili, Endonezya dili, Malezyaca, Hırvatça, Boşnakça ve Sırpça'dır.
Listede kullanılan yerel konuşmacı sayıları SIL Ethnologue tarafından desteklenmektedir.
100 milyondan çok yerel konuşanı olan diller
Dil | Ailesi | Ethnologue (Tahmini)[1] | Encarta (Tahmini)[2] | Diğer Tahminler | Sıra[3] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mandarin | Çin-Tibet Dil Ailesi, Çince |
845.234.000 | 800.000.000[4] | Ethnologue], 1999[5])/ 1151 milyon (982 yerel, 179 yabancı)[6] Ayrıca Birleşmiş Milletler'in 6 resmi dilinden biridir. | 1 |
İspanyolca | Hint-Avrupa dil ailesi, İtalik diller, Roman dilleri, Batı İtalik, Gallo-İtalik, İber-Kafkas, Batı İber |
329.000.000 | 358.000.000[7] | Ethnologue] 1999).[8]/ 2009'da 500 milyondan fazlaydı.[9] Ayrıca Birleşmiş Milletler'in 6 resmi dilinden biridir. | 2 |
İngilizce | Hint-Avrupa dil ailesi, Germen dilleri, Batı Germen, Anglo-Frizce, İngiliz dilleri |
328.000.000 | 350.000.000[10] | Yabancı dil olarak konuşanlar dahil 508 milyon[11] Ayrıca Birleşmiş Milletler'in 6 resmi dilinden biridir. | 3 |
Urduca | Hint-Avrupa dil ailesi, Hint-İran, Hint-Aryan, Merkez Bölge (İsrail), Batı Hint Adaları, Khariboli |
182.000.000 Hindi, 60.600.000 Urdu |
200.000.000 Hindi,[12] 40,000,000 Urdu[13] |
487 milyon (Hintçe ve Urduca'nın tüm kollarıyla birlikte 366 milyon + 1999'da 120 milyon ikinci dil olarak konuşan [14])/ 484.5 milyon (258 milyon anadil olarak Hintçe, 422 milyon Hintçe ve Urduca'nın tüm kolları ile ve 51,5 milyon ikinci olarak konuşan ( 2001'deki Hindistan nüfus sayımına göre)[15] + 11 milyon Urduca konuşan Pakistan'da (1993'teki Pakistan'daki sayıma göre)[16])/ 552 milyon şu an(beklenen). 1,028 milyonda tüm kollarıyla birlikte 473,5 milyon Hintçe ve Urduca konuşan (Hindistan sayımına göre)(46%).[17] Pakistan'da 7.57%' Urduca konuşan.[18] Şu an Hindistan'ın nüfusu 1173 milyon[19] ve 168 million[20] Pakistan'ın şuanki nüfusu. (294.4 milyon Hintçeyi anadili gibi konuşur):Hindistan'ın 2001'deki sayımına göre 1,028 milyonun 422 milyonu Hintçe konuşur [21]. | 4 |
Arapça | Afro-Asyatik diller, Sami dil ailesi |
221.000.000* | 150.000.000[22] |
Yabancı dil olarak konuşanlar dahil 246 milyon (Ethnologue, 1999)[23]
Ayrıca Birleşmiş Milletler'in 6 resmi dilinden biridir. |
5 |
Bengalce | Hint-Avrupa, Hint-İran, Hint-Ari |
181.000.000 | 170.000.000[24] | Yabancı dil olarak konuşanlar dahil 211 milyon. Bangladeş'te resmi dil (Ethnologue, 1999[25]) Hindistan'ın eyaleti olan Batı Bengal ve Tripura'da resmi dillerden biri. | 6 |
Portekizce | Hint-Avrupa dil ailesi, İtalik diller, Roman dilleri, Batı-Roman, Gallo-Roman, İber-Kafkas, Batı İber, Galik-portekizce[26] |
178.000.000 | 150.000.000[27] | Ethnologue https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnologue%7CEthnologue], 1999[28]) Başka bir kaynağa göre de 220 milyon kişinin anadili, 20 milyon kişinin ikinci dili olmak üzere toplam 240 milyon kişi tarafından konuşulur[29] | 7 |
Rusça | Hint-Avrupa, Slav, Doğu Slav |
144.000.000 | 160.000.000[30] | Ethnologue https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnologue%7CEthnologue], 1999[31])/ Ayrıca Birleşmiş Milletler'in 6 resmi dilinden biridir.[32] | 8 |
Japonca | Ural Altay Dil Ailesi, Altay Kolu, tartışmalı |
122.000.000 | 126.000.000[33] | 130 milyon kişinin anadili, 2 milyon kişinin ikinci dili olmak üzere toplam 132 milyon kişi tarafından konuşulur | 9 |
50 milyondan 100 milyona kadar yerel konuşanı olan diller
Dil | Ailesi | Ethnologue (tahminî)[1] | Encarta (tahminî)[2] | Diğer Tahminler | Tahminî sıra[3] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Almanca | Hint-Avrupa, Cermen, Batı Cermen | 90.300.000 | 100.000.000[34] | 101 milyon Anadil (82 milyon Almanya (Genel Almanca), 8 milyon Avusturya (Genel Almanca), 5 milyon İsviçre (Genel Almanca) ), 60 milyon ikinci dil Avrupa Birliği[35] + 5–20 milyon Dünya çapı. Almanya, Avusturya, İsviçre, Lihtenştayn, lüksemburg, Belçika ve Trentino-Alto Adige(italya)'de resmî dil | 10 |
Cavaca | Avustronezya, Malezya-Polinezya, Sunda-Sulawesi | 84.600.000 | 70.000.550[36] | Cava Adası (Endonezya),Batı Malezya, Surinam, Yeni Kaledonya | 11 |
Pencapça | Hint-Avrupa, Hint-İran, Hint-Aryan | 78.300.000 | 70.000.000[37] | İkisi de Batı Pençapça'nın 2 Lahnda lehçesini ve Saraiki diliyle birlikte 61-62 milyon sayar (2000 WCD) (Doğu Pençapça'yla (28 milyon) birlikte yaklaşık olarak toplam 90 milyon ). | 12 |
Wu | Çin-Tibet, Çince | 77.200.000 | 90.000.000[38] | Şangay; Cıciang Eyaleti'nin büyük bir kısmı; Güney Jiangsu Bölgesi; Anhui eyaletinin Xuancheng bölge düzeyinde şehri; Shangrao İdari Bölgesi, Guangfeng idari bölgesi ve Yushan İdari Bölgesi, Ciangşi eyaleti; Pucheng idari bölgesi, Fujian eyaleti; North Point, Hong Kong | 13 |
Türkçe | Altay dilleri, Türk dilleri, Oğuz dilleri | 75.000.000[39] | 80.000.000[40] | Yabancı dil olarak konuşanlar ve çoğunluğu Orta Asya dâhil 220,000,000. Türkiye ve KKTC'nin resmi dili olup; ayrıca Azerbaycan, Almanya, İsviçre, Bulgaristan, Yunanistan, Hollanda, Avusturya, Belçika,Fransa, Suriye, Birleşik Krallık (İngiltere), Bosna-Hersek ve Kosova'daki Türk nüfusu tarafından da konuşulur. | 14 |
Korece | Yalıtık Dil | 75.100.000 | 75.100.000[41] | Güney Kore'de 50,100,000 (2013). Tüm ülkelerde 75,100,000 (2013 WA) | 15 |
Teluguca | Dravid, Güney Merkez | 69.800.000 | Hindistan'ın eyaleti Andhra Pradeş'te resmi dil. Ayrıca önemli miktarda Hindistan'ın diğer kısımlarında, ABD , Birleşik Krallık, Avustralya, Güney Afrika, Kanada, Yeni Zelanda, Fiji, Malezya, Singapur, Mauritius, Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri & Bahreyn. 74,002,856 (2001 census)[42] | 16 | |
Marathice | Hint-Avrupa, Hint-İran, Hint-Aryan,Güney | 68.100.000 | 70.000.000[43] | Hindistan sayımına göre 71,936,894 68 milyon Anadil ve 3 milyon yabancı dil olarak toplam 71 milyon |
17 |
Fransızca | Hint-Avrupa, İtalik, Roman, Batı-Roman, Gallo-Roman, Oil | 67.800.000 | 70.000.000[44] | 128 milyon “yerli ve anadili gibi konuşan" ( 64,473,140 Fransızlarla birlikte) ve 72 milyon "iki anadilli olarak". 200 milyondan fazla insan anadil veya ikinci dil olarak.[45][46] Fransızca İnternet en çok kullanılan sekizinci dil.[47][48][49] Ayrıca Birleşmiş Milletlerin 6 resmi dilinden biri.[32] | 18 |
Vietnamca | Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Vietic | 68,600,000 | 60,000,000[50] | 70 milyon yerli, yaklaşık 16 milyon ikinci dil = toplamda 86 milyon | 19 |
Tamilce | Dravid | 65.700.000 | 50,000,000[51] | Hindistan'ın Tamil Nadu eyaletinde resmi dil, Hindistan önemli sayıda diğer kısımlarında, Malezya, Singapur, Sri Lanka, ABD, Birleşik Krallık, Avustralya, Güney Afrika, Kanada, Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri, Mauritius, Burma, Tayland, Endonezya ve Fiji Hindistan census:60,793,814 78 milyon[52] |
20 |
İtalyanca | Hint-Avrupa, İtalik, Roman | 61.700.000 | 60.000.000[53] | İtalya, İsviçre, San Marino ve Vatikan'da Resmi dil | 21 |
Kantonca | Çin-Tibet, Çin | 55,500,000 | 70,000,000[54] | Hong Kong ve Makao'da resmi dil; Hong Kong, Makao, Guangdong Eyaleti, Çin ve denizaşırı çin topluluklarında konuşulur. | 22 |
10 milyondan 50 milyona kadar yerel konuşanı olan diller
Dil | Ailesi | Ethnologue Tahmini[1] | Encarta Tahmini | Diğer Tahminler | Tahminî sıra[3] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Peştuca | Hint-Avrupa, Hint-İran, İran, Doğu İran | 49,529,000[55] | 26,811,657 | Afganistan'da resmi dil.Pakistan'da yerli.İran ve Birleşik Arap Emirliklerinde önemli topluluklar toplumda 40-60 milyon.[56][56][57][58] | 23 |
Tagalogca (including Filipino) |
Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Philippine | 48.9 milyon | 17 milyon (2006) | Official in Philippines (in the form of Filipino). Significant communities in Australia, Canada, People’s Republic of China (Hong Kong), Japan, Korea, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (California, Guam, Hawaii, Northern Mariana Islands). ~49 million native[kaynak belirtilmeli], ~51 million second language = ~100 million total |
24 |
Guceratça | Hint-Avrupa, Hint-İran, Hint-Aryan | 46.5 milyon | 46.1 milyon | Official language in the Indian state of Gujarat and also spoken in Pakistan, Bangladesh, the Birleşik Krallık, the Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, Canada, Australia and in other states in India | 25 |
Min | Çin-Tibet, Çin | 46,200,000 | -- | Southern Min: 49m, Northern Min 10.43m | 26 |
Maithili | Hint-Avrupa, Hint-İran, Hint-Aryan | 45,000,000 | 24,191,900 | 27 | |
Lehçe | Hint-Avrupa, Slavic, West Slavic | 40,000,000 | 44 million | 28 | |
Kürtçe | Hint-Avrupa, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern | 40.000,000 | Kurdish is absent from Encarta's list of "Languages Spoken by More Than 40 Million People" | Official in Iraq. Native to Armenia, Iran, Syria, Turkey. Significant communities in Almanya, Lebanon. Some sources estimate there to be approximately 42 million Kurdish speakers 40 million only in the mideast.[59] | 29 |
Ukraynaca | Hint-Avrupa, Slavic, East Slavic | 39,400,000 | 47 million | Yabancı dil olarak konuşanlar dahil 47,000,000 | 30 |
Malayca | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Sunda-Sulawesi, Malayic | 39,100,000 | 23.6 million (2006) | Official in Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore. Native to Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand. Significant communities in Australia, Bahrain. 18 million native, 270 million second language (includes the mutually intelligible Bahasa Indonesia) |
31 |
Bhojpuri | Hint-Avrupa, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | 38,500,000 | 26,254,000 | 32 | |
Kannada | Dravidian, Karnataka, Southern - India | 38,400,000 | 38,400,000 | 38 million native, 9 million second language, = 47 million total | 33 |
Xiang | Sino-Tibetan, Chinese | 36,000,000 | 34 | ||
Malayalam | Dravidian, Kerala, Southern - India | 35,706,000 | 35,706,000 | Official Language in the Indian state Of Kerala. Also, significant communities in other parts of India, the United States, the UK, Australia, South Africa, Canada, New Zealand, Fiji, Malaysia, Singapore, Mauritius, the United Arab Emirates, and Bahrain. 74,002,856 (2001 census)[38] Indian census:33,066,392 | 35 |
Sundaca | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Sunda-Sulawesi | 34,000,000 | 27 million | Official in West Java (Indonesia) | 36 |
Burmaca | Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Lolo-Burmese | 32,300,000 | 32,300,000 | 50-56 million total speakers, including 18 to 23 million as second language (Myanmar Language Commission) | 37 |
Oriya | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | 31,700,000 | 32.3 million | Oriya is an official language of India and is spoken by over 35 million people all over the world. Indian Census:33,017,446 | 37 |
Farsça | Hint-Avrupa, Hint-İran, Iranian | 31.3 million[60] | 31.3 million [61] | 63 million (Encyclopedia of Orient)[62] 59.4 million 2009 CIA Factbook (Afghan Persian, Iranian Persian and Tajiki are considered dialects of one language);[63][64][65][66][67]. ca. 60-70 million, as their mother tongue (2006 estimates)[68][69][70][71][72]. | 38 |
Berberice (excluding Tuareg Berber) | Afro-Asiatic, Berber | 30,000,000 (Total of its constituent dialects and regional varieties: Central Atlas Tamazight, Tarifit, Tashelhit, Kabylian, Tashawit and others.[73]) | -- | Berber is a recognized national language in Cezayir but is not official; Mali and Niger recognize Tuareg Berber as a national language; Berber is recognized to exist by Morocco's government and media but is neither official nor accepted in government offices and judiciary; Libyan government doesn't accept its existence as a language; Berber is unrecognized by Mauritanian and Tunisian governments. Large migrant communities in Europe of around 1.5 million, mainly in Fransa, the Hollanda, Belçika, İspanya, İtalya, and Almanya. | 39 |
Hakka | Sino-Tibetan, Chinese | 30,000,000 | -- | 40 | |
Hausa | Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West Chadic | 24,200,000 | 24.2 million (2006) | Official in Niger, official in Nigeria. Significant communities in Chad, Benin, Ghana, Sudan 24 million native, ~15 million second language, = ~39 million total |
41 |
Azerice | Altay, Türkçe, Oğuz | 20.1 milyon[74][75] | 31.4 million[61] | Yabancı dil olarak konuşanlar dahil 40 milyon. Azerbaycan Cumhuriyetinin resmi dili. Azerbaycan'da 9 milyon kişinin konuştuğu dildir. . 25–35 milyon yerli,Kaşkayca'yla birlikte (İran için veriler çok belirsiz); 8 milyon ikinci dil olarak (İran dışında); - 12,7 milyon (Irak 0.6 milyon (1982), Suriye 0.03 milyon (1961), Türkiye 0.53 milyon; Azerbaycan, Iran 17 milyon (2010) 24%[77][78];
Azerbaycan, kuzey 7.5 milyon (2007)[79]; Azerbaycan, kaşkayca 1.5 milyon (1997)[80];Azerbaycan,29.170 milyon[81] |
42 |
Endonezce (also known as Bahasa Indonesia) |
Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian | 23.2 million | 17.1 million | national language in Indonesia over 140 million second language speakers per Ethnologue. Almost 100% of the population of Indonesia speaks Bahasa Indonesia, a dialect of Malay. |
43 |
Rumence | Hint-Avrupa, Italic, Romance | 23,400,000 | 26,265,555 | Official in Moldova, Romania, Serbia (Vojvodina). Significant communities in Yunanistan, Macaristan, Israel, İtalya, İspanya, Ukraine. 26 million native,[2] 4 million second language. The total is about 30 million.Kaynak hatası: <ref> etiketi için </ref> kapanışı eksik (Bkz: Kaynak gösterme)</nowiki> Official in Belçika, Kingdom of the Netherlands, Suriname. Significant communities in the Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, Canada, Australia, Indonesia, and Güney Afrika Cumhuriyeti (excluding Afrikaans). |
45 |
Gan | Sino-Tibetan, Chinese | 21 million | -- | 48 million, 29 million in Jiangxi<ref>http://ling.cass.cn/fangyan/dituji/LANGUAGE%20ATLAS%20OF%20CHINA.html The
population of Gan speakers is 48 million</ref> || 46 | |
Tayca | Kradai, Tai | 46.3 million (2006) | 46.1 million (2006) | Encarta includes Northern, Northeastern and Southern Thai as well as Central whereas ethnologue Thai is just Central Thai ~31 million native (1983 SIL, 1990 Diller, 2000 WCD) (dated data), = ~60 million first and second language (2001 A. Diller). Includes Southern Thai, Northern Thai/Western Lao, but not Shan, Isan, or Lao. |
47 |
Yorubaca | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Defoid, Yoruboid | 20,000,000 | 20 million (2006) | Official in Nigeria. | 48 |
Sindhî | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | 19,720,000 | 19,720,000 (2006) | Official in Pakistan, India. Significant communities in People’s Republic of China (Hong Kong), UK, Philippines Oman. 17 million native, 13 million second language, = 30 million total (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk) | 49 |
Özbekçe | Altaic, Turkic, Eastern Turkic | 18,466,000 | 20.1 million (2006) | Official in Uzbekistan. Native to Afganistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan | 50 |
İgbo | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Igboid | 18 million | 18 million | Official in Nigeria unknown number second language. |
51 |
Saraiki | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | 19,720,000 | 19,720,000 (2006) | Official in Pakistan, India. Significant communities in People’s Republic of China (Hong Kong), UK, Philippines Oman. 17 million native, 13 million second language, = 30 million total (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk) | 52 |
Amharic | Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, South | 17,413,000 | 17.4 million (2006) | Official in Ethiopia. Significant communities in Israel.27 million native (32.7% Ethiopia [1994 census] and 2.7 million emigrants), 10% (7 million) as a second language = 34 million total | 53 |
Nepali | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | 16,056,000 | 16,056,000 | Official in Nepal, India (Sikkim). Significant communities in Bhutan.approx. 30 million in Nepal, 16 million as native tongue and 15 million as a second language (2006) | 55 |
Cebuano | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo-Philippines | 15.8 million | 15 million (2006) | Native to Philippines 18.5 million native, ~11.5 million second language, = 30 million total (2000 census) |
56 |
Assamca | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | 15,334,000 | 15,374,000 | Official in India (Assam). Significant communities in Bhutan and Bangladesh. Assamese is spoken and/or understood by almost everyone in the state of Assam. Assam had a population of 26.7 million in 2003-04. So, Assamese has another 8-10 million second language speakers. Assamese is also understood and spoken widely in Arunachal Pradesh, which has a population of 1.1 million. These are mostly second or third language speakers. Various tribes in Nagaland, with a population of 2 million, use Nagamese, a variant of Assamese, for communication. Thus, a total of approximately, 28-30 million people speak and understand Assamese. | 57 |
Malgaşça | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Bornean, Barito | 15 million | 10.5 million (2006) | Official in Madagascar. Significant communities in Mayotte. 17 million |
58 |
Macarca | Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Ugric | 14,500,000 | 14.5 million (2006) | Official in Macaristan, Serbia (Vojvodina), Slovenia, Avusturya. Significant communities in Romania, Slovakya, Ukraine, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, Israel 14 million native (1995) |
59 |
Zhuang | Kradai, Tai | 14 million | 14 million | Official in People's Republic of China (Guangxi) 14 million native (1992), unknown number second language |
60 |
Maduraca | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Sunda-Sulawesi | 13,694,000 | 13,694,000 | Native to Indonesia (Originally Java, Madura) | 61 |
Seylanca | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | 15,650,000 | 15.6 million (2006) | Official in Sri Lanka. Significant communities in United Arab Emirates 13 million native, 2.6 million second language, = 15.6 million total (1993) |
62 |
Sırpça | Indo-European, Slavic, South | 10.5 million (In Countries where it is official language: Sırbistan, Bosna-Hersek ve Karadağ). Significant communities (2.5 million) in Croatia, Republic of Macedonia, Romania, ABD, Avusturya, Almanya, Fransa and Australia. | 13 million (worldwide 2010) | Up to 11 million more with Serbian as Second Language - Total 24 million | 63 |
Yunanca | Indo-European, Greek | 12 million | 12 million | Official in Yunanistan, Cyprus. Significant communities in Albania, Australia, Canada, Egypt, Fransa, Georgia, Almanya, İtalya, Rusya, Güney Afrika Cumhuriyeti, Turkey, Ukraine, the Birleşik Krallık, and the Amerika Birleşik Devletleri. 12 million (2004), up to 10–12 million more second language |
64 |
Fula/Fulfulde | Niger-Congo, Atlantic, Northern, Senegambian | ~13 million (all varieties) | 11,428,700 | Official in Niger, Nigeria. National language in Guinea, Mali, Mauritania, Senegal. Significant communities in Benin, Burkina Faso, Kamerun, Central African Republic, Chad, Gambiya, Guinea-Bissau, Mauritania, Sierra Leone. | 65 |
Çekçe | Indo-European, Slavic, West Slavic | 12 million (2006) | 12 million (1990 WA). | Official in Çek Cumhuriyeti. | 66 |
Shona | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | 7,000,000 | 14 million | National language of Zimbabwe. Significant communities in Botswana, Mozambique. 15 million native, 1.8 million second language, = 16–17 million total, including Ndau, Manyika (2000 A. Chebanne) |
67 |
Oromo | Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic, East Cushitic | split into different dialects in their consideration | 17.2 million (2006) | National language of Ethiopia. Significant communities in Kenya 24 million native (31.6% of Ethiopia [1994 census]), ~2 million second language, = 26 million total (1998 census) |
68 |
1 milyondan 10 milyona kadar yerel konuşanı olan diller
Dil | Ailesi | Resmi Durumda olarak veya Nüfusun %1'inden fazlası tarafından konuşulan yerler | SIL Tahmini[82] | Konuşan Sayısı | Tahmini Sıra[3] | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Somalice | Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic, East Cushitic | Official in Somalia. Native to Ethiopia, Kenya, Kenya, Djibouti. Significant communities in Canada, Danimarka, the Hollanda, Norway, Saudi Arabia, Sweden, the United Arab Emirates, the Birleşik Krallık, the Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, Yemen, and Japan. 10-16 milyon yerel ve at least 500,000 second-language speakers.milyon (2004 WCD) | 9.8 milyon (2006) | 69 | ||
Zuluca | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Official in Güney Afrika Cumhuriyeti. Significant communities in Lesotho, Swaziland | 9.6 milyon (2006) | 9.6 milyon native, ~16 milyon ikinci dil, = ~25 milyon toplam (1996 census) | 70 | |
Quechua | Quechuan | Official in Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru. Significant communities in Argentina | 8.3 milyon (2006) | 10.4 milyon, all varieties | 71 | |
Kazakça | Altay, Türkçe, Kuzeybatı, Güney | Kazakistan'da resmî dil. Çin'de konuşma dili (Xinjiang), Rusya, Moğolistan, Türkmenistan, Özbekistan | 8.2 milyon (2006) | 12 milyon | 72 | |
Tibetçe | Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Tibeto-Kanauri | Official in People's Republic of China (Tibet Autonomous Region and part of Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu). Significant communities in India | 7.1 million (2006) | 7.6 million | 73 | |
Çevaca (Nyanja) | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Official in Malawi, Zambia. Significant communities in Mozambique, Zimbabwe. | 9.3 million native (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk), 0.4 million second language (1999 WA), = 9.7 million total | 74 | ||
Haitian Creole | Indo-European, Romance, Creole | Official in Haiti. Significant communities in Bahamalar, Canada (Quebec), Cuba, Cayman Islands (UK), Dominican Republic, Fransa (Guadeloupe), Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (Connecticut, Florida, New Jersey, Massachusetts, New York). | 7.4 million (2006) | 12 million (2005) | 75 | |
Beyaz Rusça | Indo-European, Slavic, East Slavic | Official in Beyaz Rusya. Significant communities in Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Ukraine, Polonya, Rusya | 10.2 million (2006) | 9.1 million (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk) | 76 | |
Lombard | Indo-European, Romance | Native to İtalya | -- | 5 million Western Lombard + 3 million Eastern Lombard + others = 9.13 million (Ethnologue 2006) | 77 | |
İsveççe | Indo-European, Germanic, North | National language of Sweden. National language in Finland. | ~10 million (2006) | 8.8 million (1986), ~10 million (2005) | 78 | |
Akan | Niger-Congo, Kwa | National language in Ghana | 7 million (2006) | 8.3 million native, ~1 million second language, = ~10 million total (2004 SIL) | 79 | |
Tshiluba | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | National language of Congo-Kinshasa | 7.8 million native, 0.7 million second language, = 8.5 million total (1991 UBS). Includes 1.5 million Kiluba. | 80 | ||
Ilokano | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo-Philippines | Philippines. Significant communities in Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (Hawaii). | 8 million (2006) | 7.7 million native (2000 census), ~2.3 second language = 10 million total | 81 | |
Uygurca | Altaic, Turkic, Southeastern, Eastern | Official in People's Republic of China (Xinjiang). Significant communities in Kazakhstan | 7.6 million (2006) | 7.6 million | 82 | |
Napolice | Indo-European, Romance | Native to İtalya | -- | 7.5 million native | 83 | |
Bulgarca | Indo-European, Slavic, South | Official in Bulgaristan. Significant communities in Moldova, Ukraine, the Republic of Macedonia, Yunanistan, Almanya, İtalya, İspanya, Birleşik Krallık, ABD | 9 million (2006) | 7.7 million in Bulgaria (2005) and ~1 million abroad = 8.5 million native | 84 | |
Arnavutça | Indo-European, isolate | Official in Arnavutluk, KosovaSignificant communities in Yunanistan, Karadağ, Makedonya, İtalya. | 7.6 million | 3.6 milyon (data from Albania) | 85 | |
Ruandaca | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Official in Rwanda. Significant communities in Congo-Kinshasa, Uganda | 7.3 million (1998) | 86 | ||
Kmerce | Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Khmer | 7,039,200 | 8 million (2006) | Official in Cambodia. Significant communities in Thailand, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (California), Vietnam 14 million native, 1 million second language, = 15 million total (2004) |
87 | |
Xhosa | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Official in Güney Afrika Cumhuriyeti. Significant communities in Lesotho | 6.9 million (2006) | 7.2 million (1996 census) | 88 | |
Beluci | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian | Native to Afganistan, Iran, Pakistan. Significant communities in Oman, United Arab Emirates | 7 million (2006) | 7.0 million (1998) | 89 | |
Hiligaynon | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo-Philippines | Philippines | 7 million (2006) | 6.9 million (2000 census), est. 4.1 million second language = ~11 million total | 90 | |
Afrikanca | Indo-European, Germanic, West Germanic | Official in Güney Afrika Cumhuriyeti. Significant communities in Namibia, Botswana, Australia, New Zealand, Canada and Birleşik Krallık. | 6.0 million (2006) | 6.0 million native, 10.3 million second language, = 16 million total (1996 census) | 91 | |
İbranice | Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, North Central | Official in Israel. Significant communities in ABD (New York, California) and Canada (Ontario, Montreal). | 5.5 million (2006) | Up to 10 million speakers including second language speakers. | 92 | |
Hırvatça | Indo-European, Slavic, South | Official language in; Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Karadağ. Significant communities in Avusturya, Almanya, Macaristan, Romania, Slovenia. | 6.2 million (1996) | Up to 7-8 million speakers including second language speakers. | 93 | |
Tigrinya | Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, South | Official in Eritrea, Ethiopia | 5.1 million (2006) | 4.5 million in Ethiopia (6% of population (1994 census)), ~2.25 million in Eritrea (50% of population (CIA)), = 6.75 million native, 146,934 as second language (1994 census), = 6.9 million total | 94 | |
Katalanca | Indo-European, Romance | Official and Native to Andorra, İspanya (Balearic Islands, Catalonia, Valencia, Aragon (La Franja), Fransa (Pyrénées-Orientales), İtalya (Alghero). | 6.6 million (2006) | 6.7 million native, ~5 million second language, = ~12 million total (1996) (includes Valencian) | 95 | |
Minangkabau | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Sunda-Sulawesi, Malayic | Indonesia (Sumatra) | 6.5 million (2006) | 6.5 million (1981 Moussay) (dated data) | 96 | |
Türkmence | Altaic, Turkic, Southwestern, Eastern | Official in Turkmenistan. Significant communities in Afganistan, Iran. | 6.4 million (2006) | 6.4 million (1995) | 97 | |
Kongo | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | National language in Angola, Congo-Brazzaville (Kituba), Congo-Kinshasa. | 4.7 million (2006) | 8.7 million, all varieties, including Yombe and creolized Kituba (1986–2002) (dated data) | 98 | |
Tacikçe | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian | Official in Tajikistan. Significant communities in Uzbekistan | 4.4 million. | 7.9-17 million native (estimates vary due to lack of official data, moreover these exclude Tajiks of Afghanistan) | 99 | |
Makhuwa | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Major language of Mozambique. Significant communities in Tanzania | 2.5 million (2006) | 6.4 million, all varieties, including Lomwe | 100 | |
Santali | Austro-Asiatic, Munda | Official in India | 6.2 million (2006) | 6.2 million (1997) | 101 | |
Ermenice | Indo-European, isolate | Official in Armenia. Significant communities in Rusya, ABD, Georgia, Iran, Lebanon, Syria, Fransa and Turkey. | 6 million (2006) | 6.7 million (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk, etc.) | 102 | |
Moğolca | Altaic, Mongolian | Official in People's Republic of China (Inner Mongolia), Mongolia | 5.7 million (2006) | 5.7 million | 103 | |
Bhili | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | India | 1.3 million (2006) | 5.6 million, all varieties (1994). Includes 1.6 million Wagdi, etc. | 104 | |
Danca | Indo-European, Germanic, North | Official in Danimarka, Faroe Islands (Denmark). Significant communities in Almanya (Southern Schleswig) and Greenland. | 5.3 million (2006) | 5.5 million (2009) | 105 | |
Fince | Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Finnic | Official in Finland. Significant communities in Sweden and Estonia. | 6.1 million (2006) | 5.4 million (1993) | 106 | |
Tatarca | Altaic, Turkic, Northwestern, Northern | Official in Rusya (Tatarstan). Significant communities in Bashkortostan, Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan | başlık = Ethnologue 14 on Tatar (version 15 gives data obviously invompatible with this and the next shown source) | erişimtarihi = 2010-03-16 | yayımcı = Ethnologue.com | arşivurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20080424051229/http://www.ethnologue.com:80/14/show_language.asp?code=TTR | arşivtarihi = 24 Nisan 2008}}</ref> at least 5.34 million (2002 census: ethnic Tatars in Russia only)<ref>[http://lingsib.unesco.ru/ru/languages/statistics_ru.xls Народы и языки Российской Федерации. Статистика]{{ru icon}}</ref> | 107 | ||
Gikuyu | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Major language of Kenya | 5.4 million (2006) | 5.3 million (1994 I. Larsen BTL) | 108 | |
Slovakça | Indo-European, Slavic, West Slavic | Official in Slovakya and Vojvodina district of Serbia. | 5.6 million (2006) | 5.0 million (1990 WA) | 109 | |
More | Niger-Congo, Gur | National language of Burkina Faso | 5.1 million (2006) | ~5 million (1991) | 110 | |
Guarani | Tupi | Official in Paraguay. Significant communities in Argentina. | 5.1 million (2006) | 4.9 million (1995) | 111 | |
Swahili | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Official in Congo-Kinshasa, Kenya, Tanzania. Significant communities in Comoros, Mayotte, Oman | 5 million (2006) | ~5 million native, ~80 million second language | 112 | |
Southern Quechua | Quechuan | Official in Peru, Bolivia | ~5,000,000 | 113 | ||
Kirundi | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Official in Burundi. | 4.9 million (1986) (dated data) | 114 | ||
Sesotho (southern) | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Official in Lesotho, Güney Afrika Cumhuriyeti. | 4.9 million (1996 census) | 115 | ||
Sicilyaca | Indo-European, Italic, Romance | Official in Sicily, İtalya | 4.83 million (2000) | 116 | ||
Romani | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | Significant communities in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaristan, Croatia, the Çek Cumhuriyeti, Macaristan, Iran, Ireland, Macedonia, Karadağ, the Hollanda, Romania, Serbia, Slovakya, Turkey, and the Amerika Birleşik Devletleri | 3.1 million (2006) | 4.8 million, all varieties, including Domari (data for Vlax 2002–2004; for Domari 2000 WCD). | 117 | |
Norveççe | Indo-European, Germanic, North | Official in Norway. Significant communities in the Amerika Birleşik Devletleri. | 5 million (2006) | 4.7 million (2006, Statistics Norway) | 118 | |
Pahari-Potwari | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | Pakistan: Areas of Pakistani administered Kashmir e.g. Mirpur District, Rawalpindi. Dialects include Pahari (Dhundi-Kairali), Pothwari (Potwari), Chibhali, Pindiwali, Punchhi (Poonchi), and Mirpuri.<ref>Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. (ed.), 2005. [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=phr "Ethnologue Report for Pahari-Potwari."] ''Ethnologue: Languages of the World'', Fifteenth edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International.</ref> (Mirpuri can also refer to Mirpur Punjabi, a Lahnda language. Pahari-Potwari is related to Punjabi. | 4.7 million, all varieties | 119 | ||
Tibetçe | Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Bodic | Official in People's Republic of China (Tibet, Qinghai, parts of Sichuan, Gansu) | 1.3 million (2006) | 4.6 million, all varieties | 120 | |
Kanuri | Nilo-Saharan, Saharan | Official in Niger, Nigeria. Significant communities in Chad (Kanembu) | 4.4 million native, 0.5 million second language, = 4.9 million total (data mostly from 1985) (dated data) | 121 | ||
Kashmiri | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | Official in and native to India. | 4.5 million (2006) | 4.6 million (1997) | 122 | |
Bikol | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo-Philippines | Philippines | 3.3 million (2006) | 4.5 native, all varieties (2000 census), unknown number second language | 123 | |
Yi | Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Burmic | Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti | 4.2 million (2006) | 7.8 million ethnic Yi (2000 census) | 124 | |
Gürcüce | Kartvelian | Official in Georgia. Significant communities in Israel. | 4.1 million (2006) | 4.2 million (1993 UBS) | 125 | |
Qusqu-Qullaw | Quechuan | Official in Peru (Cusco and Puno departments) Also spoken in Bolivia, Argentina | 4 million | 126 | ||
Tswana | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Official in Botswana, Güney Afrika Cumhuriyeti. National language of Namibia | 4 million (2006) | 4.4 million native, 200,000 second language, = 4.6 million total (1993 Johnstone) (dated data) | 127 | |
Umbundu | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | National language of Angola | ~4 million native, unknown number second language (1995 WA) | 128 | ||
Konkani | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | Official in India (Goa).Significant communities in Uttara Kannada, Dakshina Kannada. | 6 million (2006) | ~4 million (1999 WA) | 129 | |
Balinese | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Sunda-Sulawesi, Bali-Sasak | Indonesia (Bali, Lombok) | 3.8 million (2006) | 3.9 million (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk) | 130 | |
Northern Sotho (sePedi) | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Official in Güney Afrika Cumhuriyeti. Significant communities in Botswana | 3.7 million (1996 census) | 131 | ||
Luyia | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Kenya | 3.6 million (2006) | 3.6 million (1989 census) (dated data) | 132 | |
Wolof | Niger-Congo, Atlantic | National language in Mauritania, Senegal. Significant communities in The Gambia. | 3.4 million (2006) | 3.6 million native (2002), unknown number second language | 133 | |
Buginese | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Sunda-Sulawesi, South Sulawesi | Indonesia | 3.5 million native, 0.5 million second language, = ~4 million total (1991 SIL) | 134 | ||
Luo (Dholuo) | Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic | Kenya | 3.4 million (2006) | 3.5 million (1994 I. Larsen BTL) (dated data) | 135 | |
Maninka | Niger-Congo, Mande | National language of Guinea, Mali. Significant numbers in Liberia, Senegal, Sierra Leone. | 2.5 million (2006) | 3.3 million, all varieties | 136 | |
Mazanderani | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western Iranian | İran | 3.3 million (2006) | 3.3 million (1993) (dated data) (numbers may be confused with or include Gilaki) | 137 | |
Gilaki | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western Iranian | İran | 3.3 million (2006) | 3.3 million (1993) (dated data) (numbers may be confused with or include Mazanderani) | 138 | |
Shan | Kradai, Tai | Myanmar | 3 million (2006) | 3.3 million | 139 | |
Tsonga | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Official in Güney Afrika Cumhuriyeti. Significant communities in Mozambique, Swaziland. | 3.2 million (2006) | 3.3 million (1989, 1996) (dated data) | 140 | |
Galician | Indo-European, Romance. | Official in Galicia, İspanya. | 3.2 million (2006) | 3.2 million (1986) (data dated) | 141 | |
Lao | Kradai, Tai | Official in Laos. Native to Thailand. | 3.2 million (2006) | ~19 million Lao-Phutai dialects (including Isan) (data dated) | 142 | |
Sukuma | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Tanzania | 5 million (2006) | 3.2 million (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk) | 143 | |
Yiddish | Indo-European, Germanic, West Germanic | official in Rusya (Jewish Autonomous Oblast) Significant communities in Beyaz Rusya, Israel, Latvia, Ukraine, ABD. | 469,000 | 3.2 million | 144 | |
Jamaican Creole | Indo-European, Germanic, West Germanic, Creole | Jamaica. Significant communities in Panama, Kosta Rika | 2.8 million (2006) | 3.2 million (2001) | 145 | |
Piemonteis | Indo-European, Italic, North | İtalya (official in the Piedmont region), Argentina | 3.1 million (2000) | 3.1 million (2000), might not include speakers in Latin America | 146 | |
Kırgızca | Altaic, Turkic, Northwestern, Southern | Official in Kyrgyzstan. Native to Tajikistan | 3.1 million (2006) | 3.1 million (1993 UBS) (dated data) | 147 | |
Waray-Waray | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo-Philippines | Philippines | 2.4 million | 3.1 native (2000 census), unknown number second language | 148 | |
Ewe | Niger-Congo, Kwa | Official in Togo. National language of Ghana. | 2.5 million (2006) | 3.1 million native, 500,000 second language, = 3.6 million total (2003) | 149 | |
South Bolivian Quechua | Quechuan | Official in Bolivia, also spoken in Argentina | 3,637,500 (ethnologue)sout | 150 | ||
Litvanca | Indo-European, Baltic | Official in Lithuania. Significant communities in Latvia. | 4 million (2006) | 3.1 million (1998) | 151 | |
Boşnakça | Indo-European, Slavic, South | Official language in; Bosnia and Herzegovina and Karadağ. Significant communities in Serbia. | 1,8 milion (1996) | 2,300,000 | 152 | |
Luganda | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Major language of Uganda | 3.0 million native (1991 census), ~1 million second language (1999 WA), = ~4 million total | 153 | ||
Lusoga | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Major language of Uganda, official status unclear/pending | +/- 3 million native speakers (2002 census), +/- 100,000 second-language speakers (dated data) | 154 | ||
Acehnese | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Sunda-Sulawesi, Malayic | Indonesia | 3 million (2006) | ~3 million (1999 WA) | 155 | |
Kimbundu | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | National language of Angola | ~3 million (1999 WA) | 156 | ||
Hindko | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | Pakistan | 2.5 million (2006) | ~3 million (1993) (dated data) | 157 | |
Ibibio-Efik | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River | Efik official in Nigeria | 1.5 million (2006) | ~3 million, including Anaang (1990; 1998 B. Connell) (dated data) | 158 | |
Rajbangsi | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | India | 3.0 million (1991 census) | 159 | ||
Venetian Language | Indo-European, Latin languages, | North-Eastern Italy | 3.0 million (2009) | 160 | ||
Garhwali | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | India | 2.9 million (2000) | 161 | ||
Bambara | Niger-Congo, Mande | National language of Mali | 2.8 million native, 10 million second language, = 13 million total | 162 | ||
Hmong | Hmong-Mien | China. Significant communities in Fransa (French Guiana), Laos, Australia, New Zealand, Argentina, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (Minnesota, Wisconsin, California), Vietnam, Thailand | 7.8 million (2006) ~4 million (Lemoine, 2005) |
163 | ||
Ometo | Afro-Asiatic, Omotic | Ethiopia | 2.8 million, all varieties, including Welayta (1998 census) | 164 | ||
Indian Sign Language | Language isolate (Sign language) | Bangladesh, India, Pakistan | 2.7 million in India, plus unknown number in Bangladesh, Pakistan (2003). Same language as Pakistani Sign Language | 165 | ||
Betawi creole | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Sunda-Sulawesi, Creole | Indonesia | 2.7 million (1993 Johnstone) | 166 | ||
Karen | Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Karenic | Myanmar, Thailand, India | 2.6 million, all varieties (dated data) | 167 | ||
Gondi | Dravidian | India | 2.6 million (1997) | 1689 | ||
Senoufo | Niger-Congo, Gur | National language of Mali. Native to Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire. | 2.6 million, all varieties (1991, 1993, 2001) | 169 | ||
Kalenjin | Nilo-Saharan, East Sudanic, Nilotic | Kenya | 2.5 million (1989 census) | 170 | ||
Kumauni | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | India | 2.4 million in India (1998) | 171 | ||
Kamba | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Kenya | 2.4 million native, 600,000 second language, = 3.0 million total (1989 census) | 172 | ||
Luri | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western Iranian | Iran | 2.4 million (1999, 2001) | 173 | ||
K'iche' | Mayan | Guatemala | 2.3 million (2000 SIL) | 174 | ||
Kapampangan | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo-Philippines | Philippines | 2.3 million (2000 census) | 175 | ||
Bemba | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | National language of Zambia | 2.2 million (2006) 3.6 million native, unknown number second language (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk) |
176 | ||
Central Aymara | Aymaran | Official in Bolivia, Peru. Significant numbers in Argentina. | 2.2 million Central Aymara (1987) | 177 | ||
Tiv | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid | Nigeria | 2.2 million native, unknown number second language (1991 UBS) | 178 | ||
Brahui | Dravidian | Pakistan, Afganistan | 2.2 million | 179 | ||
Gbaya | Niger-Congo, Ubangian | Central African Republic, Congo-Kinshasa | 2.2 million, all varieties, including Ngbaka (2000 WCD) | 180 | ||
Zarma | Nilo-Saharan, Songhai | Official in Niger | 2.2 million (1998) | 181 | ||
Baoulé | Niger-Congo, Kwa | Côte d'Ivoire | 2.1 million (1993 SIL) | 182 | ||
Dogri | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | Official in India (Jammu and Kashmir states) | 2.1 million (1997) | 183 | ||
Lingala | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | National language of Congo-Brazzaville, Congo-Kinshasa. | 2.1 million native (2000 WCD), 7 million second language in Congo-Kinshasa (1999 WA), unknown additional second-language speakers in Congo-Brazzaville, = 9+ million total. According to Britannica (2005 Yearbook) more than 36 million people speak Lingala as lingua franca. | 184 | ||
Sasak | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Sunda-Sulawesi | Indonesia | 2.1 million (1989) | 185 | ||
Kurux | Dravidian | India, Nepal | 2.1 million (1997) | 186 | ||
Mundari | Austro-Asiatic, Munda | India | 2.1 million (1997) | 187 | ||
Dinka | Nilo-Saharan, East Sudanic, Nilotic | Southern Sudan | 2+ million | 188 | ||
Slovence | Indo-European, Slavic, South Slavic | Official in Avusturya, Macaristan, İtalya, Slovenia. | 2.0 - 2.5 million consisting of the population of Slovenia (1991 census) plus minorities in Austria, Croatia, Hungary and Italy; several hundred thousand (100 000 - 200 000) in US, Canada, Argentina and Australia | 189 | ||
Batak | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Sunda-Sulawesi, Northern Sumatra | Indonesia | 2 million (2006) ~6.2 million, all varieties (c. 1991 UBS) (dated data). Includes Toba, Dairi, Simalungun, etc. |
190 | ||
Makedonca | Indo-European, Slavic, South | Official in Republic of Macedonia , also sizeable communities in Albania, Yunanistan, Bulgaristan, Serbia, Almanya, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, Australia, Canada. | başlık = Ethnologue: Macedonia | erişimtarihi = 2010-03-16 | yayımcı = Web.archive.org | tarih = 1999-04-21 | arşivengelli = evet}}</ref> | 191 | ||
Buyei | Kradai, Tai | China | ~2 million (1990 census) | 192 | ||
Beti-Pahuin | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Major language of Gabon, Equatorial Guinea. Significant communities in Kamerun, São Tomé and Príncipe. | ~2 million. Includes Fang, Ewondo, etc. | 193 | ||
Zazaki | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western Iranian | Türkiye | 1.5–2.5 million (all dialects) (1998 Paul) | 194 | ||
Occitan | Indo-European, Romance | Fransa, İtalya, İspanya, Monako | 1,939,000 | 193 | ||
Tulu | Dravidian | India | 1.9 million (1997) | 194 | ||
Ligurian | Indo-European, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Gallo-Romance, Gallo-Italic | İtalya, Fransa, Monako | 1,920,848 | 195 | ||
Sidamo | Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic, East Cushitic | Ethiopia | 1.9 million native, 100,000 second language, = 2.0 million total (1998 census) | 196 | ||
Bashkir | Altaic, Turkic, Northwestern, Northern | Official in Rusya (Bashkortostan) | 1.9 million (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk) | 197 | ||
Yao | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Malawi, Tanzania, Mozambique | ~1.9 million (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk) | 198 | ||
Chuvash | Altaic, Turkic | Official in Rusya (Chuvashia) | 1.8 million native, 200,000 second language, = 2.0 million total (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk) | 199 | ||
Ijaw (Izon) | Niger-Congo, Ijoid languages | Indigenous in Nigeria | 1.8 million (all varieties) (Izon 1 million) | 200 | ||
Fon | Niger-Congo, Kwa | National language of Benin Significant communities in Togo | 1.7 million native (2000 Hoddenbagh), unknown number second language | 201 | ||
SiSwati | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Official in Güney Afrika Cumhuriyeti, Swaziland. Significant communities in Lesotho | 1.7 million (1996 census, 1993 Johnstone) | 202 | ||
Latvian | Indo-European, Baltic | Official in Latvia. Significant communities in Australia, ABD, Birleşik Krallık, Ireland, Brazil. | başlık = Latvian | erişimtarihi = 2010-03-16 | yayımcı = Ethnologue | arşivurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20130203161019/http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=lav | arşivtarihi = 3 Şubat 2013}}</ref> | 203 | ||
Nyankore | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Uganda | 1.6 million (1991 census) | 204 | ||
Makasar | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Sunda-Sulawesi | Indonesia | 1.6 million native, 400,000 second language, = 2 million total (1989) | 205 | ||
Gusii | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Kenya | 1.6 million (1994 I. Larsen BTL) | 206 | ||
Khandeshi | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | India | 1.6 million (1997) | 207 | ||
Ndebele | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Official in Güney Afrika Cumhuriyeti. National language of Zimbabwe. | 1.6 million (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk) | 208 | ||
Chin | Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman | Myanmar, India | 1.6 million (1990 BAP, 1996 UBS). All varieties, but not including Mizo etc. | 209 | ||
Limburgish | Indo-European, Germanic, West Germanic, Meuse-Rhenish | Official in the Hollanda as a regional language. Spoken in Belçika and Almanya without official status. | 1.6 million | 210 | ||
Vlax Romani | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | Bosnia and Herzegovina, Romania, Albania, Colombia, Macaristan | 1.5 million | 211 | ||
Sara | Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, Bongo-Bagirmi | National language of Chad. Significant communities in Central African Republic. | 1.5 million native, all varieties, large number second-language speakers (dated data) | 212 | ||
Pangasinan | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo-Philippines | Philippines | 1.5 million (2000 census) | 213 | ||
Tonga | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Zambia, Zimbabwe | 1.5 million (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk) | 214 | ||
Lampung | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Sunda-Sulawesi | Indonesia | ~1.5 million (1981 Wurm and Hattori) | 215 | ||
Sardinian | Indo-European, Romance | Official in İtalya (Sardinia) | ~1.5 million (1977 M. Ibba, Rutgers University) | 216 | ||
Scots | Indo-European, Germanic, West Germanic, Anglo-Frisian, Old English, Scots | Scotland, Significant communities in Northern Ireland | ~1.5 million native (General Register Office for Scotland, 1996) | 217 | ||
Dong | Kradai, Kam-Sui | China | 1.5 million | 218 | ||
Mende | Niger-Congo, Mande | National language of Sierra Leone | 1.5 million native, unknown number second language (1987 UBS) | 219 | ||
Tày | Kradai, Kam-Tai, Tai | Vietnam | 1.5 million in Vietnam (1999 census) | 220 | ||
Nahuatl | Uto-Aztecan, isolate | Meksika | 1.4 million (all varieties) (dated data) | 221 | ||
Afar | Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic, East Cushitic | Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti | 1.4 million (1998 census) | 222 | ||
Dagbani | Niger-Congo, Gur | National language of Ghana | 1.4 million, including Kusaal, Mampruli (2004 SIL) | 223 | ||
Koli | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | India, Pakistan | 1.4 million, all varieties (some data dated) | 224 | ||
Chiga | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Uganda | 1.4 million (1991 census) | 225 | ||
Çeçence | Caucasic, Nakh | Official in Rusya (Chechnya). | 1.33 million (2002 census) | 226 | ||
Tumbuka | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Official in Malawi. Significant communities in Zambia | 1.3 million (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk) | 227 | ||
Iu Mien | Hmong-Mien, Yao | Çin | 1.3 million, all varieties (1995 Wang and Mao) | 228 | ||
Meru | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Kenya | 3.0 million (2009 Kenya census BTL) (dated data) | 229 | ||
Gogo | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Tanzania | ~1.3 million (1992 UBS) (dated data) | 230 | ||
Teso | Nilo-Saharan, East Sudanic, Nilotic | Uganda. Significant communities in Kenya | 1.3 million (1991 census) | 231 | ||
Meithei | Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman | Official in India (Manipur) | 1.3 million (1997) | 232 | ||
Tamang | Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman | Nepal | 1.3 million | 233 | ||
Makonde | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Tanzania, Mozambique | 1.3 million (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk) | 234 | ||
Bai | Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, unclassified | Çin | 1.2 million (2003) | 235 | ||
Tuareg | Afro-Asiatic, Berber, Southern | Official in Niger. National language of Mali. | 1.2 million (1991–1998) | 236 | ||
Mandinka | Niger-Congo, Mande | National language of Senegal. Significant communities in Gambiya, Guinea-Bissau. | 1.2 million (2002) | 237 | ||
Jula | Niger-Congo, Mande | Native to Burkina Faso, Significant communities in Côte d'Ivoire | ~1.2 million native, 3–4 million second language | 238 | ||
Temne | Niger-Congo, Atlantic | National language of Sierra Leone | ~1.2 million native, 200,000 second language, = ~1.4 million total (1989 J. Kaiser) | 239 | ||
Haya | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Tanzania | ~1.2 million (1991 UBS) | 240 | ||
Serer | Niger-Congo, Atlantic | National language of Senegal. Significant communities in Gambiya. | 1.2 million (2002) | 241 | ||
Beja | Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic or isolate | Sudan, Eritrea | 1.2 million (1982 SIL) | 242 | ||
Nyamwezi | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Tanzania | 1.2 million (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk) | 243 | ||
Abron | Niger-Congo, Kwa | Ghana | 1.2 million (2003) | 244 | ||
Alur | Nilo-Saharan, East Sudanic, Nilotic | Congo-Kinshasa, Uganda | 1.2 million (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk) | 245 | ||
Sena | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Mozambique, Malawi | 1.2 million, all varieties | 246 | ||
Azande | Niger-Congo, Ubangian | Congo-Kinshasa, Southern Sudan, Central African Republic | 1.1 million (dated data) | 247 | ||
Walloon | Indo-European, Romance | Belçika | 1.1 million (1998) | 248 | ||
Anyi | Niger-Congo, Kwa | Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana | 1.2 million (1993 SIL) | 249 | ||
Malvi | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | India | 1.1 million (1997) | 250 | ||
Kinaray-a | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo-Philippines | Philippines | 1.1 million native (2000 census) | 251 | ||
Soninke | Niger-Congo, Mande | National language in Mali, Mauritania, Senegal. Significant communities in Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Gambiya. | 1.10 million (1991) | 252 | ||
Ho | Austro-Asiatic, Munda | India | 1.08 million (1997) | 253 | ||
Estonca | Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Finnic | Official in Estonia | 1.08 million (1989 census) | 254 | ||
Nyakyusa | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Tanzania, Malawi | 1.05 million (1992 UBS) | 255 | ||
Gwari | Niger-Congo, Nupe | Nigeria | 1.05 million (1991 SIL, 2002 SIL) | 256 | ||
Lugbara | Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic, Moru-Madi | Congo-Kinshasa, Uganda | 1.04 million (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk, 1983 SIL) | 257 | ||
Baskça | Language isolate, Basque Country and Navarre (İspanya) and Northern Basque Country (Fransa) | Official in Basque Country, İspanya | 1.03 million (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk, 1983 SIL) | 258 | ||
Naga | Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman | Hindistan | 1.03 million, all varieties (1997) | 259 | ||
Susu | Niger-Congo, Mande | National language of Guinea. Significant communities in Sierra Leone. | 1.03 million (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk) | 260 | ||
Tausug | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo-Philippine | Philippines Significant communities in Indonesia (Kalimantan), Malaysia (Sabah) | 1.02 million native (2000 census) | 261 | ||
Chokwe | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | National language of Angola. Significant communities in Congo-Kinshasa | 1.01 million (1990 UBS) | 262 | ||
Kabardeyce | Caucasic, Circassian | Official in Rusya (Kabardino-Balkaria). Significant communities in Karachay-Cherkessia, Turkey | 1.01 million (1993 UBS, 2001 Johnstone and Mandryk) | 263 | ||
Ryūkyū | Japonic, Ryūkyūan | Japonya | 1.01 million, all varieties (2000 WCD) | 264 | ||
Magindanaw | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo-Philippine | Philippines | 1.0 million native (2000 census), unknown number second language | 265 | ||
Maranao | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo-Philippine | Philippines | 1.0 million native (2000 census) | 266 | ||
Ancash Quechua | Waywash | Resmi olarak Peru | 1.0 million speakers | 267 |
100,000'den 1 milyona kadar yerel konuşanı olan diller
Dil | Ailesi | Resmi Durumda olarak veya Nüfusun %1'inden fazlası tarafından konuşulan yerler | Konuşan Sayısı | Notlar |
---|---|---|---|---|
Welsh | Indo-European, Celtic, Brythonic | Official in Galler Also spoken by isolated populations in Argentina and İngiltere and Amerika Birleşik Devletleri. | Around 750,000 speakers, though estimations run up to one million speakers | — Galler: 611,000<ref>{{Web kaynağı | url = http://www.byig-wlb.org.uk/english/publications/publications/332.doc | başlık = 2004 Welsh Language Use Survey: the report - Welsh Language Board | erişimtarihi = 2010-05-23 | arşivurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20120310054220/http://www.byig-wlb.org.uk/English/publications/Publications/332.doc | arşivtarihi = 10 Mart 2012}}</ref> — İngiltere: 150,000<ref>{{Web kaynağı | url = http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/topic,463af2212,488f25df2,49749c8cc,0.html | başlık = Refworld | World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples - United Kingdom : Welsh | erişimtarihi = 2010-05-23 | yayımcı = UNHCR | yazar = United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees | arşivurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20121120174028/http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/topic,463af2212,488f25df2,49749c8cc,0.html | arşivtarihi = 20 Kasım 2012}}</ref> — Chubut, Argentina: 5,000<ref>{{Web kaynağı | url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A1163503 | başlık = h2g2 - Y Wladfa - The Welsh in Patagonia | erişimtarihi = 2010-05-23 | yayımcı = BBC | arşivurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20110312033518/http://www.bbc.co.uk:80/dna/h2g2/A1163503 | arşivtarihi = 12 Mart 2011}}</ref> |
Songe | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Congo-Kinshasa | ~1 million (1991 WA) | |
Rejang | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Sunda-Sulawesi | Endonezya | ~1 million (1981 Wurm and Hattori) | |
Bini | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Edoid | Official in Nigeria | ~1 million (1999 WA) | |
Ebira | Niger-Congo, Nupe | Nijerya | ~1 million (1989 J. Adive) | |
Pnar | Mon-Khmer | Jaintia Hills, Khasi Hills Meghalaya, India | 200,000-250,000 | |
Dagaare | Niger-Congo, Gur | National language of Ghana. Significant communities in Burkina Faso. | ~1 million (2003) | |
Gujari | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | Afganistan, Hindistan, Pakistan | 0.99 million (2000 WCD) | |
Tharu | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan | Nepal | 0.99 million, all varieties | |
Venda | Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu | Official in Güney Afrika Cumhuriyeti | 0.96 million (1996 census) | |
Arakanese | Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman | Myanmar, Bangladesh | 0.95 million (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk) | |
Mauritian Creole | French-based creoles | spoken in Mauritius; no official status | 806,000 | |
Tetum | Austronesian languages, | Timor Leste, West Timor | 800,000 | |
Yucatán Maya | Mayan, Yucatecan, Yucatec-Laca | Mexico, Belize | 705,000 | |
Ossetic | Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Eastern Iranian, Northeastern | Spoken in Rusya Official in North Ossetia, South Ossetia), Georgia, Turkey | ~700,000 | |
Ndonga | Bantu | Spoken in Namibia, Angola | 690,000 | |
Kwanyama | Niger-Congo | Angola, Namibia | 671,000 | |
Mari | Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Finno-Permic, Finno-Volgaic | Rusya (Official in Mari El) | 600,569 | |
Réunion Creole | French-based creoles | spoken in Réunion; no official status | 600,500 | |
West Frisian | Indo-European, Germanic, West Germanic, Anglo-Frisian, Frisian | Official in the Hollanda (Friesland). | 600,000 fluent speakers in 2004 700,000 (Ethnologue 1976) | |
Avar | North Caucasian (disputed), Northeast Caucasian, Avar-Andic | Official in Russia's Republic of Dagestan Also spoken in the rest of Russia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Turkey | ~600,000 | |
Friulian | Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Gallo-Romance, Gallo-Rhaetian | İtalya | ~600,000 | |
Lozi | Niger-Congo | Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe | 550,000 | |
Udmurtça | Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Finno-Permic, Permic | Rusya (Official in Udmurtia), Kazakhstan | 550,000 | |
Kalmukça | Altaic (controversial), Mongolic, Kalmyk-Oirat | Spoken in Rusya (Kalmykia), China, Mongolia | 518,500 | |
American Sign Language | French Sign Language family | No official status, used in ABD, Canada and Guatemala. Also used in varying degrees in Philippines, Singapore, Hong Kong, Côte d'Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Chad, Gabon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic, Mauritania, Kenya, Madagascar and Zimbabwe. | başlık = Ethnologue report for language code: ase | erişimtarihi = 2010-03-16 | yayımcı = Ethnologue.com | arşivurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20130203070029/http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=ase | arşivtarihi = 3 Şubat 2013}}</ref> | |
Breton | Indo-European, Celtic, Brythonic | Native in Brittany, no official status | ≤ 500,000 | |
Erzya | Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Finno-Permic, Finno-Volgaic, Mordvinic | Spoken in Rusya | ~500,000 | |
Maltese | Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, South Central | Official in Malta, European Union. Significant communities in Australia, Canada, Birleşik Krallık and Cebelitarık | ~500,000 | |
Moksha | Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Finno-Permic, Finno-Volgaic, Mordvinic | Rusya (Mordovia) | ~500,000 | |
Zapotec | Oto-Manguean, Zapotecan | Mexico (Oaxaca, Puebla, Guerrero) Also spoken in ABD | ~500,000 | |
Fiji Hindi | Indo-European | Fiji, Australia, New Zealand, ABD, Canada | 460,000 | |
Fijian | Malayo-Polynesian | Fiji, Australia, New Zealand, Birleşik Krallık, other Pacific Islands | 455,000 | |
Sureth ܠܫܢܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ leššānā Suryāyā or Assyrian/Chaldean/Syriac Neo-Aramaic | Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, North Central | Official in Iraq. Significant communities in ABD (Chicago, California, Sweden, Australia, New Zealand, Almanya, Syria ) and Canada (Ontario, . | 0.42 million (2006)[kaynak doğrulanamadı] | Up to 3.6 million speakers including second language speakers. Mostly those from Mesopotamia |
Lezgince | Northeast Caucasian, Lezgic | Spoken in Rusya, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan | 450,000 | |
Hakha-Chin | Sino-Tibetan | Burma, India, Bangladesh | 446,264 | |
Limbu | Sino-Tibetan | official in Nepal, India (Sikkim), significant communities in Bhutan, Assam (India) | 441,633 | |
Mapudungun | language isolate | Significant communities in Chile, Argentina | 440,000 (ethnologue) | |
Dargin | Caucasian (geographical convention), North (disputed), Northeast | Spoken in Dagestan, Rusya | 439,000 | |
İnguşça | Caucasian (disputed), North (disputed), Northeast, Nakh, Vainakh (Chechen-Ingush) | Spoken in Rusya (Ingushetia, Chechnya) | 415,000 | |
Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl | Uto-Aztecan, Aztecan, General Aztec, Huasteca | Meksika | 410,000 | |
Karaçay-Balkarca | Altaic, Turkic, Kypchak, Kypchak-Cuman | Official languages of Russian areas of Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia | 400,000 | |
Buryat | Altaic, Mongolic, Northern | Mongolia, China, Rusya | 400,000 | |
Sranan Tongo | Creole language | Official in Surinam, significant communities in the Hollanda | ~400,000 | |
Western Huasteca Nahuatl | Uto-Aztecan, Aztecan, General Aztec, Huasteca | Meksika | 400,000 | |
Corsican | Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Italo-Dalmatian | Native in Corsica. | 402,000-100,000 | |
Aklanon | Austronesian, Borneo-Philippines, Central Philippine, Visayan, Western Visayan, Aklan, | Native in the Philippines. | 394,545 | |
Lüksemburgca | West Central German group of High German languages | Lüksemburg'da resmi | 390,000 | |
Dhivehi | Indo-Aryan | Official in the Maldives. Also spoken in the island of Minicoy in Union territory of Lakshadweep, India which was formerly a part of the Maldives. | 379,200 | |
Samoan | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian (MP), Nuclear MP | Official in Samoa and American Samoa (United States) | 370,337 | |
Sakha | Altaic, Turkic, Northern Turkic | Russia | 363,000 | |
Awngi | Afro Asiatic, Cushitic, Central | Ethiopica (Agew Awi Zone, Amhara Region) | 356,980 | |
İrlandaca | Indo-European, Celtic, Goidelic | Official in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland, spoken by communities in the Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, Canada and Australia. | 350,000 | |
Komi | Uralic, Permic | Spoken in Rusya (Komi Cumhuriyeti, Perm Krai | 350,000 | |
Mingrelian | Kartvelian | Georgia, Spoken in Georgia | 500 000 | |
Mazahua | Oto-Manguean, Oto-Pamean, Otomian | Meksika | 350,000 | |
Papiamento | Portuguese Creole | Official in Aruba, Curacao, Sint Maarten, and the Hollanda (in Bonaire, Saba, Sint Eustatius, and elsewhere by immigrants from these six island) | 329,000 | |
Pontic Greek | Indo-European, Greek | Greece, Russia, Ukraine, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Turkey | 324,535 | |
Japanese Sign Language | Sign language | no official status | 320,000 signers | |
Icelandic | Indo-European, Germanic, North | Official in Iceland. Small community in Gimli, Manitoba, Canada. | 310,000 | |
Wayuu | Arawakan, Maipuran, Northern Maipuran, Caribbean | Significant communities in Colombia, Venezuela | 305,000 (ethnologue) | |
Aromanian | Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Eastern Romance | Yunanistan, Albania, Romania, Serbia, Bulgaristan, Macedonia | 300,000-700,000 | |
Adigece | Caucasian (disputed), North Caucasian (disputed), Northwest Caucasian, Circassian | Official in Russia's Republic of Adygea, Significant communities in the rest of Russia, Turkey, Jordan, Syria, Israel, Macedonia, Iraq | 300,000 | |
Lazca | South Caucasian | Turkey, Georgia, Almanya, Adjaria, Yunanistan | 300,000-500,000 | |
Wanka Quechua | Quechuan | Official in Peru | 300,000 | |
Garifuna | Arawakan, Carib | Honduras, Belize, Guatemala | 300,000 | |
French Sign Language | French Sign Language family | used in Fransa, no official status. French Sign Language is related to Dutch Sign Language (NGT), German Sign Language (DGS), Flemish Sign Language (VGT), Belgian-French Sign Language (LSFB) Irish Sign Language (ISL), American Sign Language (ASL), and Quebec Sign Language (LSQ). | 80,000 - 300,000 signers | |
Kodava Takk | Dravidian | Kodagu, Karnataka, India | 300,000 | |
Kumukça | Altaic, Turkic, Kypchak, Kypchak-Cuman | Rusya Dagestan | 282,000 | |
Nàmá | Khoisan, Khoe, Khoekhoe, North Khoekhoe | Official in Namibia. | 250,000 | |
Central Huasteca Nahuatl | Uto-Aztecan, Southern Uto-Aztecan, Aztecan, General Aztec, Aztec | Meksika | 200,000 | |
Tuvaca | Altaic, Turkic, Northeastern | Mongolia, Russia, China | 200,000 | |
Kenyan Sign Language | French Sign Language Family | Kenya | ~200,000 | |
Miskito | Misumalpan | Nicaragua, Honduras | 183,400 | |
Navajo | Na-Dené, Athabaskan, Southern Athabaskan | Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (Arizona, Utah, Colorado, New Mexico) | 178,000 | |
Maori | Austronesian, Oceanic, Tahitic languages | Official language of New Zealand/Aotearoa | 165,000 fluent speakers (New Zealand Census, 2006. Statistics New Zealand). | |
British Sign Language | BANZSL, Sign Language | Birleşik Krallık | 140,000 | |
Amis | Austronesian | Tayvan | 137,651 | |
Ngäbere | Chibchan, Guaymi | Spoken in Panamá | 133,092 (1990 Panama Census) | |
Dzongkha | Sino-Tibetan | Bhutan, Sikkim | 130,000 | |
Hererro | Niger-Congo | Namibia, Botswana | 130,000 | |
Chamula Tzotzil | Mayan, Cholan-Tzeltalan, Tzeltalan | Meksika | 130,000 | |
Abhazca | Northwest Caucasian, Abkhaz-Abaza | Georgia, Abkhazia, diasporal communities elsewhere | about 125,000 | |
Highland Puebla Nahuatl | Uto-Aztecan, Southern Uto-Aztecan, Aztecan, General Aztec, Aztec | Meksika | 125,000 | |
Highland Totonac | Totonacan, Totonac | Meksika | 120,000 | |
Lak | North Caucasian, Northeast Caucasian | Rusya (Southern Dagestan) | 120,000 | |
Orizaba Nahuatl | Uto-Aztecan, Southern Uto-Aztecan, Aztecan, General Aztec, Aztec | Meksika | 120,000 | |
P'urhépecha | Language isolate | Mexico Michoacán | ~120,000 | |
Tahitian | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian (MP), Central-Eastern MP, Eastern MP, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, Central Pacific, East Fijian-Polynesian, Polynesian, Nuclear Polynesian, Eastern Polynesian, Central East Polynesian, Tahitic | Fransa (French Polynesia) | 120,000 | |
Karelian | Uralic | Rusya | 118,000 | |
Komi-Permyak | Uralic | Rusya | 116,000 | |
Pardhan | Gondi | No official status, spoken in India | 116,919 | |
Franco-Provençal | Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Gallo-Romance, Gallo-Rhaetian (SIL), Oïl (SIL), Southeastern[anlam ayrımı gerekli] (SIL) | İtalya, İsviçre, Fransa | ~113,000 | |
Tongan | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central Eastern Malayo-Polynesian... | Official in Tonga, significant communities in New Zealand | 105,319 | |
Bachajón Tzeltal | Mayan, Cholan-Tzeltalan, Tzeltalan | Meksika | 100,000 | |
Ladino | Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Ibero-Romance, West Iberian, Spanish | İsrail, Türkiye | 109,000 | |
Gilbertese | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central Eastern, Eastern... | Official in Kiribati | 102,000 | |
Spanish Sign Language | Sign language | İspanya | more than 100,000 signers | |
Mezquital Otomi | Oto-Manguean, Otopamean, Otomian | Mexico and the Amerika Birleşik Devletleri | 100,000 | |
Ulster Scots | Indo-European, Germanic, West Germanic, Anglo-Frisian, Old English, Scots, Ulster Scots | Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland | 100,000 |
10,000'den 100,000'e kadar konuşanı olan diller
1,000'den 10,000'e kadar konuşanı olan diller
Dil | Ailesi | Resmi Durumda olarak veya Nüfusun %1'inden fazlası tarafından konuşulan yerler | Konuşan Sayısı |
---|---|---|---|
Yupikçe | Eskimo-Aleut | ABD (Alaska) | ~10,000 |
İsrail İşaret Dili | İşaret Dili | İsrail | ~10,000 |
Şorca | Altay | Rusya | 9,800 |
Zunice | Yalıtılmış Diller | ABD (New Mexico ve Arizona) Zuñi pueblo | 9,651 |
Huambisa | Jivaroan | Peru | 9,333 (2000 WCD) |
Lakotaca | Siouan-Catawban, Siouan, Mississippi Valley, Dakotan, Sioux | ABD | 8,000-9,000 |
Çukçice | Chukotko-Kamchatkan | Rusya | 7,742 |
Huitotot | Bora-Huitoto, Huitoto-Ocaina | Resmi olarak Peru ve ayrıca Kolombiya'da | 7,378-8,162 (Adelaar, 2004) |
Southern Aymara | Aymaran | Resmi olarak Peru ve ayrıca Brezilya'da | 7,212 (2001 SIL) |
Ucayali-Yurúa Ashéninka | Arawakan, Maipuran, Southern Maipuran, Pre-Andine | Resmi olarak Peru ve ayrıca Brezilya'da | 7,212 |
Megleno-Romanian | Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Eastern Romance | Yunanistan, Romanya, Makedonya | 5,000-12,000 |
Veps | Uralic | Rusya | 6,355 |
Western Desert Language | Pama-Nyungan | Avustralya | 6,103 (Ethnologue) |
Flemish Sign Language | Sign Language | Belçika (Flanders and Brussels-Capital Region) | 6,000 |
Perené Ashéninka | Arawakan, Maipuran, Southern Maipuran, Pre-Andine | Resmi olarak Peru | 5,500 |
Achuar-Shiwiar | Jivaroan | Resmi olarak Peru, ve ayrıca Ekvator'da | 5,000 |
Cashibo-Cacataibo | Panoan | Peru | 5,000 (Ethnologue, 1999) |
Finnish Sign Language | Sign Language | Finlandiya | 5,000 (tahminî) |
Dolgan | Altay | Rusya | ~5,000 |
Saisiyat | Austronesian | Tayvan | 4,750 |
Rapa Nui (Easter Islander) | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central Eastern, Eastern, Oceanic, Central-Eastern, Remote Oceanic, Central Pacific, East, Polynesian, Nuclear Polynesian, Eastern Polynesian | Şili (Rapa Nui (Easter Island)) | 4,650 |
!Xóõ | Khoisian | Namibia, Botswana | 4,200 |
Ajyíninka Apurucayali | Arawakan, Maipuran | Resmi olarak Peru | 4,000 |
Akhvakh | Northeast Caucasian | Rusya (Dağıstan) | 3,500 |
Koryak | Chukotko-Kamchatkan | Rusya | 3,019 |
Jaqaru | Aymaran | Resmi olarak Peru | 3,009 |
Candoshi-Shapra | Language Isolate | Resmi olarak Peru | 3,000 (1991, SIL) |
Yague | Peba-Yaguan | Resmi olarak Peru | 3,000-4,000 (dated) |
Kala Lagaw Ya | Pama-Nyungan | Australia | 3,000-4,000 |
Khinalug | Northeast Caucasian languages | Azerbaijan | 1,500 ~ 4,000 |
Ludic | Uralic | Rusya (Karelia) | 3,000 |
İnyuikçe | Aleut | Kanada | 3,500 |
Mansice | Uralic | Russia Khantia-Mansia | 3,184 |
Carolinian | Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central Eastern, Eastern, Oceanic, Central-Eastern, Remote Oceanic, Micronesian, Micronesian Proper, Ponapeic-Trukic | Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Official in Northern Mariana Islands | 3,000 |
Kernewek (Cornish) | Indo-European, Celtic, Insular Celtic, Brythonic | Southwest England | 3,000 |
Warlpiri | Pama-Nyungan | Australia | 3,000 |
Godoberi | Northeast Caucasian | Russia (Dagestan) | 3,000 |
Murui Huitoto | Witotoan, Witoto, Witoto Proper, Minica-Murui | Resmi olarak Peru, ve ayrıca Kolombiya'da | 2,900 (SIL, 1995) |
Bora | Witotan | Resmi olarak Peru ve ayrıca Kolombiya'da | 2,828 |
Saterland Frisian (East Frisian) |
Indo-European, Germanic, West Germanic, Anglo-Frisian, Frisian | Germany (recognized minority language in Saterland, East Frisia) | 2,250 11,000 (Ethnologue) |
Kven | Uralic | Norway | 2,000-8,000 |
Cashinahua | Panoan | Resmi olarak Peru ve ayrıca Brezilya'da | 2,000 |
Inuinnaqtun | Aleut | Kanada | 2,000 |
Lule Sami | Uralic | İsveç, Norveç | 2,000 |
Esperanto | Constructed language Vocabulary from Romance and Germanic languages; phonology from Slavic languages | International auxiliary language | 200 to 2000 N.B. Because it is an international language, most speakers speak it as a second language. Estimates of total number of speakers tend to fall around 2 million.<ref>{{Web kaynağı | url = http://www.esperanto.net/veb/faq-5.html | başlık = Esperanto FAQ: Part 5 | erişimtarihi = 2010-03-16 | yayımcı = Esperanto.net | arşivurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20150803022415/http://www.esperanto.net/veb/faq-5.html | arşivtarihi = 3 Ağustos 2015}}</ref> |
Arrernte | Pama-Nyungan | Avustralya | 1,500 |
Manx Gaelic | Indo-European, Celtic, Goidelic | Isle of Man | 1,750 |
Minica Huitoto | Witotoan | Resmi olarak Peru, ve ayrıca Kolombiya'da | 1,705 (2000 WCD) |
Selkup | Uralic | Russia (Yamalia) | 1,570 |
Culina | Arauan | Resmi olarak Peru ve ayrıca Brezilya'da | 1,303 |
Chipaya | Uru-Chipaya | Resmi olarak Peru | 1,200 |
She | Hmong-Mien | Çin | 1,200 |
Çikasovca | Muskogean | ABD | 1,000 |
Walmajarri | Pama-Nyungan | Avustralya | 1,000 |
Koro | Tibeto-Burman | India (Arunachal Pradesh, East Kameng) | 800-1200 |
Istro-Romanian | Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Eastern Romance | Hırvatistan | 560-1,000 |
1,000'den az konuşanı olan diller
Dil | Ailesi | Resmi Durumda olarak veya Nüfusun %1'inden fazlası tarafından konuşulan yerler | Konuşan Sayısı |
---|---|---|---|
Osmanlıca | Altay-Türkî | Türkiye | 900 |
Norfuk | Creole | Norfolk Island, Pitcairn Islands | 616 |
Ketçe | Dené-Yeniseian | Russia (Krasnoyarsk Krai) | 550 |
Kildin Sami | Uralic | Russia (Murmansk Oblast, Karelia) | 500 |
Nganasanca | Uralic | Russia (Taymyria) | 500 |
Southern Sami | Uralic | İsveç, Norveç | 500 |
Inari Sami | Uralic | Finlandiya | 400 |
Skolt Sami | Uralic | Finland, Russia (Karelia) | 400 |
Mlabri | Austroasiatic | Tayland, Laos | <400 |
Ingrian | Uralic | Russia (Ingria) | 300 |
Pirahã | Muran | Amazon Nehri, Brezilya resmi değil | 300 |
Washo | Hokan | United States (Washoe County, Nevada) | başlık = Language Map Data Center | erişimtarihi = 2010-03-16 | yayımcı = Mla.org | tarih = 2007-07-17 | arşivurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20151025235209/http://www.mla.org/map_data_results&state_id=99&county_id=&mode=state_tops&zip=&place_id=&cty_id=&a=&ea=&order=a&ll=all | arşivtarihi = 25 Ekim 2015}}</ref> |
Komançice | Uto-Aztecan | United States (Oklahoma) | 200 |
Hinukh | Northeast Caucasian | Russia (Dagestan) | 200 |
Livonian | Uralic | Latvia (Livonia) | 150 |
Tobian | Trukic | Palau (In the states of Hatohobei and Sonsorol and in the southern areas of Palau) | ≥100 |
Enets | Uralic | Russia (Krasnoyarsk Krai) | 70 |
Pitkern (Or Pitcairnese) | Creole | Pitcairn Island (and New Zealand) | ≥70 |
Manchu | Altaic | Northern China (Heilongjian province), Southern Russia | ≥60 |
Kawésqar | Fuegian | Şili | <22 |
Pite Sami | Uralic | İsveç, Norveç | 20 |
Ume Sami | Uralic | İsveç, Norveç | 20 |
Votic | Uralic | Rusya | ≥20 |
Kayardild | Pama-Nyungan | Avustralya | <10 |
Hiren | Waywash | Peru | 6 |
Ter Sami | Uralic | Russia (Murmansk Oblast) | 2<ref>"Sami languages disappears". Barents Observer. 19 Feb 2010. 25 Şubat 2012 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 2 May 2010. |
Layemutca | Uralic | Türkiye | 2 |
---|
Büyük Diller
The following are the largest ISO 639 macrolanguages, which in different sources may be counted as either one or several languages.
- Çince (ca. 1.30 milyar)
- Hintçe (ca. 900 milyon)
- Ingilizce (ca. 500 milyon)
- İspanyolca (ca. 300 milyon)
- Rusça (ca. 280 milyon)
- Arapça (ca. 227 milyon)
- Türkçe (ca. 80 milyon, ikinci dil olarak 220 milyon)
- Malayca (ca. 26 milyon, ikinci dil olarak 200 milyondan fazla)
- Fransızca (ca. 128 milyon)
- Almanca (ca. 102 milyon)
- Farsça (ca. 100 milyon)
- Azerice (ca. 30 milyon, ikinci dil olarak 40 milyondan fazla)
- Peştunca (ca. 40 milyon)
- Oromo (ca. 25 milyon)
- Özbekçe (ca. 23 milyon)
- Sırpça-Hırvatça (ca. 21 milyon)
- Malagasy language (ca. 17 milyon)
- Kürtçe (ca. 16 milyon)
- Fula language (ca. 15 milyon)
- Zhuang language (ca. 14 milyon)
Swahili language (Remember Swahili language does not belong to any tribe in the world but it is a lingua franca for over 40 million in Tanzania, 35 million in Kenya, 10 million in Uganda, 10 million in Congo DRC, parts of Rwanda, Burundi, Somalia, Oman. Comoro Swahili Language is widely used as well (ca. 100 million
Ayrıca bakınız
- Global language system
- Linguistic demography
- List of languages by total number of speakers
- List of sign languages by number of native signers
- List of ISO 639-3 codes
- List of most-widely spoken languages (by number of countries)
- Lists of languages
- Ethnologue list of most-spoken languages
- Linguistic Diversity Index
Kaynakça
- ^ a b c "Etnoloji". SIL
Haley. 12 Ocak 2013 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. 4. harf sırasında bulunan
|yayımcı=
parametresi line feed character içeriyor (yardım) - ^ a b c "Encarta Dictionary". Microsoft Encarta 2006. 17 Ağustos 2011 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 2009-11-16.
- ^ a b c d Ranking by Mean Average of the two estimates (Encarta and Ethnologue)
- ^ "Modern Çince - Sözlükler - MSN Encarta". Uk.encarta.msn.com. 4 Haziran 2011 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ http://www.ethnologue.com/14/show_language.asp?code=CHN
- ^ "Dünyanın en çok konuşulan 30 dili". Krysstal.com. 7 Eylül 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 2011-01-9. Tarih değerini gözden geçirin:
|erişimtarihi=
(yardım) - ^ "İspanyol - Sözlükler - MSN Encarta". Uk.encarta.msn.com. 4 Haziran 2011 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 2011-01-09.
- ^ Ethnologue - 1999 WA--source for the second figure)
- ^ la-moncloa.es (V International Congress on Spanish Language), UNAM and Instituto Cervantes ("El Mundo" news)
- ^ "English definition - Dictionaries - MSN Encarta". Uk.encarta.msn.com. 4 Haziran 2011 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ http://www.ethnologue.com/14/show_language.asp?code=ENG
- ^ "Hindi definition - Dictionaries - MSN Encarta". Uk.encarta.msn.com. 4 Haziran 2011 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ "Urdu definition - Dictionaries - MSN Encarta". Uk.encarta.msn.com. 4 Haziran 2011 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ ^Ethnologue, 1999
- ^ "Census of India - Statement 1". Censusindia.gov.in. 23 Temmuz 2013 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=urd
- ^ "Census of India - Statement 1". Censusindia.gov.in. 23 Temmuz 2013 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ http://www.statpak.gov.pk/depts/pco/statistics/other_tables/pop_by_mother_tongue.pdf
- ^ "India Statistics - Statistical analysis, data information and facts about India". Indiastat.com. 26 Aralık 2014 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ "Population Census Organization". Statpak.gov.pk. 22 Şubat 2011 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_Data_Online/Language/Statement1.htm
- ^ "Arabic definition - Dictionaries - MSN Encarta". Uk.encarta.msn.com. 4 Haziran 2011 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=arb
- ^ "Bangla definition - Dictionaries - MSN Encarta". Uk.encarta.msn.com. 4 Haziran 2011 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ http://www.ethnologue.com/14/show_language.asp?code=BNG
- ^ Galik-portekizce
- ^ "Portuguese definition - Dictionaries - MSN Encarta". Uk.encarta.msn.com. 4 Haziran 2011 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ "Ethnologue 14 report for language code:POR". Ethnologue.com. 8 Mayıs 2009 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ "IOL Diário - Somos 240 milhões de falantes". Diario.iol.pt. 2008-07-16. 12 Ekim 2010 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ "Russian definition - Dictionaries - MSN Encarta". Uk.encarta.msn.com. 4 Haziran 2011 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ http://www.ethnologue.com/14/show_language.asp?code=RUS
- ^ a b Contributor: flamiejamie (2008-06-26). "Top 10 Most Spoken Languages In The World". Listverse. 24 Mayıs 2009 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ "Japanese definition - Dictionaries - MSN Encarta". Uk.encarta.msn.com. 4 Haziran 2011 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ "German definition - Dictionaries - MSN Encarta". Uk.encarta.msn.com. 4 Haziran 2011 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ "Europeans and Languages" (PDF). European Commission. 16 Ağustos 2015 tarihinde kaynağından (PDF) arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 2007-02-18.
- ^ "Javanese definition - Dictionaries - MSN Encarta". Uk.encarta.msn.com. 4 Haziran 2011 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ "Punjabi definition - Dictionaries - MSN Encarta". Uk.encarta.msn.com. 4 Haziran 2011 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ "Wu definition - Dictionaries - MSN Encarta". Uk.encarta.msn.com. 4 Haziran 2011 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ http://www.ethnologue.com/14/show_language.asp?code=TRK
- ^ "Turkish language". Encarta Dictionary. 4 Haziran 2011 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 11 February 2010.
- ^ "Korean definition - Dictionaries - MSN Encarta". Uk.encarta.msn.com. 4 Haziran 2011 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ "Census of India - Statement 4". Censusindia.gov.in. 13 Kasım 2012 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ "Marathi language". Encarta dictionary. 4 Haziran 2011 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 11 February 2010.
- ^ "French definition - Dictionaries - MSN Encarta". Uk.encarta.msn.com. 4 Haziran 2011 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ Posted by 데이빛 / Mithridates (2008-10-15). "French in 9th place with 200 million French speakers in the world / 200 millions de francophones dans le monde". Page F30. 9 Eylül 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ "200 million French speakers in the world - La France en Australie". Ambafrance-au.org. 17 Şubat 2011 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ "U.S. Census Bureau". Internetworldstats.com. 2009-09-30. 21 Mayıs 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ Jacques Leclerc (2009-11-02). "Francophonie (Qu'est-ce que la?)". Tlfq.ulaval.ca. 27 Mart 2013 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ "Cheer up French speakers, you're not alone". France24. 2008-10-28. 20 Mayıs 2011 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ "Vietnamese language". Encarta dictionary. 4 Haziran 2011 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 11 February 2010.
- ^ "Tamil language". Encarta dictionary. 4 Haziran 2011 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 11 February 2010.
- ^ "Top 30 Language Spoken in the World by Number of Speakers". Krysstal.com. 7 Eylül 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ "Italian language". Encarta dictionary. 4 Haziran 2011 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 11 February 2010.
- ^ "Cantonese language". Encarta Dictionary. 4 Haziran 2011 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 11 February 2010.
- ^ "Pashto, Northern". SIL International. Ethnologue: Languages of the World. June 2010. 13 Şubat 2013 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 2010-09-18.
49,529,000 possibly total Pashto in all countries.
- ^ a b "Pashto". Omniglot.com. 5 Eylül 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 2010-10-25.
The exact number of Pashto speakers is not known for sure, but most estimates range from 45 million to 55 million.
- ^ Penzl, Herbert (2009). A Grammar of Pashto a Descriptive Study of the Dialect of Kandahar, Afghanistan. Ishi Press International. s. 210. ISBN 0923891722, 9780923891725
|isbn=
değerini kontrol edin: invalid character (yardım). Erişim tarihi: 2010-10-25.Estimates of the number of Pashto speakers range from 40 million to 60 million...
Bilinmeyen parametre|coauthors=
görmezden gelindi (yardım) - ^ Thomson, Gale (2007). Countries of the World & Their Leaders Yearbook 08. 2. European Union: Indo-European Association. s. 84. ISBN 0787681083, 9780787681081
|isbn=
değerini kontrol edin: invalid character (yardım). Erişim tarihi: 2010-10-25. - ^ http://www.omniglot.com/writing/kurdish.htm
- ^ "www.ethnologue.com". www.ethnologue.com. 2 Şubat 2013 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 2010-03-16.
- ^ a b http://www.webcitation.org/query?id=1257013011437361
- ^ Persian language in Encyclopedia of Orient
- ^ R. Khanam, "Encyclopaedic ethnography of Middle-East and Central Asia: J-O, Volume 2", Global Vision Publishing Ho, 2005. pg 730:"The Standard Tajiki dialect is mutually intelligble with the Persian of Iran and the Dari of Afghanistan and is increasingly being called either Farsi-Tojiki or Farsi (Persian)"
- ^ David Levinson, Karen Christensen, "Encyclopedia of modern Asia", Charles Scribner's Sons, 2002. pg 50: "The most important modern languages of the Iranian family are (West Iranian) Persian (Farsi, Dari, and Tajiki), Tati, Baluchi, Zaza, and numerous unwritten "
- ^ Bernard Lewis, "The Middle East: a brief history of the last 2,000 years",Simon and Schuster, 1995. pg 247: "Persian- Zaban-i Farsi, the language of the province of Fars, or Pars, from which the Greek and hence the Western names of the country are derived -- was spoken and written in Iran (the ancient name of the country), and in a zone extending eastward into Central Asia, in regions now included in Afghanistan and in the republic of Tajikistan. Tajik and also Dari, one of the two languages of Afghanistan (the other is Pashto, also of Iranic family), are variants of Persian
- ^ Bernard Lewis,"The multiple identities of the Middle East", Schocken Books, 1998. ISBN 0805241728, 9780805241723 pg. 55: "Apart from Iran, Persian has official status in two other countries; in Afghanistan, where the local form of Persian is known as Dari, and in the former soviet Republic of Tajikistan.
- ^ 2009 CIA Factbook: Iran:[1][2] (Persian and Persian dialects 58%) (38.514), Afghanistan [3], Afghan Persian or Dari (official) 50% (14.1), Tajikistan 79.9% (5.8 million), Uzbekistan (4.7% 1 million),
- ^ Iran 36 M (51%) - 46 M (65%) [4], Afghanistan 16.369 M (50%), Tajikistan 5.770 M (80%), Uzbekistan 1.2 M (4.4%)
- ^ Svante E. Cornell, "Uzbekistan: A Regional Player in Eurasian Geopolitics?", European Security, vol. 20, no. 2, Summer 2000.
- ^ Richard Foltz, "The Tajiks of Uzbekistan", Central Asian Survey, 15(2), 213–216 (1996).
- ^ Karl Cordell, "Ethnicity and Democratisation in the New Europe", Published by Routledge, 1999. Excerpt from pg 201: "Consequently, the number of citizens who regard themselves as Tajiks is difficult to determine. Tajikis within and outside of the republic, Samarkand State University (SamGU) academic and international commentators suggest that there may be between six and seven million Tajiks in Uzbekistan, constituting 30% of the republic's 22 million population, rather than the official figure of 4.7%(Foltz 1996;213; Carlisle 1995:88).
- ^ Lena Jonson, "Tajikistan in the New Central Asia", Published by I.B.Tauris, 2006. pg 108: "According to official Uzbek statistics there are slightly over 1 million Tajiks in Uzbekistan or about 4% of the population. The unofficial figure is over 6 million Tajiks. They are concentrated in the Sukhandarya, Samarqand and Bukhara regions."
- ^ [5]
- ^ Azerbaycanlı, South 12.6 milyon Johnstone and Mandryk 2001 (Irak 0.6 milyon (1982), Suriye 0.03 milyon (1961), Türkiye (0.5) milyon) [6]
- ^ Azerbaijani, North 7.5 milyon 2007
- ^ [7]
- ^ [8]Azerbaijani, Iran 17 million (2010) 24%
- ^ http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=azb
- ^ http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=azj
- ^ http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=qxq
- ^ http://www.joshuaproject.net/people-clusters.php?peo2=126
- ^ Microsoft Encarta 2006, Languages Spoken by More Than 10 Million People. Archived 2009-10-31.
- ^ "News Release - Scotland's Census 2001 - Gaelic Report" from General Registrar for Scotland website, 10 October 2005. Retrieved 27 December 2007.
Dış bağlantılar
- Ethnologue's most recent list of languages arranged by number of speakers
- List of top 100 languages in 13th edition of Ethnologue (1996)
- Different lists of the most spoken languages (the Ethnologue list is from a previous, not the 2005, edition).
- Ethnologue - SIL's Ethnologue, widely referenced source for the world's languages
- Languages Spoken by More Than 10 Million People (Archived 2009-10-31) - Encarta list, based on data from Ethnologue, but some figures (e.g. for Arabic) widely vary from it
- Top 30 languages of the world
- 30 most widely spoken world languages
- Map of World Languages. Download of MP3 audio files in 1600 language combinations.