Sonradan Hristiyan olan Müslümanlar listesi
 | Bu sayfanın ya da bir kısmının Türkçeye çevrilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu sayfanın tamamı ya da bir kısmı Türkçe dışındaki bir dilde yazılmıştır. Madde, alakalı dilin okuyucuları için oluşturulmuşsa o dildeki Vikipedi'ye aktarılmalıdır. İlgili değişiklikler gerçekleşmezse maddenin tamamının ya da çevrilmemiş kısımların silinmesi sözkonusu olabilecektir. İlgili çalışmayı yapmak üzere bu sayfadan destek alabilirsiniz |
Bu liste Müslüman iken Hristiyan olan kişileri gösterir.
A[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]
- Aslan Abaşidze - Sovyetler Birliği, Gürcistan ve Acara Özerk Cumhuriyeti’nin siyaset adamı.
- Basuki Abdullah - Endonezyalı ressam
- Ibrahim Abdullah - American former PLO terrorist[1]
- Saeed Abedini - Iranian-American pastor imprisoned in Iran[2]
- Abo of Tiflis - Hristiyan aktivist ve the patron saint of the city of Tiflis, Georgia[3]
- Abraham of Bulgaria - martyr and saint of the Russian Orthodox Church[4]
- Taysir Abu Saada - former member of the PLO; founder of the ministry Hope For Ishmael after he converted to Christianity;Yasir Arafat's personal driver[5][6]
- Rotimi Adebari - İrlanda’nın ilk siyahi belediye reisi. Black mayor in Ireland[7]
- St. Adolphus - martyr who was put to death along with his brother, John, by Abd ar-Rahman II, Caliph of Córdoba for apostasy[8]
- Leo Africanus - Moorish diplomat who was forced to convert to Christianity following his capture[9]
- Jabalah ibn al-Aiham - last ruler of the Ghassanid state in Syria and Ürdün in the 7. century AD; after the Islamic conquest of Levant he converted to Islam in AD 638; later reverted to Christianity and lived in Anatolia until he died in AD 645[10]
- Adebayo Akinfenwa - English professional footballer who plays as a striker for AFC Wimbledon; his father is Muslim and his mother Christian; he was raised in his father's religion; is now a Christian[11]
- Safdar Ali - former Maulvi (cleric) from Hindistan[12]
- Mehmet Ali Ağca - Türk suikastçı.[13]
- Magdi Allam (baptized as Magdi Cristiano Allam) - Italy's most famous Islamic affairs journalist[14]
- Saint Hodja Amiris - eski Osmanlı askeri stationed in Jerusalem who converted to Christianity in the 17. century and was subsequently tortured and killed for the crime of apostasy in Islam[15]
- Zachariah Anani - eski Sunni Muslim Lebanese militia fighter[16]
- Hussain Andaryas - Afghan Christian activist and televangelist[17]
- Juan Andrés - name chosen by a Spanish Muslim scholar who converted to Catholicism and wrote a well known polemical work against Islam, the Confusión o confutación de la secta mahomética y del Alcorán[18]
- Matthew Ashimolowo - Nigerian-born British pastor and evangelist[19]
- Avraamy Aslanbegov - Russian-Azeri vice-admiral and military writer of the Russian Empire, converted to Eastern Orthodox Christianity[20]
- Asmirandah - Endonezyalı aktris of Dutch descent; converted to Protestantism in December 2013; owes her conversion to an experience of having dreamed three times of Jesus Christ[21][22][23][24]
- Aurelius and Natalia - martyrs who were put to death during the reign of Abd ar-Rahman II, Caliph of Córdoba for apostasy[25]
- Johannes Avetaranian - born Muhammad Shukri Efendi, Christian missionary of Turkish heritage[26]
- Juliana Awada - Arjantin iş insanı of Lebanese ve Syrian descent; First Lady of Argentina, married to the President of Argentina, Mauricio Macri[27]
B[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]
- Parveen Babi - Hint sinema oyuncusu
- Josephine Bakhita - Rahibe
- Sarah Balabagan - Filipina prisoner in the Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri, 1994-96[28]
- Fathima Rifqa Bary - American teenager of Sri Lankan descent who drew international attention in 2009 when she ran away from home and claimed that her Muslim parents might kill her for having converted to Christianity[29]
- Ahmed Barzani - Barzani aşireti lideri
- II. Beşir Şihab - Osmanlılara, daha sonra Mısır'a bağlı olarak Lübnan'ı yöneten emir.
- Simeon Bekbulatoviç - Kasım Hanlığı'nın hanlarından ve Rus Çarlığı'nın çarlarındandır.
- Ibrahim Ben Ali - Türk asıllı Amerikalı asker
- Aloandro Ben Bekar - the last military Governor or Qadi of Faro, in Algarve, Portugal, at the time of its reconquest in 1249, and a descendant of Bakr Ben Yahia; he was later baptized[30]
- Bernard of Alzira - Andalusian prince and diplomat, later turned from Islam into a religious of the Cistercian Order; a martyr of the Catholic Church, venerated particularly in the Valencian Community ve Catalonia
- Mohammed Christophe Bilek - Cezayirli eski Müslüman
- Francis Bok - Sudan asıllı Amerikalı aktivist
- Jean-Bédel Bokassa - Orta Afrika Cumhuriyeti Emperor (from Christianity to Islam back to Christianity)[31]
- Thomas Boni Yayi - Beninli politikacı ve iş insanı
- Sayed Borhan - Kasım Hanlığı hanı
- Broery - Endonezyalı şarkıcı
C[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]
- Moussa Dadis Camara - Gineli subay[32][33][34]
- Ergun Caner - Türk kökenli Amerikalı Protestan bir din adamı ve vaizdir[35][36]
- Rianti Cartwright - Endonezyalı oyuncu, model, sunucu ve VJ[37][38]
- Kassian Cephas - Endonezyalı fotoğraf sanatçısı[39][40]
- Chamillionaire (Hakeem Seriki) - Amerikan hip hop şarkıcısı ve söz yazarı[41][42]
- Şihab Ailesi - Lübnan'ın asil ailesidir[43]
- Djibril Cissé - Fransız eski futbolcu[44][45]
- Hansen Clarke - U.S. Representative for Michigan'nın 13. seçim bölgesi[46]
- Eldridge Cleaver - initially associated with the Nation of Islam, then Evangelical Christianity, then Mormonism[47][48]
- Constantine the African - Bağdat-educated Muslim who died in 1087 as a Christian monk at Monte Cassino[49][50]
- Constantine Hagarit[51] - born in Smyrna to a Muslim family under the Ottoman Empire during the 19. century; converted to Orthodox Christianity and was subsequently imprisoned, tortured and executed by hanging for apostasy on June 2, 1819
- Converso - substantial numbers of Iberian Muslims who converted to Catholicism in Spain or Portugal, particularly during the 14. and 15. centuries. These New Christians of Moorish Berber origin were known as Moriscos. Over 1 million of these Moriscos were converted from Islam to Christianity, most of whom were forced to convert.[52][53]
- Michał Czajkowski - Polish-Cossack writer and political emigre who worked both for the resurrection of Poland and the reestablishment of a Cossack Ukrayana[54]
D[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]
- Moussa Dadis Camara - Gineli subay[55][56]
- Justinus Darmojuwono - Endonezyalı papaz[57]
- Nonie Darwish - Mısır asıllı Amerikalı yazar
- Sedar Dedeoglu - Turk who claims to be a descendant of Islam's prophet Muhammad; converted to Christianity while living in Almanya[58]
- Hassan Dehqani-Tafti - first ethnic Persian to become a Christian bishop of Iran since the 7. century and the Islamic conquest of Persia[59]
- Mehdi Dibaj - Iranian Christian convert from Shia Islam, pastor and Christian martyr[60][61]
- Momolu Dukuly - Liberyalı siyasetçi[62][63]
- Daniel Bambang Dwi Byantoro - İndonezyalı papaz[64][65]
E[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]
- Bahaa el-Din Ahmed Hussein el-Akkad - Egyptian former Muslim sheikh who theological discourse with a Christian led him to conduct an intensive study of Christian Scripture, after which he converted to Christianity in January 2005[66]
- Soraya Esfandiary-Bakhtiari - second wife and Queen Consort of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the late Shah of Iran who converted to Roman Catholicism[67]
- Estevanico - Berber originally from Fas and one of the early explorers of the Southwestern United States[68]
F[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]
- Joseph Fadelle (born Mohammed al-Sayyid al-Moussawi) - Roman Catholic convert from Islam and writer born in 1964 in Irak to a Shiite family[69]
- Rima Fakih - Lübnan asıllı Amerikalı oyuncu
- Donald Fareed - Iranian televangelist and minister[70]
- Hazem Farraj - Palestinian-American writer, minister, and televangelist[71]
- Mary Fillis[72]
G[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]
- Mark A. Gabriel - Egyptian Islamic scholar and writer[73]
- Daveed Gartenstein-Ross - counter-terrorism expert and attorney (from Judaism to Islam to Christianity)[74][75]
- Kabeer Gbaja-Biamila - American football defensive end who was drafted by the Green Bay Packers and is currently a free agent
- George XI of Kartli - Georgian monarch who ruled Eastern Georgia from 1676 to 1688 and again from 1703 to 1709; an Eastern Orthodox Christian, he converted to Islam prior to his appointment as governor of Qandahar; later converted to Roman Catholicism[76]
- Fathia Ghali - Egyptian princess and youngest daughter of Fuad I of Egypt ve Nazli Sabri[77][78]
- Ghias ad-din - Azeri prince of the Seljuk dynasty of Rum, converted to Eastern Orthodox Christianity[kaynak belirtilmeli]
- Ruffa Gutierrez - Filipina actress, model and former beauty queen (from Christianity to Islam back to Christianity)[79][80][81]
H[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]
- Umar ibn Hafsun - leader of anti-Ummayad dynasty forces in southern Iberia; converted to Christianity with his sons and ruled over several mountain valleys for nearly forty years, having the castle Bobastro as his residence[82]
- Rajah Humabon - first Filipino Sultan convert to Roman Catholicism in the name of Carlos[83][84]
- Aben Humeya (born Fernando de Valor) - Morisco Chief who was crowned the Emir of Andalusia by his followers and led the Morisco Revolt against Philip II of Spain[85]
- Naveed Afzal Haq - Pakistani-American charged for the July 2006 Seattle Jewish Federation shooting; converted to Christianity in December 2005 but reverted to Islam by the time of the shooting[86]
I[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]
- Ubeydullah bin Cahş - Eski sahabe sonradan Habeşistan hicretinde Hristiyan oldu. Peygamber Muhammed’in eşi Zeyneb bint Cahş’ın kardeşidir.[87]
- Tunch Ilkin - former Turkish American football player[88]
- Mariam Ibrahim Ishaq - although she claimed never to have practiced Islam, as she was born to a Sudanese Muslim father (who had abandoned her Ethiopian Orthodox Christian mother in childhood) the Republic of Sudan deemed her a convert and apostate, imprisoning and sentencing her to death in 2014
- Jessica Iskandar - Endonezyalı oyuncu ve model[89][90]
- Qadry Ismail - eski Amerikalı futbolcu[91]
- Raghib Ismail - eski Amerikalı futbolcu [92]
J[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]
- Sabatina James (born 1982) - born in Dhedar, Pakistan; Avusturyalı-Pakistani book author; started a new life in Viyana, changing her name and converting to Catholicism; baptized in 2006[93]
- Esther John - born to a Pakistani Muslim family; converted to Christianity; became a nurse to rural communities in Northern India and was later murdered[94]
- Mario Joseph - born into a Muslim family in Kerala, India, he became a notable Imam before the age of 18, but subsequently converted to Catholicism whereupon he was tortured and forced to flee to Europe[95]
- Lina Joy - Malay convert from Islam to Christianity; born Azlina Jailani in 1964 in Malaysia to Muslim parents of Javanese descent; converted at age 26; in 1998, she was baptized, and applied to have her conversion legally recognized by the Malaysian courts[96]
- Don Juan of Persia (1560-1604) - late 16.- and early 17.-century figure in Iran and İspanya; also known as Faisal Nazary; was a native of Iran, who later moved westward; settled in Spain where he became a Roman Catholic[97]
K[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]
- Alina Kabaeva - Russian gymnast[98][99][100]
- Jesse of Kakheti - Georgian prince of the Bagrationi dynasty, son of King Leon of Kakheti converted to Islam in the Service of the Safavid dynasty, but returned to Orthodox Christianity after his return to Georgia[101]
- Jesse of Kartli - Georgian prince of the Bagrationi dynasty (from Christianity to Islam back to Christianity)[102]
- Alexander Kazembek - Russian Orientalist, historian and philologist of Azeri origin[103]
- Mathieu Kérékou - President of Benin (from Christianity to Islam back to Christianity)[104]
- Chulpan Khamatova - Russian actress[105][106]
- Emir Kusturica - Sırp ve Yugoslavya filmmaker and actor[107][108]
L[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]
- Imad ud-din Lahiz - prolific Islamic writer, preacher and Qur'anic translator[109]
- Dr. Nur Luke - Uyghur Bible translator[110]
- Fernão Lopes (soldier) - 16.-century Portuguese soldier in India who converted to Roman Catholicism
M[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]
- Sake Dean Mahomed (born Sheikh Din Muhammad) - Indian traveller, surgeon and entrepreneur who introduced the Indian take-away curry house restaurant in Britain; first Indian to have written a book in the English language;[111][112] converted to marry Jane Daly, an Irish Protestant, as it was illegal for a non-Protestant to marry a Protestant[113]
- Enrique de Malaca - Malay slave of Ferdinand Magellan, converted to Roman Catholicism after being purchased in 1511[114][115]
- Pinkan Mambo (born Pinkan Ratnasari Mambo) - Indonesian singer; converted in 2010; decision taken after admitting she studied various religions of the world and eventually dropped in awe of Jesus Christ[116][117][118]
- Fadhma Aït Mansour - mother of French writers Jean Amrouche ve Taos Amrouche[119]
- Roy Marten (born Wicasksono Abdul Salam) - Indonesian actor whose family was converted to Roman Catholicism during his childhood but who converted converted later to Indonesian Orthodoxy in 1997[120][121][122]
- Abdul Masih - Indian indigenous missionary; ordained Anglican ve Lutheran minister;[123][124] often referred to as the most influential indigenous Christian to shape nineteenth-century Christian missions in India; religious author
- Josef Mässrur (born Ghäsim Khan) - missionary to Chinese Turkestan with the Mission Union of Sweden[125]
- Carlos Menem - former President of Argentina; raised a Nusayri but converted to Roman Catholicism, a constitutional requirement for accessing the presidency until 1994[126]
- Mizse - last Palatine of King Ladislaus IV of Macaristan in 1290; born into a Muslim family in Tolna County in the Kingdom of Hungary; converted to Roman Catholicism[127]
- St. George El Mozahem - Coptic saint[128][129][130]
- Yadegar Moxammat of Kazan - last Khan of Kazan Khanate;[131] was forced to convert to Christianity following the Siege of Kazan[131][132]
- Archbishop Thomas Luke Msusa - born into a Muslim family; converted to Christianity as a child and later became an Archbishop in his home country of Malawi, as well as converting and baptizing his father, a former imam[133]
- Muhsin Muhammad - current American football player for the Carolina Panthers, raised in a Muslim household, later converted to Christianity[134]
- Paul Mulla - Turkish scholar and professor of Islamic Studies at the Pontifical Oriental Institute[135]
N[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]
- Youcef Nadarkhani - Iranian Christian pastor who has been sentenced to death for apostasy[136]
- Diana Nasution - Indonesian singer, converted to Protestantism after marriage[137][138]
- Aurelius and Natalia (died 852) - Christian martyrs who were put to death during the reign of Abd ar-Rahman II, Emir of Córdoba, and are counted among the Martyrs of Córdoba; Aurelius was the son of a Muslim father and a Christian mother. He was also secretly a follower of Christianity, as was his wife Natalia, who was also the child of a Muslim father.[139]
- Marina Nemat - Canadian author of Iranian descent and former political prisoner of the Iranian government; born into a Christian family, she converted to Islam in order to avoid execution but later reverted to Christianity[140]
- Ibrahim Njoya - Bamum king; back and forth conversions from Islam to Christianity[141]
- Nunilo and Alodia - 9.-century sisters recognized as Catholic saints and martyrs in Moorish Spain, executed for apostasy for converting to Christianity
- Rashid Nurgaliyev - Russian politician and general convert to Russian Orthodoxy[142][143]
O[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]
- Malika Oufkir - Moroccan writer and daughter of General Mohamed Oufkir; she and her siblings are converts from Islam to Catholici; and she writes in her book, Stolen Lives, "we had rejected Islam, which had brought us nothing good, and opted for Catholicism instead"[144]
P[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]
- Shams Pahlavi - Iranian princess and the elder sister of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran[145]
- Hamid Pourmand - former Iranian army colonel and lay leader of the Jama'at-e Rabbani, the Iranian branch of the Assemblies of God church in Iran[146]
- Agni Pratistha - Indonesian actress, model and former beauty queen (elected Puteri Indonesia 2006), converted to Catholicism after marriage, although initially denied rumors of conversion[147][148][149]
Q[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]
- Nabeel Qureshi - former Ahmadiyya Muslim; converted to Evangelical Christianity in 2005; has since become an internationally recognized apologist with Ravi Zacharias International Ministries[150][151]
R[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]
- Daud Rahbar - Pakistani scholar of Comparative religions, composer, short story writer, translator, philosopher, contributor to inter-civilization dialogue, musicologist, drummer, singer and guitarist[152][153]
- Abdul Rahman - Afghan convert to Christianity who escaped the death penalty because of foreign pressure[154]
- Brother Rachid - Moroccan Christian convert from Islam; one of the most outspoken converts in the world; hosts a weekly live call-in show on AL-Hayat channel where he compares Islam and Christianity[155][156]
- Majeed Rashid Mohammed - Kurdish Christian convert from Islam; established a network with former Kurdish Muslims with about 2,000 members today[157]
- Stefan Razvan - Gypsy prince who ruled Moldavia for six months in 1595[158]
- Dewi Rezer - Indonesian model of French descent; converted to Roman Catholicism[159][160]
- Emily Ruete (born Sayyida Salme) - Princess of Zanzibar ve Umman[161][162][163]
- Ibrahim Rugova - first president of Kosovo, converted to Roman Catholicism and baptized in the name of Pierre[164][165][166]
S[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]
- Nazli Sabri - Queen consort of Mısır;[167][168] converted to Catholicism in 1950 and took the name "Mary Elizabeth"
- Kyai Sadrach - Indonesian missionary[169][170]
- Begum Samru - powerful lady of north Hindistan, ruling a large area from Sardhana, Uttar Pradesh[171]
- Lukman Sardi - Indonesian actor; converted to Christianity after marriage[172][173][174]
- Mohamed Alí Seineldín - former Argentine army colonel who participated in two failed coup attempts against the democratically elected governments of both President Raúl Alfonsín and President Carlos Menem in 1988 and 1990[175]
- Saint Serapion of Kozheozersky - former Muslim of Tartar ancestry who converted to Christianity and founded the Kozheozersky Monastery in northern Rusya[176]
- The Sibirsky family - foremost of many Genghisid (Shaybanid) noble families formerly living in Russia[177]
- Sharena - Indonesian actress and model; converted to Christianity after marriage[178][179]
- Bilquis Sheikh - Pakistani author and Christian missionary[180]
- Bashir Shihab II - Lebanese emir (prince) who ruled Lebanon in the first half of the 19. century; his family was Sunni Muslim; some of them converted to Christianity at the end of the 18. century[181]
- The Shihab family - prominent Lebanese noble family who originally belonged to Sunni Islam and converted to Christianity at the end of the 18. century[182]
- Walid Shoebat - American author and former member of the PLO[183]
- Nasir Siddiki - Canadian evangelist, author, and business consultant[184]
- Amir Sjarifuddin - Indonesian socialist leader who later became the prime minister of Indonesia during its National Revolution[185]
- Skanderbeg - Arnavut military leader; was forcibly converted to Islam from Christianity, but reverted to Christianity later in life[186]
- James Scurry - British soldier and statesman[187]
- Rudolf Carl von Slatin - Anglo-Austrian soldier and administrator in the Sudan[188]
- Albertus Soegijapranata - born in Surakarta, Dutch East Indies, to a Muslim courtier and his wife who later converted to Catholicism; the first native Indonesian bishop; known for his pro-nationalistic stance, often expressed as "100% Catholic, 100% Indonesian"[189]
- Patrick Sookhdeo - British Anglican canon[190]
- Maria Aurora von Spiegel (born Fatima) - Turkish mistress of Augustus II the Strong and the wife of a Polish noble[191]
- Ahmed es-Sikeli - Müslüman bir ailede dünyaya gelerek, sonraları Petrus adı altında bir Hristiyan olarak vaftiz edilmiş ve I. Guglielmo döneminde Sicilya Krallığı'na hizmet etmiş bir tarihi kişiliktir.[192]
T[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]
- Hakan Tastan and Turan Topal - two Turkish Christian converts who went on trial in 2006, on charges of "allegedly insulting 'Turkishness' and inciting religious hatred against Islam"[193]
- Hary Tanoesoedibjo - Indonesian politician and businessman[194][195]
- Maria Temryukovna - Circassian princess, and second wife to Ivan IV of Russia; born in a Muslim upbringing; baptised into the Russian Orthodox Church on 21 August 1561[196]
- Tabaraji of Ternate - Indonesian sultan; converted to Roman Catholicism after 1534 and baptised with the name Dom Manuel[197][198]
- Casilda of Toledo - daughter of a Muslim king of Toledo (called Almacrin or Almamun); became ill as a young woman and traveled to northern Iberia to partake of the healing waters of the shrine of San Vicente; when she was cured, she was baptized at Burgos; venerated as a saint of the Catholic Church[199]
- Ghorban Tourani - former Iranian Sunni Muslim who became a Christian minister; following multiple murder threats, he was abducted and murdered on 22 November 2005[200]
- Aman Tuleyev - Russian governor of Kemerovo Oblast[201]
- Rajah Tupas - Filipino prince and son of the Rajah Humabon, converted with his family by Magellan[202][203]
U[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]
- Ubayd-Allah ibn Jahsh (Arabic: عبيد الله بن جحش) - brother of Zaynab bint Jahsh, brother in law and first cousin of Muhammad and one of the male Sahaba (companions of the Prophet);[87] he has been cited as one of the four monotheistic hanifs by Ibn Ishaq who converted to Christianity after his migration to Abyssinia[204]
- Udo Ulfkotte - German journalist who was born a Christian, became an atheist, then converted to Islam and finally converted back to Christianity[205][206]
- Nafa Urbach - Indonesian singer, actress and model[207][208][209]
- Utameshgaray of Kazan - Khan of Kazan Khanate;[131] was forced to convert to Christianity following the Siege of Kazan[131]
- Laysan Utiasheva - Russian gymnast, convert to Eastern Orthodox Christianity[210][211][212]
W[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]
- George Weah - Liberian soccer player (from Christianity to Islam back to Christianity)[213]
- Sigi Wimala - Indonesian model and actress, converted to Catholicism after marriage[214][215]
- Wu'erkaixi - Uyghur dissident known for his leading role during the Tiananmen protests of 1989[216][217]
- Ibrahim Tunggul Wulung - Indonesian evangelist and missionary[218][219]
X[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]
- Muley Xeque (Arabic: مولاي الشيخ Mawlay al-Shaykh) - Moroccan prince, born in Marrakech in 1566; exiled in İspanya, he converted to Roman Catholicism in Madrid and was known as Philip of Africa or Philip of Austria[220]
Y[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]
- Yadigar Muhammed Han - Kazan Hanlığı'nı son hanı
- Musab Hasan Yusuf - bir Hamas lideri oğlu[221]
- Remzi Yusuf - Pakistanlı el-Kaide üyesi[222][223]
- Nania Kurniawati Yusuf - Endonezyalı şarkıcı[224][225]
Z[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]
- Zaida of Seville - born an Iberian Muslim; was forced to convert to Christianity;[226] when Seville fell to the Almoravids, she fled to the protection of Alfonso VI of Castile, becoming his mistress, converting to Christianity and taking the baptismal name of Isabel[227]
- Zayd Abu Zayd - the last Almohad governor of Valensiya, İspanya; remained a loyal ally of James I; in 1236 he converted to Roman Catholicism, adopting the name of Vicente Bellvis, a fact which he kept secret until the fall of Valencia[228]
- Saye Zerbo - Yukarı Voltalı (günümüzde Burkina Fasolu) asker ve siyasetçi.
Kaynakça[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]
- ^ "Former terrorist trades weapons for olive branch". 15 Mart 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 15 Ekim 2016.
- ^ http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/12/19/rev-saeed-abedini-american-christian-imprisoned-preaching-christianity_n_2332690.html 3 Ağustos 2016 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Rev. Saeed Abedini, American Christian, Imprisoned In Iran For Preaching Christianity, Thrown In Notorious Prison
- ^ Collected Papers in Greek And Georgian Textual Criticism, pg. 174.[1] 3 Şubat 2016 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.; January 8. Saints 7 Ağustos 2014 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.
- ^ Michael Walsh, A New Dictionary of Saints: East and West, Liturgical Press, 2007, ISBN 0-8146-3186-X, Google Print, p. 3 31 Mart 2019 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi..
- ^ "Arşivlenmiş kopya". 20 Temmuz 2012 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 15 Ekim 2016.
- ^ "Arşivlenmiş kopya". 1 Aralık 2017 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 15 Ekim 2016.
- ^ Grammy awards (25 Ağustos 2007). ""All hail The chieftain", Independent News". Independent.ie. 26 Ekim 2012 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 16 Şubat 2012.
- ^ Holweck, F. G. (1924). A Biographical Dictionary of the Saints. St. Louis: B. Herder Book Co. s. 84.
- ^ Kevin Shillington, History of Africa,
Leo Africanus (following his capture by Christians and forced conversion to Christianity
- ^ "The Human Side In The Hajjah Of The Messenger of Allah". 15 Temmuz 2011 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 15 Ekim 2016.
- ^ "Adebayo Akinfenwa: Wimbledon's 'Beast' - 10 things you never knew". BBC Sport. 6 Ocak 2014. 7 Ocak 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 6 Ocak 2015.
- ^ https://books.google.com/books?id=qxcFAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PA125&dq=%22safdar+ali%22+church+missionary+intelligencer&hl=en&ei=271tTce5F4rHgAeHhtjzAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false THE CHURCH MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCER
- ^ "'Messiah' Mehmet Ali Agca hopes to cash in on Pope attack". The Times. 29 Şubat 2012. 4 Haziran 2011 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 15 Ekim 2016.
- ^ "Pope baptizes one of Italy's most prominent Muslims at Easter vigil service". 5 Aralık 2008 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 15 Ekim 2016.
- ^ "Arşivlenmiş kopya". 22 Şubat 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 15 Ekim 2016.
- ^ "CBC Radio - The Current - Whole Show Blow-by-Blow". 30 Kasım 2009 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi.
- ^ "He saved me - The story of Hussain Andaryas from Afghanistan". 29 Ağustos 2006 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 15 Ekim 2016.
- ^ Juan Andrés, Confusión o confutación de la secta mahomética y del Alcorán, edited by Elisa Ruiz García (Salamanca, 2003).
- ^ Petre, Jonathan (8 Ekim 2005). "'Wealth' church leader practised what he preached". Telegraph. 20 Ekim 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 4 Ağustos 2007.
the charismatic Mr Ashimolowo, a Nigerian-born convert from Islam
- ^ http://www.korabel.ru/persones/detail/9.html 25 Ağustos 2016 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Авраамий Богданович Асланбегов
- ^ http://www.slidegossip.com/2013/12/asmirandah-pindah-agama-atau-keyakinan-demi-bisa-menikah-lagi-dengan-jonas-rivanno.html 19 Mart 2017 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Asmirandah come to the church once a week.
- ^ http://www.kapanlagi.com/showbiz/selebriti/soal-foto-ibadah-di-gereja-asmirandah-agamaku-adalah-hakku-db1e5f.html 12 Temmuz 2016 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. My religion is my own right.
- ^ http://manado.tribunnews.com/2014/03/30/kkr-pendeta-gilbert-di-manado-oc-kaligis-dan-asmirandah-bersaksi 3 Şubat 2016 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. I myself may be new to the Lord Jesus.
- ^ http://kesaksian-life.blogspot.fr/2014/04/kesaksian-asmirandah-artis-indonesia.html 7 Nisan 2016 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Testimony Asmirandah "Indonesian Artist."
- ^ "Christian Martyrs in Muslim Spain". 18 Ocak 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 15 Ekim 2016.
- ^ "Biography of Johannes Aveteranian". 12 Mart 2012 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 15 Ekim 2016.
- ^ "Casamiento de Macri y Awada" (İspanyolca). Hola. 16 Kasım 2010. 21 Nisan 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 15 Ekim 2016.
- ^ "Arşivlenmiş kopya". 2 Mart 2009 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 18 Mayıs 2013.
- ^ "Fla. police: No credible threat to runaway convert, AP". miamiherald.com. 14 Kasım 2009. 14 Mart 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 16 Şubat 2012.
- ^ "Arşivlenmiş kopya". 13 Ekim 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 15 Ekim 2016.
- ^ I Love Jeddah in the Springtime 12 Ağustos 2013 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Time magazine
- ^ Le Populaire, ISSN 0851-2444, N°3232, 31 August 2010, p. 2
- ^ "Qui est Moussa Dadis Camara, le nouveau president de la Guinee?" 16 Şubat 2012 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi., Guineenews, 26 December 2008 (Fransızca).
- ^ "Galanyi.com". 5 Mart 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 15 Ekim 2016.
- ^ http://theologan.com/post/2995543805/the-ergun-caner-controversy 17 Nisan 2015 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. The Ergun Caner Controversy
- ^ http://www.christianitytoday.com/gleanings/2015/january/broken-ergun-caner-resigns-president-brewton-parker-college.html?paging=off 4 Mart 2016 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. 'Broken' Ergun Caner Resigns as President of Brewton-Parker College
- ^ "KapanLagi.com: Rianti Cartwright: JOMBLO Dekat Dengan Realitas"
- ^ http://img408.imageshack.us/img408/2461/pamfletrianticartwright.jpg 30 Ekim 2012 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. perkawinan katolik
- ^ http://christoperlee.blogspot.fr/2011/12/kassian-cephas-pelopor-foto-pertama.html 29 Temmuz 2014 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Ia masik agama Kristen Protestan pada usia remaja, sekitar 15 atau 16 tahun
- ^ http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/arch_0044-8613_1981_num_22_1_1669 24 Eylül 2015 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Un exemple d'assimilation à Java
- ^ http://www.oldies.com/artist-biography/Chamillionaire.html 4 Mart 2016 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. artist biography of Chamillionaire
- ^ http://www.philadelphiaweekly.com/music/whats_up_with-38403029.html 2 Ekim 2014 tarihinde Archive.is sitesinde arşivlendi On religion: "I go to church every Sunday I'm in Houston. Now I have people asking for autographs in church. It's crazy, but yeah, I still do that and I still pay tithes and all that stuff."
- ^ The Maronites in history, Matti Moosa, p283
- ^ "Djibril Cisse Biography". Netglimse.com. 27 Şubat 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 16 Şubat 2012.
- ^ Mondial : ces joueurs de foot ont la foi !, Benoît Fidelin, Pèlerin N° 6654, June 10, 2010 2 Ekim 2011 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Arşiv kopyası; Wayback Machine
- ^ "Muslim to Catholic Convert Hansen Hashem Clarke Member of US Congress". 20 Şubat 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 15 Ekim 2016.
- ^ "New York Times obituary". nytimes.com. 2 Mayıs 1998. Erişim tarihi: 16 Şubat 2012.
- ^ Africana Online 28 Nisan 2010 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Arşiv kopyası; Wayback Machine
- ^ "Constantine the African". 28 Mart 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 15 Ekim 2016.
- ^ "Constantine the African, or Constantinus Africanus (medieval medical scholar)". 9 Ocak 2008 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 15 Ekim 2016.
- ^ "Arşivlenmiş kopya". 31 Mayıs 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 15 Ekim 2016.
- ^ Stallaert, C. 1998
- ^ Stuart B. Schwartz, All Can Be Saved: Religious Tolerance and Salvation in the Iberian Atlantic, s. 62, 14 Mayıs 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi, erişim tarihi: 15 Ekim 2016
- ^ Rudnytsky, Peter L.(1987). Essays in modern Ukrainian history. Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies. p. 186
- ^ http://www.lefaso.net/spip.php?article38255 24 Nisan 2016 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Et Moussa devint Moïse
- ^ http://www.paperblog.fr/3582150/burkina-faso-guinee-dadis-camara-devient-chretien-au-pays-des-hommes-integres/ 5 Nisan 2016 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. "Dadis Camara devient chrétien au " Pays des hommes intègres"
- ^ "Arşivlenmiş kopya". 4 Şubat 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 15 Ekim 2016.
- ^ http://www.wnd.com/2007/02/40047/ 23 Ocak 2017 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. DESCENDANT OF MUHAMMAD CONVERTS TO CHRISTIANITY
- ^ http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/the-right-rev-hassan-dehqanitafti-exiled-anglican-bishop-in-iran-832817.html 25 Eylül 2015 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. The Right Rev Hassan Dehqani-Tafti: Exiled Anglican Bishop in Iran
- ^ http://www.pravoslavie.ru/english/51878.htm 15 Mart 2017 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. "IN THE HOLY NAME OF GOD WHO IS OUR LIFE AND EXISTENCE"
- ^ http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-mehdi-dibaj-1412186.html 11 Ağustos 2016 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Obituary: Mehdi Dibaj
- ^ http://theperspective.org/articles/0617200501.html 6 Ekim 2014 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Religion And Power in Liberia
- ^ http://www.liberianobserver.com/editorials/tolerance-key-protecting-liberia%E2%80%99s-christian-muslim-harmony 6 Ekim 2014 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Tolerance: The Key To Protecting Liberia’s Christian-Muslim Harmony
- ^ http://www.manastir-lepavina.org/arhiva/novosti/index.php/engtext/detaljnije/orthodoxy_in_indonesia_an_interview_with_archimandrite_daniel_bambang_dwi_b/ 31 Mayıs 2014 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Interview with Archimandrite Daniel
- ^ http://www.orthodoxresearchinstitute.org/articles/church_history/byantoro_indonesia.htm 21 Haziran 2015 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. The birth of the Orthodox Church in Indonesia
- ^ Egypt: Christian convert from Islam jailed 21 Kasım 2011 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. - Compass Direct News, 18 October 2006
- ^ Paul Hofmann, Pope Bans Marriage of Princess to Shah, The New York Times, 24 February 1959, p. 1.
- ^ "Estevanico (aka Estevan, Esteban, Estebanico, Black Stephen, Stephen the Moor)". 13 Haziran 2017 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 15 Ekim 2016.
- ^ The Price to Pay (autobiography), published on 25 March 2010, The Work Editions, ISBN 978-2-35631-060-6
- ^ "Donald Fareed's testimony on the Persian ministries website". 2 Nisan 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 15 Ekim 2016.
- ^ http://www.trunews.com/ex-muslim-preaches-the-gospel/ 16 Haziran 2016 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. ‘Ex-Muslim’ preaches the Gospel
- ^ "Arşivlenmiş kopya". 18 Aralık 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 15 Ekim 2016.
- ^ Against the Tides in the Middle East, International Academic Centre for Muslim Evangelism in South Africa, 1997 (published under the name "Mustafa").
- ^ Prison Radicalization: Are Terrorist Cells Forming in U.S. Cell Blocks? 28 Şubat 2008 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Government testimony (PDF)
- ^ Daveed Gartenstein-Ross 8 Mayıs 2011 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. biography on his website
- ^ Nadir Shah and the Afsharid Legacy, The Cambridge history of Iran: From Nadir Shah to the Islamic Republic, Ed. Peter Avery, William Bayne Fisher, Gavin Hambly and Charles Melville, (Cambridge University Press, 1991) , 11.
- ^ http://soref.tv/the-death-of-a-forgotten-princess/ 25 Nisan 2019 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi., The Death of a Forgotten Princess.
- ^ http://www.royalark.net/Egypt/egypt13.htm 25 Ocak 2011 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi., The Muhammad 'Ali Dynasty
- ^ "Ruffa Gutierrez reaffirms her Christian faith". 28 Ekim 2017 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 15 Ekim 2016.
- ^ http://www.mb.com.ph/ruffa-gutierrez-on-men-and-calculated-love/ 15 Mayıs 2014 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. "He has to be God-fearing. I’ve been with someone of different religion and while I accept all religions, it would be nice if me and my man could go to Church together," she said.
- ^ http://www.yowmomma.com/ruffa-gutierrez/ruffa-gutierrez-visited-baclayon-church-one-of-the-oldest-churches-in-the-philippines-built-in-the-1500s-it-was-devastated-by-the-7-2-magnitude-earthquake-that-hit-bohol-last-oct-15-2013-heart/ 9 Ocak 2015 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Ruffa Gutierrez: Visited Baclayon Church
- ^ Damien Simonis, Sarah Andrews, Spain, Lonely Planet, 2005, ISBN 1-74059-700-1, Google Print, pp. 743 31 Mart 2019 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi..
- ^ http://www.markmaranga.com/rajah-humabon-park-in-cebu/ 4 Mayıs 2016 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Rajah Humabon was given the name Carlos in honor of King Charles V of Spain and his wife Queen Juana after King Charles’ mother
- ^ http://www.hawaii.edu/cps/magellancross.html 29 Eylül 2016 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Magellan's Cross, on the Island of Cebu
- ^ L. P. Harvey, Muslims in Spain, 1500 to 1614: 1500 to 1614, University of Chicago Press, 2005, ISBN 0-226-31963-6, M1 Google Print, pp. 223 1 Nisan 2019 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Various Christian sources including the Christian historian, Marmol claim that with his dying breath Aben Humeya declared himself a Christian and said that what he had done was in the prosecution of a family feud.
- ^ Gutierrez, Scott (28 Temmuz 2006). "Shooting suspect was baptized". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Erişim tarihi: 1 Ağustos 2006.
- ^ a b "Marriages of the Holy Prophet". Al-islam.org. 8 Mayıs 2013 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 16 Şubat 2012.
- ^ "Faith in Sports". 17 Mart 2012 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 15 Ekim 2016.
- ^ http://www.nonstop-online.com/2014/02/artis-pesbukers-lecehkan-islam/ 5 Haziran 2016 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Artis Pesbukers ‘Lecehkan’ Islam …
- ^ http://www.tribunnews.com/seleb/2014/05/22/kata-keluarganya-jessica-iskandar-sudah-menikah-setahun-lalu 20 Eylül 2016 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Kata Keluarganya, Jessica Iskandar Sudah Menikah Setahun Lalu
- ^ "Qadry Ismail's bio on TheGoal.com". 3 Mart 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 15 Ekim 2016.
- ^ "Article on Raghib Ismail: Rocket shows strong path". 21 Şubat 2008 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 15 Ekim 2016.
- ^ "Arşivlenmiş kopya". 20 Nisan 2019 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 15 Ekim 2016.
- ^ "in Catholic community". 4 Ağustos 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 15 Ekim 2016.
- ^ "Arşivlenmiş kopya". 22 Ekim 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 15 Ekim 2016.
- ^ Note: Sharia, the Arabic term for Islamic law, is typically spelled "Syariah" in Malaysian English
- ^ Don Juan of Persia: A Shi'ah Catholic
- ^ {{Web kaynağı + |url = http://www.rosconcert.com/common/arc/story.php/26928 + |script-title=ru:Кабаеву не пустили в мечеть + |quote = + |date = 28 Kasım 2002 + |erişimtarihi = 9 Ocak 2013 + |language = ru + |archiveurl = http://hiyo.jp/cache/of/2013-01-09-20-36-54/http://www.rosconcert.com/common/arc/story.php/26928+%7Carchivedate = 9 Ocak 2013+}}
- ^ "Религия в жизни спортсмена: вера или суеверие? Телепрограмма "Православная энциклопедия", прямой эфир на канале ТВЦ 22.01.05". 2 Aralık 2013 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 15 Ekim 2016.
- ^ "Алина Кабаева призналась, что верит в Бога и любит читать Библию+". 15 Aralık 2006. 19 Ekim 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 7 Ocak 2013.
- ^ Allen, W.E.D. (1932). A history of the Georgian people; from the beginning down to the Russian conquest in the nineteenth century (Gürcüce). Londra: Routledge & K. Paul. s. 383. ISBN 0-7100-6959-6.
- ^ http://www.geneagraphie.com/getperson.php?personID=I670984&tree=1 3 Şubat 2016 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Family all over the world
- ^ (Rusça) Alexander Kazembek: Light from the East 1 Nisan 2019 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. by Alexei Pylev. 13 April 2003. Retrieved 9 October 2006
- ^ Okanla, Karim (20 Ağustos 2003). "Benin's 'magical' leader". BBC news. 2 Şubat 2008 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 15 Ekim 2016.
- ^ "Потребность быть настоящей // "Фома" № 6, 2008". 4 Mart 2017 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 15 Ekim 2016.
- ^ ""Кино в деталях" на СТС (05.11.2005)". 8 Mart 2014 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 15 Ekim 2016.
- ^ "Article about Kusturica's religion on". Pionirovglasnik.com. 3 Mart 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 16 Şubat 2012.
- ^ "News of Kusturica's baptism on passagen.se". Hem.passagen.se. 27 Eylül 2012 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 16 Şubat 2012.
- ^ Heirs of the Prophets: An account of the clergy and Priests of Islam, Samuel Marinus Zwemer, Moody press, 1946, p. 127 - "There are some examples which could easily be multiplied. Dr. Imad-ud-Din was a leading Sufi and theologian in the Punjaub. He was appointed to preach against Dr. Pfander in the royal mosque at Agra; he read the Scriptures, believed and was baptised, and with another great theologian and Sufi, Safdar Ali, became a missionary to his people. Afterwards he received a doctorate from Oxford University. His baptism took place New Year's Day, 1868, together with his aged father and brother. Other distinguished converts in the Punjab, such as Imam Shah, were also from the clergy."
- ^ Cryer, Neville Barker (1979). Bibles Across the World (İngilizce). United States of America: Mowbrays. s. 94. ISBN 0264664175.
- ^ http://forgottennewsmakers.com/2013/12/29/sake-dean-mahomed-1759-1851-first-indian-to-publish-a-book-own-a-restaurant-and-do-shampooing-in-england/ 2 Ocak 2017 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. SAKE DEAN MAHOMED (1759 - 1851) First Indian to Publish a Book, Own a Restaurant and Do "Shampooing" in England
- ^ http://www.criterion-quarterly.com/sake-dean-mahomet-1759-1851/ 25 Haziran 2016 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Sake Dean Mahomet (1759-1851)
- ^ India in the Time of Dean, 4 Mart 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi, erişim tarihi: 15 Ekim 2016
- ^ http://www.theawl.com/2012/07/the-slave-who-circumnavigated-the-world 11 Mayıs 2016 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. The Slave Who Circumnavigated The World
- ^ http://www.voaindonesia.com/content/sejarawan-harvard-penjelajah-bumi-pertama-putera-melayu/1711514.html 29 Mayıs 2016 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Sejarawan Universitas Harvard: Penjelajah Bumi Pertama adalah Putera Melayu
- ^ http://www.tribunnews.com/seleb/2010/09/20/zakat-pinkan-mambo-pindah-ke-gereja 20 Eylül 2016 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Pinkan Mambo move to church
- ^ http://www.cekricek.co.id/nama-peristiwa/item/10413-pinkan-mambo-menikah-di-gereja-secara-sederhana.html 10 Ekim 2013 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Pinkan Mambo married in a church in Los Angeles
- ^ http://metrotangsel.com/2013/10/wawancara-eksklusif-dengan-deetje-ibunda-pinkan-mambo-2/ 7 Haziran 2014 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Pinkan Mambo confirms be married to Steve Wantania
- ^ Majumdar, Margaret (2002). Francophone Studies: The Essential Glossary (İngilizce). United States of America: Oxford University Press. s. 4. ISBN 0340806966.
- ^ Saya juga minta maaf kepada seluruh komunitas Gereja Ortodok 2 Ocak 2015 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. diakses 3 February 2006
- ^ Roy Marten, who said that he has been a follower of the Church for three years 1 Temmuz 2016 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. diakses 3 February 2006
- ^ Roy Marten Main Sinetron Edisi Natal 2 Haziran 2016 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. diakses 12 December 2006
- ^ https://books.google.com/books?id=oQ8BFk9K0ToC&pg=PA1 3 Mayıs 2016 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Biographical Dictionary of Christian Missions
- ^ http://www.faith2share.net/Mission/Missionaries/AbdulMasih/tabid/287/language/en-GB/Default.aspx 6 Ekim 2014 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Abdul Masih (1765 - 1827) An influential indigenous Indian missionary
- ^ In Tibet and Chinese Turkestan: Being the Record of Three Years' Exploration, Henry Hugh Peter Deasy, pg. 284
- ^ "Carlos Menem" 21 Ağustos 2008 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Encyclopædia Britannica
- ^ Berend, Nora. At the Gate of Christendom: Jews, Muslims and Pagans in Medieval Hungary, c. 1000-c. 1300. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-02720-5.
- ^ http://st-takla.org/zJ/index.php?option=com_icopts&task=&sm=3-2&c=&dbl=en&tht=1309039200[ölü/kırık bağlantı]
- ^ http://www.wiscopuannet/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=153&Itemid=97[ölü/kırık bağlantı]
- ^ "Arşivlenmiş kopya". 19 Ağustos 2019 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 15 Ekim 2016.
- ^ a b c d "Үтәмешгәрәй". Tatar Ansiklopedisi (Tatarca). Kazan: Tataristan Cumhuriyeti Bilimler Akademisi.. Tatar Ansiklopedisi Enstitüsü. 2002.
- ^ Helen M. Faller, Nation, Language, Islam: Tatarstan's Sovereignty Movement
- ^ "Arşivlenmiş kopya". 6 Şubat 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 15 Ekim 2016.
- ^ Brad Biggs (20 Mayıs 2005). "Muhammad all about giving as well as receiving". Chicago Sun-Times. s. 148.
- ^ Jarrett-Kerr, Martin (1972). Patterns of Christian Acceptance. Birleşik Krallık: Oxford University Press. s. 196.
- ^ Merica, Dan (1 Ekim 2011). "Iranian pastor faces death for rape, not apostasy - report". CNN. 5 Nisan 2019 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 15 Ekim 2016.
- ^ http://manado.tribunnews.com/2013/10/04/pesan-terakhir-diana-nasution-jangan-lupa-pelayanan-gereja 20 Eylül 2016 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. "Mama benar-benar minta jangan sampai lupa pelayanan gereja,"
- ^ http://life.viva.co.id/news/read/449316-rita-nasution-dan-minggus-tahitoe-berduet-di-depan-peti-diana 9 Aralık 2016 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Walau saya Muslim, Hajah saya tetap bisa menyanyikan semua lagu.
- ^ Attwater, Donald and Catherine Rachel John. The Penguin Dictionary of Saints. 3. edition. New York: Penguin Books, 1993. ISBN 0-14-051312-4.
- ^ "Flight from Iran". 27 Eylül 2011 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 15 Ekim 2016.
- ^ "African Studies Quarterly". Africa.ufl.edu. Retrieved 16 February 2012.
- ^ http://www.islamnews.ru/news-8292.html 7 Nisan 2014 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Какие традиции продолжает глава МВД Рашид Нургалиев
- ^ http://survincity.com/2011/12/the-priests-said-interior-minister-nurgaliyev/ 4 Nisan 2016 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. The priests said Interior Minister Nurgaliyev
- ^ "Malika Oufkir: the American Making of a Moroccan Star". 4 Şubat 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 15 Ekim 2016.
- ^ Hussein Fardust, The Rise and Fall of the Pahlavi Dynasty:, Motilal Banarsidass, 1999, ISBN 81-208-1642-0, Google Print, pp. 122-123 1 Nisan 2019 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi..
- ^ "Hamid Pourmand: Imprisonment due to religious belief". 11 Eylül 2014 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 15 Ekim 2016.
- ^ http://oktavita.com/foto-agni-pratistha-menikah-di-gereja.htm 7 Aralık 2016 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Foto Agni Pratistha Menikah di Gereja
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- ^ Qureshi, Nabeel (2014). Seeking Allah, Finding Jesus: A Devout Muslim Encounters Christianity (İngilizce). Grand Rapids: Michigan: Zondervan. s. 278. ISBN 978-0-310-51502-9.
- ^ Qureshi, Nabeel. "Biography". Teams. Ravi Zacharias International Ministries. 1 Temmuz 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 8 Aralık 2015.
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- ^ Western Journalism: "Watch: This Former Muslim Just Sent Obama A Wake Up Call On ISIS That Is An Absolute Must-See" by Tom Hinchey 5 Eylül 2014 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. September 4, 2014
- ^ Norge IDAG - Norwegian language newspaper - Friday 7 May 2010
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- ^ Emily Ruete, (1888): Memoirs of an Arabian Princess from Zanzibar
- ^ Emily Ruete, Ulrich Haarmann (Editor), E. Van Donzel (Editor), Leiden, Netherlands, (1992): An Arabian Princess Between Two Worlds: Memoirs, Letters Home, Sequels to the Memoirs, Syrian Customs and Usages. Presents the reader with a picture of life in Zanzibar between 1850 - 1865, and with an intelligent observer's reactions to life in Germany in the Bismarck period. Emily Ruete's writings describe her attempts to recover her Zanzibar inheritance and her homesickness. ISBN 90-04-09615-9
- ^ Publisher's review for Memoirs of an Arabian Princess from Zanzibar 18 Mart 2021 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. ("Despite strictures confining Islamic women, she trysted with a German who is thought to have impregnated her, fled to Germany where she converted to Christianity")
- ^ http://www.lemonde.fr/europe/article/2006/01/26/l-adieu-du-kosovo-a-son-premier-president-ibrahim-rugova_734723_3214.html 3 Şubat 2016 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. "Jean Paul II et Mère Teresa sont les deux personnalités qui ont le plus influencé sa vie"
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He was absolved by the Pope for his conversion, which he reversed
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