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'''Tonisite''' ''efektif osmolarite'' veya ''efektif osmolalite'' nin bir ölçüsüdür. [[Osmolalite]] ve [[osmolarite]] partiküler bir solüsyonun membrandan bağımsız özellikleridir. Tonicity is a property of a solution in reference to a particular membrane, and is equal to the sum of the concentrations of the solutes which have the capacity to exert an osmotic force across that membrane.
'''Tonisite''' ''efektif osmolarite'' veya ''efektif osmolalite'' nin bir ölçüsüdür. [[Osmolalite]] ve [[osmolarite]] partiküler bir solüsyonun membrandan bağımsız özellikleridir. Tonisite is a property of a solution in reference to a particular membrane, and is equal to the sum of the concentrations of the solutes which have the capacity to exert an osmotic force across that membrane.


[[Hypertonic]], [[hypotonic]] and [[isotonic]] solutions are defined in reference to a cell membrane by comparing the tonicity of the solution with the tonicity within the cell.
[[Hypertonic]], [[hypotonic]] and [[isotonic]] solutions are defined in reference to a cell membrane by comparing the tonicity of the solution with the tonicity within the cell.

Sayfanın 07.37, 27 Haziran 2007 tarihindeki hâli

Tonisite efektif osmolarite veya efektif osmolalite nin bir ölçüsüdür. Osmolalite ve osmolarite partiküler bir solüsyonun membrandan bağımsız özellikleridir. Tonisite is a property of a solution in reference to a particular membrane, and is equal to the sum of the concentrations of the solutes which have the capacity to exert an osmotic force across that membrane.

Hypertonic, hypotonic and isotonic solutions are defined in reference to a cell membrane by comparing the tonicity of the solution with the tonicity within the cell.

  • If a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution (one of lower tonicity than the cell contents), the water concentration is greater outside the cell and so osmosis produces a net movement of water into the cell. This causes animal cells (without a cell wall) to burst and plant cells (which do have a cell wall) to become turgid.
  • If the medium is isotonic, the water concentration is the same on either side of the cell membrane, and there is no net movement of water.
  • If the medium is hypertonic, the water concentration inside the cell is greater. This leads to net movement of water out of the cell. Animal cells shrivel up; plant cells become plasmolysed (the cell membrane pulls away from the cell wall in places as the cytoplasm shrinks).

The effects of tonicity on animal cells and plant cells differ, since plants cells have a cell wall that does not change shape.

Tonicity is also applied to the elastic tension of living muscles, arteries, etc. that facilitates response to stimuli. Clinically, this is referred to as tonus (See muscle tone).

Tonicity refers to the total concentration of non-permeating solute particles in a solution. eg. a 300mmol/l solution of urea is isoosmotic to red blood cells because its osmolarity is the same as that of red blood cells, but it is hypotonic to red blood cells because urea is able to cross the cell membrane and so the total concentration of non-permeating particles = 0

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