Ruhsal zeka

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Ruhsal Zeka (SQ), zihinsel zeka (IQ) gibi bir idrak becerisi. Daniel Goleman'ın literatüre kazandırdığı "duygusal zeka (EQ)" ruhsal derinliğin kapısına dayanan önemli bir adımdır; ancak "evren-yaratıcı" bütünlüğünden kopuk olduğu için hâlâ çok sınırlıdır. Ruhsal zeka (SQ), düşünebilinecek her şeyi, her olayı açıklama iddiasında bir bakış açısıdır. "Q", İngilizce, "Quotient; bölüm, alan" kelimesinin ilk harfidir. "S" ise "Ruhsal" kelimesinin karşılığı olan İngilizce "Spiritual" kelimesinin ilk harfidir.

Konu başlıkları

[değiştir] Ruhsal Zekanın Doğuşu

IQ ve EQ üzerinde yapılan incelemelerde, her iki zekayı da aşan ve her iki zekadan da önemli sonuçlar doğuran farklı noktalar olduğu görüldü. Yapılan gözlemlere göre , insan, başına gelebilecek bir trafik kazasını önleyebilir; gecenin karanlığında hırsızın kapısının önünden geçmesine gizli yöntemlerle engel olabilirdi. Bu zekayı kavramlaştıran ilk eser, Oxford Üniversitesi'nde "stratejik liderlik programı" çerçevesinde eğitimci olan Donah Zohar ile psikiyatrist ve psikoterapist olan Dr. Ian Marhsall tarafından SQ: Connecting with our Spiritual Intelligence adıyla 288 sayfalık bir kitap olarak yayınlandı.Türkiye'de ve Türkçe'de ruhsal zeka ile ilgili ilk çalışma ise Muhammed Bozdağ'ın eseri Başarının Gizemli Boyutu Ruhsal Zeka (SQ)dur. Ruhsal zeka ile ilgili Tony Buzan, Kathleen Noble, Frances Vaughan ve David B King'in de çalışmaları olmuştur. Bu çalışmaların her biri birbirinden bağımsız çalışmalardır. Bu nedenle çalışmaların ortak noktaları olduğu gibi birbirinden çok farklı yaklaşımları da bulunmaktadır.

[değiştir] Ruhsal Zeka Çalışmaları

[değiştir] Muhammed Bozdağ (2001)

Muhammed Bozdağ (2001) kitabında ruhsal zekayı bir yaşama biçimi, hayatın her saniyesini dolduracak bir hissediş ve tutum şekli olarak tanımlıyor. Kitabında ruhsal zekayı 7 temel bölüme ayırıyor:

1. İstemek ve İnanma Gücü
İman, ruhsal güce dayanmanın en önemli aracıdır.
2. İstemek ve Gerekçe Gücü
Geleceğiniz üzerinde belirleyici olan, ne yaptığınız değil, niçin yaptığınızdır.
3. İstemek ve Duygu Gücü
Duygular, bir defa istemenin gücünü, bir milyon kez istemek kadar büyütebilir.
4. İstemek ve Israr Gücü
Israr, ilerlemenin sürekliliğini sağlayan tek tutumdur.
5. İstemek ve Kanaat Gücü
Kanaat, ilerlemeyi istikrarlı sürdürmenin tek yoludur.
6. İstemek ve Ruhsal Etkileşim Gücü
Evren etkileşimli yaratılmıştır. Sadece verenler, alır; sevenler, sevilir ve paylaşanlarla paylaşılır.
7. İstemek ve İlâhî İrade Gücü
Evren, kendi başlarına hareket eden bağımsız zerrelerden değil, hakim bir sultanın kanun ve iradesine göre çalışan askerlerden oluşur.

Başka dilden çevrilmekte Bu sayfa, başka dilde bir Vikipedi'den çevrilmektedir.
Siz de yardım etmek istiyorsanız ya da çeviri yarıda kalmışsa, çalışmaya katılan kişilerle iletişime geçip, sayfanın durumunu onlara sorabilirsiniz.
Sayfanın geçmişine baktığınızda, sayfa üzerinde çalışma yapanları görebilirsiniz.

[değiştir] Robert Emmons (2000)

Robert Emmons (2000) defines spiritual intelligence as "the adaptive use of spiritual information to facilitate everyday problem solving and goal attainment." He originally proposed 5 components of spiritual intelligence:

1. The capacity to transcend the physical and material.

2. The ability to experience heightened states of consciousness.

3. The ability to sanctify everyday experience.

4. The ability to utilize spiritual resources to solve problems.

5. The capacity to be virtuous. (LATER REMOVED)

The fifth capacity was later removed due to its focus on human behaviour rather than ability, thereby not meeting previously established scientific criteria for intelligence.

[değiştir] Tony Buzan (2001)

It is described in Tony Buzan's (2001) book The Power of Spiritual intelligence as 'Awareness of the world and your place in it'. Spiritual intelligence is supposed to be one of the 7 intelligences described by Tony Buzan. Robert Emmons (2000) defines spiritual intelligence as "the adaptive use of spiritual information to facilitate everyday problem solving and goal attainment." Kathleen Noble (2000/2001) agrees with Emmons' (2000) definition and adds that spiritual intelligence is an inherent ability. Zohar & Marshall (2003) define spiritual intelligence as "the intelligence with which we can place our actions and our lives in a wider, richer, meaning-giving context; the intelligence with which we can assess that one course of action or one life-path is more meaningful than another." David B King (2007) has more recently defined spiritual intelligence as:

"...a set of adaptive mental capacities which are based on nonmaterial and transcendent aspects of reality, specifically those which are related to the nature of one’s existence, personal meaning, transcendence, and heightened states of consciousness. When applied, these processes are adaptive in their ability to facilitate unique means of problem-solving, abstract-reasoning, and coping."[kaynak belirtilmeli]

[değiştir] Kathleen Noble (2000/2001)

Kathleen Noble (2000/2001) identifies spiritual intelligence as an innate human potential. She agrees with Emmons' (2000) core abilities and adds two others:

1. The conscious recognition that physical reality is embedded within a larger, multidimensional reality with which we interact, consciously and unconsciously, on a moment to moment basis.

2. The conscious pursuit of psychological health, not only for ourselves but also for the sake of the global community.

[değiştir] Frances Vaughan (2002)

Frances Vaughan (2002) offers the following description:

"Spiritual intelligence is concerned with the inner life of mind and spirit and its relationship to being in the world. Spiritual intelligence implies a capacity for a deep understanding of existential questions and insight into multiple levels of consciousness. Spiritual intelligence also implies awareness of spirit as the ground of being or as the creative life force of evolution. If the evolution of life from stardust to mineral, vegetable, animal, and human existence implies some form of intelligence rather than being a purely random process, it might be called spiritual. Spiritual intelligence emerges as consciousness evolves into an ever-deepening awareness of matter, life, body, mind, soul, and spirit. Spiritual intelligence, then, is more than individual mental ability. It appears to connect the personal to the transpersonal and the self to spirit. Spiritual intelligence goes beyond conventional psychological development. In addition to self-awareness, it implies awareness of our relationship to the transcendent, to each other, to the earth and all beings. Working as a psychotherapist, my impression is that spiritual intelligence opens the heart, illuminates the mind, and inspires the soul, connecting the individual human psyche to the underlying ground of being. Spiritual intelligence can be developed with practice and can help a person distinguish reality from illusion. It may be expressed in and culture as love, wisdom, and service."[kaynak belirtilmeli]

[değiştir] Zohar and Marshall (2000)

D. Zohar and I. Marshall (2000) define spiritual intelligence (which they abbreviate as SQ) as "the intelligence with which we address and solve problems of meaning and value; the intelligence with which we can place our actions and our lives in a wider, richer, meaning-giving context; the intelligence with which we can assess that one course of action or one life-path is more meaningful than another. SQ is the necessary foundation for the effective functioning of both IQ and EQ. It is our ultimate intelligence." They further propose that "SQ allows human beings to be creative, to change the rules and to alter situations. It allows us to play with the boundaries; it gives us our moral sense; it allows us to wrestle with questions of good and evil and to envision unrealized possibilities."

Although Zohar & Marshall (2000) do not propose a core ability set, they do suggest the following indications of highly developed spiritual intelligence:

  • the capacity to be flexible (actively & spontaneously adaptive);
  • a high degree of self-awareness;
  • a capacity to face and use suffering;
  • a capacity to face and transcend pain;
  • the quality of being inspired by vision and values;
  • a reluctance to cause unnecessary harm;
  • a tendency to see the connections between diverse things (being ‘holistic’);
  • a marked tendency to ask ‘Why?’ or ‘What if?’ questions and to seek ‘fundamental’ answers; and
  • being what psychologists call ‘field-independent’ – possessing a facility for working against convention.

[değiştir] David B King (2007)

David B King (2007) has undertaken research on spiritual intelligence at Trent University in Peterborough, Ontario, Canada. King defines spiritual intelligence as:

"...a set of adaptive mental capacities which are based on nonmaterial and transcendent aspects of reality, specifically those which are related to the nature of one’s existence, personal meaning, transcendence, and heightened states of consciousness. When applied, these processes are adaptive in their ability to facilitate unique means of problem-solving, abstract-reasoning, and coping."[kaynak belirtilmeli]

King further proposes 4 core abilities or capacities of spiritual intelligence:

1. Critical Existential Thinking:
The capacity to critically contemplate the nature of existence, reality, the universe, space, time, and other existential/metaphysical issues; also the capacity to contemplate non-existential issues in relation to one’s existence (i.e., from an existential perspective).

2. Personal Meaning Production:
The ability to derive personal meaning and purpose from all physical & mental experiences, including the capacity to create and master a life purpose.

3. Transcendental Awareness:
The capacity to identify transcendent dimensions/patterns of the self (i.e., a transpersonal or transcendent self), of others, and of the physical world (e.g., nonmaterialism) during normal states of consciousness, accompanied by the capacity to identify their relationship to one’s self and to the physical.

4. Conscious State Expansion:
The ability to enter and exit higher states of consciousness (e.g. pure consciousness, cosmic consciousness, unity, oneness) and other states of trance at one’s own discretion (as in deep contemplation, meditation, prayer, etc.).

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